Emerging Electromagnetic Technologies for Brain Diseases Diagnostics, Monitoring and Therapy (eBook)

Lorenzo Crocco, Irene Karanasiou, Michael L James, Raquel Cruz Conceição (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2018 | 1st ed. 2018
XV, 241 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-75007-1 (ISBN)

Infos

This book highlights one of the most recent advances in the field of microwave imaging. The framework presented offers an innovative and effective way to address the difficulties that arise in microwave imaging, namely the non-linearity and the ill-posedness of the underlying inverse problem. The book provides a comprehensive treatment of this new topic as well as an extensive discussion of the results achieved to date. Featuring both figures and concrete examples, the book equips readers for the practical implementation of these new concepts and the relevant inversion tools.

The book also covers remaining challenges, as well as the prospects of using Virtual Experiments as a tool to address other classes of inverse problems relevant to imaging and diagnostic applications such as ultrasound, elastography, and seismic waves.

The book will be of interest to electrical engineers, applied physicists, and applied mathematicians working on microwave imaging applications. Further, it will be of use to graduate students and researchers working on topics related to inverse problems in wave physics such as microwaves, radio frequencies, ultrasounds, and seismic and elastic waves.

Lorenzo Crocco received his Laurea degree (summa cum laude) in Electronic Engineering and his Ph.D. degree in Applied Electromagnetics from the University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy, in 1995 and 2000 respectively. In 2001, he joined the Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy (IREA-CNR), Naples, Italy, where he is currently Senior Researcher (since 2010). In 2009-2011, he was an Adjunct Professor with Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy, where he is currently a Member of the Board of Ph.D. advisers. In 2014, he was habilitated Professor of Electromagnetic Fields, by the Italian Ministry of Research and University. Since 2013, he has been a lecturer for the European School of Antennas (ESOA). Currently, he is a member of the Management Committee of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action TD1301 on microwave medical imaging. His scientific interests are focused on the development of new methodologies and modelling tools for non-invasive electromagnetic diagnostics, subsurface imaging via ground penetrating, borehole and airborne radars, microwave imaging for medical diagnostics, possibly exploiting contrast agents, as well as on the synthesis of optimal exposure systems for therapeutic uses of electromagnetic fields. With respect to these topics, he has authored or co-authored more than 70 papers in peer reviewed international journals and has been principal investigator or team coordinator for CNR-IREA in several research projects, as well as guest editor of special issues in international peer-reviewed journals. He has co-chaired the IV International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar and the International Conference on GPR in 2012. Moreover, he has convened and organised special sessions and workshops at international conferences (PIERS, IGARSS, EuCAP, EuMW). Dr. Crocco is a Fellow of The Electromagnetics Academy (TEA). He was the recipient of the Barzilai Award for Young Scientists from the Italian Electromagnetic Society (2004) and Young Scientist Awardee at the XXVIII URSI General Assembly (2005). In 2009, he was awarded one of the top young (under 40) scientists of CNR.

Ιrene S. Karanasiou was born in Athens, Greece. She received her Diploma and her Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, in 1999 and 2003, respectively. Since 1999, she has been a Researcher with the Microwave and Fiber Optics Laboratory (MFOL), NTUA and recently she was elected Associate Professor at the Hellenic Military University. She has authored or co-authored more than 140 papers in refereed international journals and conference proceedings. She was the Member of the organising and technical committees of more than 20 International Conferences including IEEE conferences. She has participated in more than 24 funded National and European research projects. Her current research interests include biomedical imaging techniques, medical informatics, bio-electromagnetism, and applications of microwaves in therapy and diagnosis. She is also working in the field of Electroencephalography (EEG), Evoked Potentials (ERPs) and Computational Neuroscience, Functional Brain Imaging (fMRI) and recently Terahertz Technology and Imaging. Dr. Karanasiou is a founding member of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) Greek Chapter and member of the Technical Chamber of Greece. She was the recipient of the Thomaidio Foundation Award for her doctoral dissertation (2004) and three academic journal publications.

Raquel Cruz Conceição was born in Lisbon, Portugal. She is an Invited Assistant Professor at Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, and Postdoctoral Computer Scientist/Biomedical Engineer at the Department of Oncology at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. She holds a PhD in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the National University of Ireland Galway and a Masters in Biomedical Engineering from Universidade Nova de Lisboa, received in 2011 and 2007, respectively. She has 8 years of research experience on the topic of Microwave Imaging, developing techniques to detect and classify breast cancer, and she is the Editor of a title in Springer's book series in Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering: An Introduction to Microwave Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection. She is the chair of COST Action TD1301 (Microwave Medical Applications, MiMed), and organises bi-annual meetings for over 200 research and medical participants from 30 countries. She has secured several research grants since 2005, most significantly a FP7 Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship. She has supervised and mentored 14 Master and PhD students, published 15 journal papers and 26 conference papers, co-authored with over 50 international researchers, acted as reviewer for over 20 journals and conferences, and is Associate Editor for Medical Physics. Also, she has been awarded the ANACOM URSI Portugal prize in 2013 and URSI Young Scientist in 2014, among other 10 prizes and awards.

Michael L. 'Luke' James is board-certified in anaesthesiology, neurology, vascular neurology, and neurocritical care at Duke University MC, NC. While pursuing an active and productive research career, his clinical time is spent attending in the neuroscience critical care unit and providing anaesthesia for complex neurosurgical procedures. As a clinician-scientist, he is uniquely qualified to function as a facilitator for translating promising therapeutic strategies for patients with acute brain injuries from the lab into the clinical research arena. As a founding member of the Brain Injury Translational Research Centre, Dr. James is able to provide a background in which to incorporate his clinical research interests including proteo-genomic interactions after traumatic brain injury and intracerebral haemorrhage. He is specifically interested in the effects of sex and gonadal hormones on recovery and their role in modulating acute inflammation after acute CNS injury. Dr. James is the associate director of the Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories (MNL) at Duke. Investigators in the MNL use a number of different preclinical in vivo and in vitro models to evaluate neuroinflammation and neurobehavioural recovery after acute CNS injuries, including stroke, spinal cord injury, hypoxic-ischemic injury, global ischemia, subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury. While he has evaluated several potentially translatable therapeutics in the past, Dr. James's utilises a number of in vitro and in vivo models, as well as transgenic systems, to discover sex-specific inflammation and recovery patterns after intracerebral haemorrhage to discover targets for therapeutic development.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 10
Editors and Contributors 11
Monitoring of Brain Function in Neurointensive Care: Current State and Future Requirements 14
1 Introduction 14
2 Neuromonitoring 15
2.1 Intracranial Pressure (ICP) 16
2.2 Tissue Oxygenation—PtiO2 17
2.3 Measurement of CBF with Thermal Diffusion Flowmetry 17
2.4 Electrophysiology: Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Evoked Potentials (EPs) 17
2.5 Imaging 17
3 Requirements for a New Neuromonitoring Method 18
References 19
Microwave Technology for Brain Imaging and Monitoring: Physical Foundations, Potential and Limitations 20
1 Introduction and Basics Principles 20
2 On the Choice of the Matching Medium and the Frequency Range 23
2.1 Planar Layered Model 24
2.2 Spherical Layered Model 27
3 Numerical Validation of the Design Parameters Against Realistic Scenarios 30
3.1 Mathematical Background 30
3.2 2D Validation 32
3.3 3D Validation 34
4 Experimental Validation 35
4.1 Head Prototype 35
4.2 Measurement Results 36
5 Design of an Optimal MWI System for Brain Imaging 38
5.1 Mathematical Framework and Tools 38
5.2 Application of the Design Guidelines to a Realistic System 40
6 Conclusions 46
References 46
Continuous Monitoring of Hemorrhagic Strokes via Differential Microwave Imaging 49
1 Introduction 49
2 Continuous Monitoring via Differential Microwave Imaging 50
3 Differential Microwave Imaging of Human Brain 52
3.1 Linear Inversion with Truncated SVD 54
3.2 Linear Sampling Method 55
3.3 Factorization Method 57
4 Experimental Verification 58
5 Conclusion 67
References 68
Electromagnetic Tomography for Brain Imaging and Stroke Diagnostics: Progress Towards Clinical Application 70
1 Introduction and Overview 70
2 The Image Reconstruction Procedure 72
3 Initial Studies with Virtual Data 77
3.1 Detection and Differentiation of Stroke in Virtual Setting 78
3.2 Monitoring of the Development of Tissue Injuries Related to Stroke in Virtual Setting 79
3.3 A Virtual Brain Study 82
4 Brain Imaging and Stroke Diagnostics—First Clinical Results 83
4.1 Description of the Brain Scanner 83
4.2 Hardware and Electronics 85
4.3 Results and Discussion 86
5 Brain Imaging and Stroke Diagnostics—New Laboratory Prototype 89
5.1 Experimental Setup, Hardware and Electronics 89
5.2 Stroke Detection and Differentiation in Experimental Models 92
5.3 3D Image Reconstruction of Experimental Data 93
5.4 3D Image Reconstruction of Virtual Data 93
6 Summary and Conclusion 96
References 96
Microwave Radiometry for Noninvasive Monitoring of Brain Temperature 98
1 Introduction 99
2 Radiometer Theory and Design 102
2.1 Radiometry Theory 102
2.2 Radiometer Design 104
2.3 Radiometer Calibration 105
3 Antenna Theory and Design 106
3.1 Log-Spiral Antenna Design 107
3.2 Radiometry Antenna Efficiency 110
4 Human Head Phantom 111
4.1 Experimental Model of Human Head 112
4.2 Computational Model of Human Head Phantom 113
5 Antenna and Radiometer Characterization 115
5.1 Antenna Bandwidth and Efficiency 115
5.2 Antenna Radiation Patterns 119
5.3 EMI Interference Analysis 122
5.4 Conical Antenna Characterization 122
5.5 Final Experimental Radiometer Design 123
6 Pre-clinical Implementation 125
6.1 Thermal Dosimetry Experiments 125
6.2 Signal Processing and Statistical Analyses 126
7 Clinical Implementation 128
7.1 Probe Location Based on Antenna Matching 129
7.2 Pilot Study 131
8 Concluding Remarks 133
9 Acknowledgements 134
References 135
Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia 139
1 Introduction 140
1.1 Biologic and Physiological Effects of Hyperthermia 141
2 Hyperthermia Modalities 147
3 Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia 149
3.1 MNPs Biocompatibility 150
3.2 MNPs Administration Routes 151
3.3 MNPs Losses 154
4 Feasibility Assessment of MNPH and Clinical Trials 155
4.1 Clinical Trials 156
5 SAR Optimization: State of Art and Current Issues 160
5.1 Constraints on the MF Amplitude and Frequency Employable in MNPH 161
5.2 Results Concerning the Optimum MNP Core Size 165
6 Optimization Criterion for the Choice of the Working Conditions in MNPH 167
6.1 Physical Model Underlying the Proposed Criterion 168
6.2 Optimization Criterion 175
7 Numerical Assessment of the Criterion on a Realistic Model of Human Head 180
7.1 Numerical Phantom 180
7.2 Computation of the Unitary Temperature Increments 182
7.3 Temperature Constraints 183
7.4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Features 183
7.5 Results for peopt, phopt and Hfopt 183
7.6 Results for Hopt, fopt, dopt and cmin 184
7.7 Optimal Temperature Patterns 187
7.8 Clinical Scalability 191
8 Conclusions 192
References 193
Local Treatment of Brain Tumors and the Blood-Brain Barrier 202
1 Introduction 202
2 Structure and Basic Physiology of BBB 203
3 Pathology of BBB 205
3.1 Stroke 205
3.2 Alzheimer Disease (AD) 206
3.3 Parkinson Disease (PD) 206
3.4 Tumors 207
4 Overcoming the BBB Limit 207
4.1 Systems to “Permeabilize” the BBB 208
4.2 Choice of Molecules or Carriers that Can Directly Cross the BBB or Target the BBB 209
4.3 The Nanoparticle Approach (Inorganic Vs. Organic) 210
5 Conclusions and Perspectives 213
References 213
Towards Multispectral Multimodal Non-ionising Diagnosis and Therapy 220
1 Introduction 220
2 Diagnosis 221
2.1 Multimodal Multispectral Monitoring 221
2.2 Microwave-Induced Thermal Acoustic Imaging 223
2.3 Microwave Imaging and Magnetic Resonance 225
2.4 Focused Radiometry with EEG and fNIR for Brain Applications 227
2.5 Multimodal Electrical Impedance Tomography 228
3 Therapy 231
3.1 Radiometry and Hyperthermia 231
3.2 Hybrid Microwave Systems for Focused Hyperthermia and Radiometry 232
3.3 Hybrid Microwave Systems for Ablation with Radiometric Temperature Control 234
3.4 Microwave Ablation and MRI 235
3.5 Multi-scale Sensing—Cancer Theranostics 237
4 Emerging And Other Techniques for Imaging and Therapy 240
4.1 Wireless Intracranial Pressure Monitoring 240
4.2 THz Imaging In Vitro 241
4.3 Microwave Non-thermal Effects 242
5 Conclusions 243
References 243

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 10.3.2018
• Zusatzinfo: XV, 241 p. 83 illus., 78 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Neurologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: brain imaging • electromagnetic waves • microwave Imaging • Non-Invasive Diagnosis • Stroke Diagnosis
• ISBN-10: 3-319-75007-0 / 3319750070
• ISBN-13: 978-3-319-75007-1 / 9783319750071