Guide to Automotive Connectivity and Cybersecurity (eBook)
XXV, 645 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-73512-2 (ISBN)
This comprehensive text/reference presents an in-depth review of the state of the art of automotive connectivity and cybersecurity with regard to trends, technologies, innovations, and applications. The text describes the challenges of the global automotive market, clearly showing where the multitude of innovative activities fit within the overall effort of cutting-edge automotive innovations, and provides an ideal framework for understanding the complexity of automotive connectivity and cybersecurity.
Topics and features: discusses the automotive market, automotive research and development, and automotive electrical/electronic and software technology; examines connected cars and autonomous vehicles, and methodological approaches to cybersecurity to avoid cyber-attacks against vehicles; provides an overview on the automotive industry that introduces the trends driving the automotive industry towards smart mobility and autonomous driving; reviews automotive research and development, offering background on the complexity involved in developing new vehicle models; describes the technologies essential for the evolution of connected cars, such as cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things; presents case studies on Car2Go and car sharing, car hailing and ridesharing, connected parking, and advanced driver assistance systems; includes review questions and exercises at the end of each chapter.The insights offered by this practical guide will be of great value to graduate students, academic researchers and professionals in industry seeking to learn about the advanced methodologies in automotive connectivity and cybersecurity.
Dietmar P. F. Möller is a Professor in the Institute of Applied Stochastics and Operations Research at Clausthal University of Technology (TUC), Germany; a Member of the Simulations Science Center (SWZ) Clausthal-Göttingen, Germany; an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), USA; and an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), USA. He is also a member of the Board of the AMSC (Alabama Modeling and Simulation Council), USA. His other publications include the Springer titles Introduction to Transportation Analysis, Modeling and Simulation (2014) and Guide to Computing Fundamentals in Cyber-Physical Systems (2016).
Roland E. Haas is the Founder and CEO of QSO-Technologies in Bangalore, India. He has more than 20 years of professional experience in senior techno-managerial, business innovation and business development assignments in Germany, USA, India and Japan with broad experience in automotive R&D, aerospace R&D, engineering & IT services, consulting and strategy. As an entrepreneur, he serves as a mentor for startups, a researcher and a book author. He is an honorary professor at the International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-B) and an adjunct faculty member of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc). His teaching is in mechatronics, automotive electronics, car IT, automotive software technologies, information management and virtual product creation.
Dietmar P. F. Möller is a Professor in the Institute of Applied Stochastics and Operations Research at Clausthal University of Technology (TUC), Germany; a Member of the Simulations Science Center (SWZ) Clausthal-Göttingen, Germany; an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), USA; and an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), USA. He is also a member of the Board of the AMSC (Alabama Modeling and Simulation Council), USA. His other publications include the Springer titles Introduction to Transportation Analysis, Modeling and Simulation (2014) and Guide to Computing Fundamentals in Cyber-Physical Systems (2016). Roland E. Haas is the Founder and CEO of QSO-Technologies in Bangalore, India. He has more than 20 years of professional experience in senior techno-managerial, business innovation and business development assignments in Germany, USA, India and Japan with broad experience in automotive R&D, aerospace R&D, engineering & IT services, consulting and strategy. As an entrepreneur, he serves as a mentor for startups, a researcher and a book author. He is an honorary professor at the International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-B) and an adjunct faculty member of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc). His teaching is in mechatronics, automotive electronics, car IT, automotive software technologies, information management and virtual product creation.
Foreword by Thomas Hanschke 6
Foreword by Jerry Hudgins 8
Foreword by Rayford Vaughn and Tommy Morris 10
Preface 12
Contents 19
About the Authors 25
1: Introduction 26
1.1 The Automotive Industry 28
1.2 Scope of This Book 32
1.3 Overview of Topics 34
References and Further Reading 36
Links 36
2: The Automotive Industry 37
2.1 The Automotive Market 37
2.2 The Automotive Megatrends 43
2.2.1 Tighter Emission Controls and the Rise of Electric Vehicles 44
2.2.2 Car Ownership Versus Mobility 47
2.2.3 Connectivity 49
2.2.4 Safety and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems 50
2.2.5 Autonomous Driving 52
2.2.6 Digitalization 53
2.3 Automotive OEMs and Suppliers 54
2.4 New Players and Challenges 57
2.5 The Digital Transformation of the Automotive Industry 58
2.6 Exercises 61
References and Further Reading 63
Links: 66
2013 66
2014 66
2015 67
2016 67
2017 68
2018 68
3: Automotive Research and Development 69
3.1 The Automotive Development Process 70
3.1.1 Requirements Engineering 83
3.1.2 Design as a Multiparameter Optimization Problem 84
3.2 Automotive Modularization and Platforms 87
3.3 Virtual Product Creation 88
3.4 Product Life Cycle Management 93
3.4.1 Loss of Control in Life Cycle Management 94
3.4.2 Systems Engineering Approach 95
3.4.3 Product Life Cycle Stages 97
3.4.4 Software Life Cycle Processes 99
3.5 Exercises 101
References and Further Reading 103
Links 105
4: Automotive E/E and Automotive Software Technology 107
4.1 Mechatronic Systems in the Car 107
4.2 Automotive Electronics 110
4.2.1 Body Electronics 113
4.2.2 Chassis Electronics 116
4.2.3 Comfort Electronics 118
4.2.4 Driver Assistance Electronics 118
4.2.5 Electronic Control Units 122
4.2.6 Entertainment/Infotainment Electronics 124
4.2.7 Sensor Technology 126
4.2.7.1 Sensor Nodes and Networks 129
4.3 E/E Architectures and Topologies 133
4.3.1 Objectives 134
4.3.2 Architectures and Topologies 135
4.3.3 Bus Systems and ISO Standards 138
4.4 Functional Safety 145
4.5 Automotive Software Engineering 150
4.5.1 Increasing Software Content and Product Complexity 151
4.5.2 Model-Based Development 154
4.5.3 Hardware-in-the-Loop Tests 157
4.5.3.1 HIL Test System Architectures 158
4.5.3.2 HIL Test System 162
4.6 AUTOSAR 166
4.7 AUTOSAR Adaptive Platform 171
4.8 GENIVI 171
4.9 Example: Advanced Driver Assistance System 173
4.9.1 ADAS Functionalities 175
4.9.2 ADAS Sensor Types 179
4.9.2.1 RADAR Sensor 181
4.9.2.2 LiDAR Sensor 182
4.9.2.3 Laser Sensor 183
4.9.2.4 Camera Sensor 183
4.9.2.5 Vision Sensor 184
4.9.2.6 Ultrasonic Sensor 184
4.9.3 Pros and Cons of the ADAS Sensor Suite 186
4.10 Trends 187
4.11 Exercises 188
References and Further Reading 191
Links 192
5: The Connected Car 194
5.1 Cyber-Physical Systems 194
5.1.1 Introduction to Cyber-Physical Systems 195
5.1.1.1 Wireless Sensor Networks 196
5.1.1.2 Shared Sensor and Actuator Networks and Control Systems 199
5.1.1.3 Technological Innovations 200
5.1.2 Cyber-Physical Systems Design Recommendations 203
5.1.3 Cyber-Physical Systems Requirements 207
5.1.3.1 Requirements Characteristics 207
5.1.3.2 Requirements Engineering 208
5.1.3.3 Interoperability Requirement 210
5.1.3.4 Real-Time Requirement 211
5.1.4 Cyber-Physical Control Systems 212
5.1.4.1 Proportional Control 216
5.1.4.2 Integral Control 217
5.1.4.3 Derivative Control 218
5.1.4.4 Proportional, Integral, and Derivative Control 219
5.1.5 Cyber-Physical Vehicle Tracking 223
5.1.5.1 Vehicle Tracking 224
5.1.5.2 RFID-Based Vehicle Tracking 225
5.1.5.3 Requirements Analysis 227
5.2 Internet of Things 229
5.2.1 Internet of Things Enabling Technologies 231
5.2.2 RFID and WSN Technology 233
5.3 Telematics, Infotainment, and the Evolution of the Connected Car 237
5.3.1 Telematics 238
5.3.1.1 Carsharing 243
5.3.1.2 Vehicle Insurance 243
5.3.1.3 Smart Ticketing 244
5.3.1.4 Machine-to-Machine Telematics 244
5.3.2 Infotainment 245
5.3.3 Evolution of the Connected Car 247
5.3.3.1 Technology Maturity Levels and Driving Factors 252
5.3.3.2 Business Models in Connected Cars 254
5.4 Platforms and Architectures 256
5.4.1 Connected Car Architecture and Challenges 257
5.4.2 Connected Car Reference Platform 260
5.4.3 Connected Car in the Cloud 261
5.5 Autonomous Vehicles 264
5.6 GENIVI Alliance 270
5.7 Case Studies 272
5.7.1 BMW ConnectedDrive Store 272
5.7.2 Mercedes COMAND Online 275
5.7.3 HERE: Digital Maps for Fully Autonomous Driving 277
5.8 Exercises 280
References and Further Reading 283
Links 286
6: Automotive Cybersecurity 288
6.1 Introduction to Cybersecurity 289
6.1.1 Cybersecurity and Vulnerability 295
6.1.2 Artificial Intelligence 295
6.1.2.1 Artificial Neural Networks 296
6.1.2.2 Evolutionary Algorithms 298
6.1.2.3 Fuzzy Sets 299
6.1.2.4 Genetic Algorithm 300
6.1.2.5 Intelligent Agent 300
6.1.2.6 Artificial Intelligence Methods 301
6.1.2.7 Deep Neural Networks and Deep Learning 304
6.1.3 Control Theory 305
6.1.4 Epidemic Theory 307
6.1.5 Game Theory 310
6.1.6 Graph Theory 314
6.1.7 Importance of Cybersecurity 317
6.1.8 Automotive IT and Cybersecurity 325
6.1.9 Attack Value Chain 330
6.1.10 Holistic Cybersecurity Solutions 332
6.1.10.1 AUTOSAR 334
6.1.10.2 GENIVI 337
6.2 IT Security in Automotive Cyber-Physical Systems 339
6.2.1 Vehicle Network Technologies and Cybersecurity 345
6.2.2 Cyberattack Taxonomy 349
6.3 Hacking and Automotive Attack Surfaces and Vulnerabilities 352
6.3.1 Hacking 352
6.3.2 Automotive Attack Surfaces and Vulnerabilities 353
6.4 Intrusion Detection and Prevention 363
6.4.1 Intrusion Detection 363
6.4.2 Intrusion Prevention 366
6.5 Functional Safety and Security 373
6.5.1 Security for Wireless Mobile Networks 373
6.5.2 Security for Sensor Networks 377
6.5.3 Platform Security 379
6.5.4 Cloud Computing and Data Security 380
6.5.5 Functional Safety 383
6.6 Car Hacking Examples 385
6.6.1 2010: Vehicles Disabled Remotely via Web Application 386
6.6.2 2010 and 2011 CAESS Experimental Analysis 387
6.6.3 2013 Miller and Valasek Physical Hack 388
6.6.4 2015 Miller and Valasek Remote Hack 390
6.7 Exercises 391
References and Further Reading 394
Links 399
7: Mobile Apps for the Connected Car 401
7.1 Automotive IT 402
7.1.1 IT Management and Systems in the Automotive Industry 404
7.2 Agile Software Development 406
7.2.1 Challenges and Two-Speed IT 409
7.3 The Smartphone and App Market 410
7.4 iOS 411
7.4.1 The History of iOS 411
7.4.2 The iOS Platform 412
7.4.3 The iOS Architecture 412
7.5 Xcode 415
7.6 Android 417
7.7 iOS and Android in the Car 419
7.8 Objective-C, Swift, and Java App Development 420
7.8.1 Objective-C 420
7.8.2 Swift 425
7.8.3 Java 426
7.9 A Ride-Sharing Example 426
7.9.1 Core Use Cases 427
7.9.2 OOA 429
7.9.2.1 Nonfunctional Requirements 430
7.9.3 Design 434
7.9.3.1 Client Server Communication 434
7.9.4 The Ridematching Algorithm 435
7.9.5 Using Google Maps 437
7.9.5.1 The Google Maps Directions API 437
Directions Requests 438
7.9.6 A Code Walk Through 439
7.10 Summary and Recommended Readings 453
7.11 Exercises 455
References and Further Readings 457
Links 459
2014 459
2016 460
2017 460
8: Carsharing 461
8.1 The Carsharing Concept 461
8.2 Example car2go 463
8.3 Use Cases and Requirement Analysis for Carsharing 464
8.4 Hardware/Software Modifications for Carsharing 468
8.5 Electric Vehicles and Carsharing 469
8.6 Carsharing Activities by Other OEMs 474
8.7 Cyber Attack Surfaces and Mitigation of Cyber Attacks 475
8.8 Conclusion 476
8.9 Exercises 477
References and Further Reading 479
Links 481
2015 481
2016 481
2017 481
9: Car Hailing and Ridesharing 483
9.1 Introduction 483
9.2 Ride-Hailing Companies and Taxi Aggregators 485
9.3 Example Bangalore 490
9.3.1 Cab Types and Prices 490
9.3.2 Services 492
9.4 Surge Prices 494
9.5 Safety in Ridesharing 494
9.5.1 Problem Background 495
9.5.2 Initiatives to Increase Safety 496
9.5.3 Reported Crime Incidents in Ridesharing 498
9.5.4 Government Policies for Ridesharing Companies 499
9.5.5 Legal Cases and Accusations 500
9.6 Cyberattacks and Cybersecurity in Ridesharing 500
9.7 Conclusion 501
9.8 Exercises 501
References and Further Reading 502
Links 505
2015 505
2016 505
2017 506
10: Connected Parking and Automated Valet Parking 507
10.1 Parking 508
10.2 Connected Parking 509
10.3 Parking Assistance 514
10.4 Automated Valet Parking 515
10.5 Cyber Threats 518
10.6 Intrusion Detection and Prevention 519
10.6.1 Types of Intrusion Detection Systems 519
10.6.2 Attacks Against Connected Cars 520
10.6.3 Artificial Neural Network-Based IDS Implementation 522
10.7 Conclusion and Recommended Readings 525
10.7.1 Cyber Threats and Cybersecurity 525
10.7.2 Recommended Readings 526
10.8 Exercises 526
References and Further Reading 529
Links 532
2014 532
2015 532
2016 532
2017 532
11: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Autonomous Driving 534
11.1 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems 535
11.2 Lane Departure Warning, Lane Keep Assistance, Obstacle Detection, and Crossing Assistance 539
11.2.1 Lane Keeping and Lane Change Assistance 539
11.2.2 Turn Assistance 544
11.2.2.1 Pedestrian Detection and Object Detection Challenges 544
11.2.2.2 Existing Approaches to Object/Pedestrian Detection 545
11.3 Image Processing and Image Analysis 546
11.3.1 Computer Vision and Machine Vision 546
11.3.2 Basic Principles of Image Processing 547
11.3.2.1 Digital Images 547
11.3.2.2 Color Models 548
11.3.2.3 Spatial Filters 549
11.3.2.4 Canny Edge Detection Technique 549
11.3.2.5 Image Thresholding 552
11.3.2.6 Morphological Operation 552
11.3.3 Detection of Moving Objects 554
11.3.3.1 Object Tracking Algorithms 555
Mean-Shift Tracking Algorithm 555
Optical Flow Algorithm 556
Background Subtraction Algorithm 556
11.3.4 Optical Flow Algorithm 559
11.3.4.1 Horn´s Optical Flow Algorithm 559
11.3.4.2 Centroid-Based Approach 563
11.3.5 Implementation Using MATLAB 563
11.3.5.1 Image Processing Toolbox 565
11.3.5.2 Images in MATLAB 566
11.3.5.3 Statistical Functions 566
11.3.5.4 Edge Detection Algorithm 567
11.3.5.5 Morphological Operators 567
11.3.5.6 Matlab Object Tracking Functions and Blocks 568
11.4 Autonomous Driving 570
11.5 Regulations, Public Acceptance, and Liability Issues 579
11.5.1 Regulations and On-Road Approval 579
11.5.2 Toward a Statutory Framework for Autonomous Driving 579
11.5.3 Acceptance of Autonomous Driving and Ethical Difficulties 580
11.5.4 Test on the Autobahn 581
11.6 E/E Architectures and Middleware for Autonomous Driving 582
11.7 Cybersecurity and Functional Safety 587
11.8 Summary, Conclusion, and Recommended Readings 590
11.8.1 Recommended Reading 591
11.9 Exercises 592
References and Further Readings 593
Links 599
2014 599
2015 599
2016 600
2017 600
12: Summary, Final Remarks, Outlook, and Further Reading 602
12.1 Summary 602
12.2 Final Remarks: Wind of Change 604
12.2.1 Frugal Engineering 604
12.2.2 Rise of Asian Markets 605
12.2.3 E-Mobility 606
12.2.4 Fuel Cells 606
12.2.5 Connected Cars 606
12.2.6 Shared Mobility 607
12.2.7 Autonomous Driving 607
12.2.8 Automotive Cybersecurity 608
12.3 Outlook and Further Reading 609
12.3.1 Outlook 609
12.3.1.1 GAFA 610
12.3.2 Further Reading 611
References and Further Readings 612
Links 614
2014 614
2015 614
2016 614
2017 614
Glossary 615
Index 643
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 3.4.2019 |
|---|---|
| Reihe/Serie | Computer Communications and Networks | Computer Communications and Networks |
| Zusatzinfo | XXV, 645 p. 210 illus., 81 illus. in color. |
| Verlagsort | Cham |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Informatik ► Netzwerke ► Sicherheit / Firewall |
| Technik ► Bauwesen | |
| Technik ► Fahrzeugbau / Schiffbau | |
| Schlagworte | Automotive connectivity • Automotive cybersecurity • Automotive R&D • Autonomous Vehicles • connected cars • Mobile Networking |
| ISBN-10 | 3-319-73512-8 / 3319735128 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-3-319-73512-2 / 9783319735122 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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