Selenium (eBook)

Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health

Marla J. Berry, Vadim N. Gladyshev, Dolph L. Hatfield (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2007 | 2nd ed. 2006
XXIV, 420 Seiten
Springer US (Verlag)
978-0-387-33827-9 (ISBN)

Infos

This book examines the molecular biology of selenium and how this element makes its way into protein. The role of this element in preventing certain forms of cancer, heart disease and other cardiovascular and muscle disorders is explored in the text. The Second Edition outlines discoveries since the book was first introduced in 2001. Chapter updates have been written by investigators who have made important contributions to the field.

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The discovery of selenoproteins in 1973 was the starting point for today's flourishing selenium field [1,2]. It provided evidence that selenium had biochemical functions that could account for its nutritional effects [3,4]. Further, it opened the selenium field to investigation by the methods of biochemistry, which led to the identification of several more selenoproteins and showed that selenocysteine was the form of the element in animal selenoproteins and in most bacterial ones. Although noteworthy efforts were made to uncover the mechanism of selenocysteine and selenoprotein synthesis using biochemical methods, the problem yielded only when attacked with the methods of molecular biology [5,6]. The bacterial mechanism was characterized first; characterization of the animal mechanism is a work in progress. It is interesting to note that the only genes that are devoted to selenium metabolism are those that support selenoprotein synthesis and selenocysteine catabolism. Consequently, it seems likely that competition for selenium between selenoprotein synthesis and the production of selenium excretory metabolites [7] controls who- body selenium homeostasis. The physiological functions of selenium derive fi-om the catalytic and physical properties of selenoproteins. Selenoproteins such as the glutathione peroxidases and the thioredoxin reductases have redox activities that allow them to serve in oxidant defense. The deiodinases use their redox activities to activate and inactivate thyroid hormones. From these two examples, it can be seen that selenoprotein functions are diverse while having in common a redox mechanism.

Inhalt

TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
Contributors 10
Foreword 16
Preface 19
Acknowledgements 21
Chapter 1. Selenium: A historical perspective 22
Biosynthesis of selenocysteine and its incorporation into protein 28
Chapter 2. Selenium metabolism in prokaryotes 29
Chapter 3. Mammalian and other eukaryotic selenocysteine tRNAs 41
Chapter 4. Evolution of selenocysteine decoding and the key role of selenophosphate synthetase in the pathway of selenium utilization 50
Chapter 5. SECIS RNAs and K- turn binding proteins. A survey of evolutionary conserved RNA and protein motifs 62
Chapter 6. SECIS binding proteins and eukaryotic selenoprotein synthesis 73
Chapter 7. The importance of subcellular localization of SBP2 and EFsec for selenoprotein synthesis. 83
Chapter 8. Selenocysteine biosynthesis and incorporation may require supramolecular complexes 91
Selenium- containing proteins 104
Chapter 9. Selenoproteins and selenoproteomes 105
Chapter 10. Deletion of selenoprotein P gene in the mouse 117
Chapter 11. Selenium and methionine sulfoxide reduction 129
Chapter 12. Selenoprotein W in development and oxidative stress 140
Chapter 13. The 15- kDa selenoprotein ( Sep15): functional analysis and role in cancer 146
Chapter 14. Regulation of glutathione peroxidase-1 expression 154
Chapter 15. Selenoproteins of the glutathione system 166
Chapter 16. New roles of glutathione peroxidase-1 in oxidative stress and diabetes 178
Chapter 17. Selenoproteins of the thioredoxin system 188
Chapter 18. Mitochondrial and cytosolic thioredoxin reductase knockout mice 200
Chapter 19. Selenium, deiodinases and endocrine function 204
Chapter 20. Biotechnology of selenocysteine 217
Selenium and human health 227
Chapter 21. Selenium, selenoproteins and brain function 228
Chapter 22. Selenium as a cancer preventive agent 244
Chapter 23. Peering down the kaleidoscope of thiol proteomics and unfolded protein response in studying the anticancer action of selenium 260
Chapter 24. Genetic variation among selenoprotein genes and cancer 272
Chapter 25. Selenium and viral infections 282
Chapter 26. Role of selenium in HIV/AIDS 294
Chapter 27. Effects of selenium on immunity and aging 306
Chapter 28. Selenium and male reproduction 318
Chapter 29. Mouse models for assessing the role of selenoproteins in health and development 327
Chapter 30. Drosophila as a tool for studying selenium metabolism and role of selenoproteins 336
Chapter 31. Selenoproteins in parasites 347
Chapter 32. Incorporating ' omics' approaches to elucidate the role of selenium and selenoproteins in cancer prevention 359
Chapter 33. Selenium-induced apoptosis 371
Chapter 34. Selenoprotein mimics 378
Chapter 35. Update of human dietary standards for selenium 390
Index 402

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.1.2007
• Zusatzinfo: XXIV, 420 p. 72 illus.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Onkologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Infektiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: AIDS • biosynthesis • Cancer • Diabetes • Evolution • genes • HIV • Metabolism • Molecular Biology • Prokaryotes • proteins • Proteomics • Regulation • RNA • tRNA
• ISBN-10: 0-387-33827-6 / 0387338276
• ISBN-13: 978-0-387-33827-9 / 9780387338279