Fundamentals of Weed Science (eBook)

Robert L Zimdahl (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2007 | 3. Auflage
688 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-054985-9 (ISBN)

Infos

This book addresses herbicides and their use as an important aspect of modern weed management, and strives to place them in an ecological framework. Many weed scientists believe agriculture is a continuing struggle with weeds - without good weed control, good and profitable agriculture is impossible. Each agricultural discipline sees itself as central to agriculture's success and continued progress, and weed science is no exception. While not denying the importance of weed management to successful agriculture, this book places it in a larger ecological context. The roles of culture, economics, and politics in weed management are also discussed, enabling scientists and students to understand the larger effects on society.NEW TO THIS EDITION: - Information on New herbicides included, along with the old herbicides that are important for understanding the history - New section on weed resistance to herbicides and genetic engineering - New information on invasive plants - Expanded chapters on Biological Control, Pesticide Legislation and Regulation, Weed Management Systems, and more

Robert L. Zimdahl is a Professor of Weed Science at Colorado State University. He received his Ph.D. in Agronomy from Oregon State University. Among his many honors and awards, Dr. Zimdahl was elected a Fellow of the Weed Science Society of America in 1986 and currently serves as editor of that society's journal, Weed Science. He has been a member of several international task forces and has authored a number of books and articles on the subject of weed science. He is the author of Fundamentals of Weed Science, and Six Chemicals that Changed Agriculture both from Elsevier.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Copyright page 3
Contents 4
PREFACE 16
CHAPTER 1: Introduction 24
LITERATURE CITED 35
CHAPTER 2: Weeds„The Beginning 38
I. DEFINITION OF THE WORD WEED 39
II. CHARACTERISTICS OF WEEDS 43
III. HARMFUL ASPECTS OF WEEDS 46
IV. COST OF WEEDS 56
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 61
LITERATURE CITED 62
CHAPTER 3: Weed Classification 66
I. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS 68
II. A NOTE ABOUT NAMES 69
III. CLASSIFICATION METHODS 71
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 80
LITERATURE CITED 80
CHAPTER 4: Ethnobotany 82
I. FOOD FOR HUMANS 83
II. FEED FOR ANIMALS 87
III. MEDICAL USES 89
IV. AGRICULTURAL USES 91
V. ORNAMENTAL USES 92
VI. INSECT OR DISEASE TRAPS 93
VII. POLLUTION CONTROL 95
VIII. OTHER USES 97
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 99
LITERATURE CITED 99
CHAPTER 5: Weed Reproduction and Dispersal 102
I. SEED PRODUCTION 103
II. SEED DISPERSAL 111
III. SEED GERMINATION„DORMANCY 124
IV. VEGETATIVE OR ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION 137
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 141
LITERATURE CITED 141
CHAPTER 6: Weed Ecology 146
I. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON WEED ECOLOGY 148
II. THE WEED-CROP ECOSYSTEM 151
III. ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS 153
IV. FUNDAMENTAL ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS 159
V. PLANT COMPETITION 169
VI. PLANT CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPETITIVENESS 187
VII. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEED DENSITY AND CROP YIELD 188
VIII. MAGNITUDE OF COMPETITIVE LOSS 192
IX. DURATION OF COMPETITION 195
X. ECONOMIC ANALYSES 199
XI. MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF COMPETITION 201
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 203
LITERATURE CITED 203
CHAPTER 7: Invasive Plants 210
I. THE DEFINITION OF INVASIVE SPECIES 210
II. THE IDENTITY OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES 213
III. WHY DO INVASIONS OCCUR? 220
IV. THE CONSEQUENCES OF PLANT INVASIONS 226
V. MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES 237
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 244
LITERATURE CITED 244
CHAPTER 8: Allelopathy 250
I. ALLELOPATHIC CHEMISTRY 256
II. PRODUCTION OF ALLELOCHEMICALS 258
III. ALLELOPATHY AND WEED-CROP ECOLOGY 260
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 266
LITERATURE CITED 266
CHAPTER 9: The Significance of Plant Competition 270
I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 270
II. CHARACTERISTICS OF WEEDS 278
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 280
LITERATURE CITED 280
CHAPTER 10: Methods of Weed Management and Control 282
I. THE DEFINITIONS OF WEED PREVENTION, CONTROL, ERADICATION, AND MANAGEMENT 283
II. WEED PREVENTION 285
III. MECHANICAL CONTROL 292
IV. NONMECHANICAL METHODS 311
V. CULTURAL WEED CONTROL 318
VI. HERBICIDE-RESISTANT CROPS 334
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 340
LITERATURE CITED 340
CHAPTER 11: Biological Weed Control 350
I. GENERAL 350
II. METHODS OF APPLICATION 358
III. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS 361
IV. INTEGRATION OF TECHNIQUES 373
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 374
LITERATURE CITED 375
CHAPTER 12: Introduction to Chemical Weed Control 380
I. HISTORY OF CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL 381
II. ADVANTAGES OF HERBICIDES 390
III. DISADVANTAGES OF HERBICIDES 397
IV. CLASSIFICATION OF HERBICIDES 406
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 414
LITERATURE CITED 414
CHAPTER 13: Properties and Uses of Herbicides 418
I. INTRODUCTION 418
II. LIGHT-DEPENDENT HERBICIDES 421
III. FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS 430
IV. CELL GROWTH INHIBITION 437
V. AUXIN-LIKE ACTION„GROWTH REGULATORS 440
VI. AMINO ACID BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS 447
VII. INHIBITORS OF RESPIRATION 451
VIII. UNKNOWN MECHANISM OF ACTION 453
IX. SUMMARY 455
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 457
LITERATURE CITED 457
CHAPTER 14: Herbicides and Plants 460
I. FACTORS AFFECTING HERBICIDE PERFORMANCE 461
II. GENERAL 461
III. FOLIAR ACTIVE HERBICIDES 468
IV. PHYSIOLOGY OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS 474
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 489
LITERATURE CITED 490
CHAPTER 15: Herbicides and Soil 492
I. SOIL 493
II. FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL-APPLIED HERBICIDES 496
III. SOIL PERSISTENCE OF HERBICIDES 505
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 509
LITERATURE CITED 509
CHAPTER 16: Herbicide Formulation 512
I. INTRODUCTION 512
II. TYPES OF HERBICIDE FORMULATIONS 515
III. SURFACTANTS AND ADJUVANTS 521
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 521
LITERATURE CITED 521
CHAPTER 17: Herbicides and the Environment 524
I. HERBICIDE PERFORMANCE 525
II. ECOLOGICAL CHANGES 527
III. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION 534
IV. ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS 543
V. HERBICIDE SAFETY 547
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 555
LITERATURE CITED 556
SUPPLEMENTARY LITERATURE 557
CHAPTER 18: Pesticide Legislation and Registration 560
I. THE PRINCIPLES OF PESTICIDE REGISTRATION 560
II. FEDERAL LAWS 562
III. FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT 563
IV. THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) 566
V. FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE CONTROL ACT 567
VI. PROCEDURAL SUMMARY 568
VII. TOLERANCE CLASSES 570
VIII. THE PROCEDURES FOR PESTICIDE REGISTRATION 571
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 575
LITERATURE CITED 575
CHAPTER 19: Weed Management Systems 576
I. INTRODUCTION 576
II. A METAPHOR FOR WEED MANAGEMENT 579
III. THE LOGICAL STEPS OF WEED MANAGEMENT 580
IV. WEED MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES IN SIX SYSTEMS 586
V. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IN WEED MANAGEMENT 609
VI. WEED MANAGEMENT DECISION AIDS 611
VII. SUMMARY 616
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 616
LITERATURE CITED 617
CHAPTER 20: Weed Science„The Future 622
I. RESEARCH NEEDS 623
II. POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS 647
III. CONCLUSION 647
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT 649
LITERATURE CITED 649
APPENDIX A: List of Crop and Other Plants Cited in Text 652
APPENDIX B: List of Weeds Cited in Text 658
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN WEED SCIENCE 670
INDEX 678

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 6.9.2007
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Botanik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• ISBN-10: 0-08-054985-3 / 0080549853
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-054985-9 / 9780080549859