"What is a dietary supplement?
Congress defined the term dietary supplement in the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994. A dietary supplement is a product taken by mouth that contains a dietary ingredient intended to supplement the diet. The dietary ingredients in these products may include: vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, and substances such as enzymes, organ tissues, glandulars, and metabolites. Dietary supplements can also be extracts or concentrates, and may be found in many forms such as tablets, capsules, softgels, gelcaps, liquids, or powders... DSHEA places dietary supplements in a special category under the general umbrella of foods, not drugs, and requires that every supplement be labeled a dietary supplement.
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ds-oview.html#what
Probiotics and prebiotics are components present in foods, or that can be incorporated into foods, which yield health benefits related to their interactions with the gastrointestinal tract (GI). (Emphasis added.nm)
Probiotic microorganisms can be found in both supplement form and as components of foods and beverages. These bacteria and yeasts have been used for thousands of years to ferment foods. Certain yogurts and other cultured dairy products contain such helpful bacteria, particularly specific strains of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. Not all bacteria present in fermented milk products or yogurt have a probiotic effect. For this reason, in order to consider a Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium a probiotic, the specific strains selected must exert a clinically established health benefit.
Prebiotics are found naturally in many foods, and can also be isolated from plants (e.g., chicory root) or synthesized (e.g., enzymatically, from sucrose)?see below, ?Examples of Probiotics and Prebiotics.? In order for a food ingredient to be classified as a prebiotic, it has to be demonstrated, that it: (a) is not broken down in the stomach or absorbed in the GI tract, (b) is fermented by the gastrointestinal microflora, and (c) most importantly, selectively stimulates the growth and/or activity of intestinal bacteria associated with health and wellbeing.
Probiotic bacteria taken together with prebiotics that support their growth are called ?synbiotics.? Both work together in a synergistic way more efficiently promoting the probiotics? benefits.
International Food Information Council Foundation
http://www.ific.org/publications/factsheets/preprobioticsfs.cfm#Probiotics%20and%20Prebiotics%20Found%20in%20the%20Foods%20We%20Eat
Chart
Examples of Probiotics and Prebiotics
Class/ComponentSource*
Potential Benefit
Probiotics
Certain species and strains of Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, YeastCertain yogurts, other cultured dairy products, and non-dairy applicationsMay improve gastrointestinal health and systemic immunity
Prebiotics
Inulin, Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), Polydextrose, Arabinogalactan, Polyols'lactulose, lactitolWhole grains, onions, bananas, garlic, honey, leeks, artichokes, fortified foods and beverages, dietary supplements and other food applicationsMay improve gastrointestinal health, may improve calcium absorption
Chart adapted from International Food Information Council Foundation: Media Guide on Food Safety and Nutrition: 2004-2006.
*Examples are not an all-inclusive list
Probiotics are now a multi-billion-dollar, dietary supplement business which is built upon extremely little research data. In order to follow the 1994 ruling, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration with the support of Congress is currently pushing this industry to base its claims and products on scientific research. Research as shown that dietary habits need to be altered for most people whether for continued or improved good health. The conclusions and recommendations from the various chapters in this book will provide a basis for those important factors of change by industry with new uses. Animal studies and early clinical ones will lead to new uses and studies. Particularly the cutting edge experimental and clinical studies from Europe will provide novel approaches to clinical uses through their innovative new studies.
Bioactive Foods in Health Promotion: Probiotics and Prebiotics brings together experts working on the different aspects of supplementation, foods, and bacterial preparations, in health promotion and disease prevention, to provide current scientific information, as well as providing a framework upon which to build clinical disease treatment studies.
Since common dietary bacterial preparations are over-the-counter and readily available, this book will be useful to the growing nutrition, food science, and natural product community that will use it as a resource in identifying dietary behavioral modifications in pursuit of improved health as well as for treatment of specific disease, as it focuses on the growing body of knowledge of the role of various bacteria in reducing disease risk and disease.
Feature: Heavy emphasis on clinical applications (benefits and/or lack thereof) as well as future biomedical therapeutic uses identified in animal model studies
Benefits: Focused on therapies and data supporting them for application in clinical medicine as complementary and alternative medicines
Feature: Key insights into gut flora and the potential health benefits thereof.
Benefit: Health scientists and nutritionists will use this information to map out key areas of research. Food scientists will use it in product development.
Feature:Information on pre-and probiotics as important sources of micro-and macronutrients
Benefit: Aids in the development of methods of bio-modification of dietary plant molecules for health promotion.
Feature: Coverage of a broad range of bacterial consituents
Benefits: Nutritionists will use the information to identify which of these constituents should be used as dietary supplements based on health status of an individual
Feature: Science-based information on the health promoting characteristics of pre-and probiotics
Benefits: Provides defense of food selections for individual consumption based on health needs and current status
Feature: Diverse international authoring team experienced in studying prebiotics and probiotics for medical practice
Benefits: Unusally broad range of experiences and newly completed clinical and animal studies provides extended access to latest information"
Bioactive Foods in Promoting Health: Probiotics and Prebiotics brings together experts working on the different aspects of supplementation, foods, and bacterial preparations, in health promotion and disease prevention, to provide current scientific information, as well as providing a framework upon which to build clinical disease treatment studies. Since common dietary bacterial preparations are over-the-counter and readily available, this book will be useful to the growing nutrition, food science, and natural product community that will use it as a resource in identifying dietary behavioral modifications in pursuit of improved health as well as for treatment of specific disease, as it focuses on the growing body of knowledge of the role of various bacteria in reducing disease risk and disease. Probiotics are now a multi-billion-dollar, dietary supplement business which is built upon extremely little research data. In order to follow the 1994 ruling, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration with the support of Congress is currently pushing this industry to base its claims and products on scientific research. Research as shown that dietary habits need to be altered for most people whether for continued or improved good health. The conclusions and recommendations from the various chapters in this book will provide a basis for those important factors of change by industry with new uses. Animal studies and early clinical ones will lead to new uses and studies. Particularly the cutting edge experimental and clinical studies from Europe will provide novel approaches to clinical uses through their innovative new studies. Heavy emphasis on clinical applications (benefits and/or lack thereof) as well as future biomedical therapeutic uses identified in animal model studies Focused on therapies and data supporting them for application in clinical medicine as complementary and alternative medicines Key insights into gut flora and the potential health benefits thereof Health scientists and nutritionists will use this information to map out key areas of research. Food scientists will use it in product development Information on pre-and probiotics as important sources of micro-and macronutrients Aids in the development of methods of bio-modification of dietary plant molecules for health promotion Coverage of a broad range of bacterial consituents Nutritionists will use the information to identify which of these constituents should be used as dietary supplements based on health status of an individual Science-based information on the health promoting characteristics of pre-and probiotics Provides defense of food selections for individual consumption based on health needs and current status Diverse international authoring team experienced in studying prebiotics and probiotics for medical practice Unusally broad range of experiences and newly completed clinical and animal studies provides extended access to latest information
Congress defined the term dietary supplement in the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994. A dietary supplement is a product taken by mouth that contains a dietary ingredient intended to supplement the diet. The dietary ingredients in these products may include: vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, and substances such as enzymes, organ tissues, glandulars, and metabolites. Dietary supplements can also be extracts or concentrates, and may be found in many forms such as tablets, capsules, softgels, gelcaps, liquids, or powders... DSHEA places dietary supplements in a special category under the general umbrella of foods, not drugs, and requires that every supplement be labeled a dietary supplement.
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ds-oview.html#what
Probiotics and prebiotics are components present in foods, or that can be incorporated into foods, which yield health benefits related to their interactions with the gastrointestinal tract (GI). (Emphasis added.nm)
Probiotic microorganisms can be found in both supplement form and as components of foods and beverages. These bacteria and yeasts have been used for thousands of years to ferment foods. Certain yogurts and other cultured dairy products contain such helpful bacteria, particularly specific strains of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. Not all bacteria present in fermented milk products or yogurt have a probiotic effect. For this reason, in order to consider a Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium a probiotic, the specific strains selected must exert a clinically established health benefit.
Prebiotics are found naturally in many foods, and can also be isolated from plants (e.g., chicory root) or synthesized (e.g., enzymatically, from sucrose)?see below, ?Examples of Probiotics and Prebiotics.? In order for a food ingredient to be classified as a prebiotic, it has to be demonstrated, that it: (a) is not broken down in the stomach or absorbed in the GI tract, (b) is fermented by the gastrointestinal microflora, and (c) most importantly, selectively stimulates the growth and/or activity of intestinal bacteria associated with health and wellbeing.
Probiotic bacteria taken together with prebiotics that support their growth are called ?synbiotics.? Both work together in a synergistic way more efficiently promoting the probiotics? benefits.
International Food Information Council Foundation
http://www.ific.org/publications/factsheets/preprobioticsfs.cfm#Probiotics%20and%20Prebiotics%20Found%20in%20the%20Foods%20We%20Eat
Chart
Examples of Probiotics and Prebiotics
Class/ComponentSource*
Potential Benefit
Probiotics
Certain species and strains of Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, YeastCertain yogurts, other cultured dairy products, and non-dairy applicationsMay improve gastrointestinal health and systemic immunity
Prebiotics
Inulin, Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), Polydextrose, Arabinogalactan, Polyols'lactulose, lactitolWhole grains, onions, bananas, garlic, honey, leeks, artichokes, fortified foods and beverages, dietary supplements and other food applicationsMay improve gastrointestinal health, may improve calcium absorption
Chart adapted from International Food Information Council Foundation: Media Guide on Food Safety and Nutrition: 2004-2006.
*Examples are not an all-inclusive list
Probiotics are now a multi-billion-dollar, dietary supplement business which is built upon extremely little research data. In order to follow the 1994 ruling, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration with the support of Congress is currently pushing this industry to base its claims and products on scientific research. Research as shown that dietary habits need to be altered for most people whether for continued or improved good health. The conclusions and recommendations from the various chapters in this book will provide a basis for those important factors of change by industry with new uses. Animal studies and early clinical ones will lead to new uses and studies. Particularly the cutting edge experimental and clinical studies from Europe will provide novel approaches to clinical uses through their innovative new studies.
Bioactive Foods in Health Promotion: Probiotics and Prebiotics brings together experts working on the different aspects of supplementation, foods, and bacterial preparations, in health promotion and disease prevention, to provide current scientific information, as well as providing a framework upon which to build clinical disease treatment studies.
Since common dietary bacterial preparations are over-the-counter and readily available, this book will be useful to the growing nutrition, food science, and natural product community that will use it as a resource in identifying dietary behavioral modifications in pursuit of improved health as well as for treatment of specific disease, as it focuses on the growing body of knowledge of the role of various bacteria in reducing disease risk and disease.
Feature: Heavy emphasis on clinical applications (benefits and/or lack thereof) as well as future biomedical therapeutic uses identified in animal model studies
Benefits: Focused on therapies and data supporting them for application in clinical medicine as complementary and alternative medicines
Feature: Key insights into gut flora and the potential health benefits thereof.
Benefit: Health scientists and nutritionists will use this information to map out key areas of research. Food scientists will use it in product development.
Feature:Information on pre-and probiotics as important sources of micro-and macronutrients
Benefit: Aids in the development of methods of bio-modification of dietary plant molecules for health promotion.
Feature: Coverage of a broad range of bacterial consituents
Benefits: Nutritionists will use the information to identify which of these constituents should be used as dietary supplements based on health status of an individual
Feature: Science-based information on the health promoting characteristics of pre-and probiotics
Benefits: Provides defense of food selections for individual consumption based on health needs and current status
Feature: Diverse international authoring team experienced in studying prebiotics and probiotics for medical practice
Benefits: Unusally broad range of experiences and newly completed clinical and animal studies provides extended access to latest information"
Bioactive Foods in Promoting Health: Probiotics and Prebiotics brings together experts working on the different aspects of supplementation, foods, and bacterial preparations, in health promotion and disease prevention, to provide current scientific information, as well as providing a framework upon which to build clinical disease treatment studies. Since common dietary bacterial preparations are over-the-counter and readily available, this book will be useful to the growing nutrition, food science, and natural product community that will use it as a resource in identifying dietary behavioral modifications in pursuit of improved health as well as for treatment of specific disease, as it focuses on the growing body of knowledge of the role of various bacteria in reducing disease risk and disease. Probiotics are now a multi-billion-dollar, dietary supplement business which is built upon extremely little research data. In order to follow the 1994 ruling, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration with the support of Congress is currently pushing this industry to base its claims and products on scientific research. Research as shown that dietary habits need to be altered for most people whether for continued or improved good health. The conclusions and recommendations from the various chapters in this book will provide a basis for those important factors of change by industry with new uses. Animal studies and early clinical ones will lead to new uses and studies. Particularly the cutting edge experimental and clinical studies from Europe will provide novel approaches to clinical uses through their innovative new studies. Heavy emphasis on clinical applications (benefits and/or lack thereof) as well as future biomedical therapeutic uses identified in animal model studies Focused on therapies and data supporting them for application in clinical medicine as complementary and alternative medicines Key insights into gut flora and the potential health benefits thereof Health scientists and nutritionists will use this information to map out key areas of research. Food scientists will use it in product development Information on pre-and probiotics as important sources of micro-and macronutrients Aids in the development of methods of bio-modification of dietary plant molecules for health promotion Coverage of a broad range of bacterial consituents Nutritionists will use the information to identify which of these constituents should be used as dietary supplements based on health status of an individual Science-based information on the health promoting characteristics of pre-and probiotics Provides defense of food selections for individual consumption based on health needs and current status Diverse international authoring team experienced in studying prebiotics and probiotics for medical practice Unusally broad range of experiences and newly completed clinical and animal studies provides extended access to latest information
Abbreviations
| 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate | cAMP |
| Acidic oligosaccharides | AOS |
| Active hexose correlated compound | AHCC |
| Alginates containing high percentages of mannuronic acid polymers | High-M alginates |
| Alternating IBS | (IBS-A) |
| Antibiotic-associated diarrhea | AAD |
| Atopic eczema | AE |
| Bacterial translocation | BT |
| Bifidobacterium Mixed Species | BSM |
| Blood–brain barrier | BBB |
| Body mass index | BMI |
| Branched-chains fatty acids | BCFA |
| Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea | CDAD |
| Center of Disease Control (in China), The | CDC |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | CSF |
| Chromium-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | CrEDTA |
| Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea | CDAD |
| Colitis ulcerosa (ulcerative colitis) | UC |
| Colony-forming units | CFU |
| Conditional pathogens | CP |
| Conditional susceptibility | CS |
| Confederation of the Food and Drink Industries of the EU (in French) | CIAA |
| Constipation-predominant IBS | (IBS-C) |
| Cow milk allergy | CMA |
| Crohn’s disease | CD |
| Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis | DGGE |
| Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek Theory | DLVO theory |
| Dextran sulfate sodium | DSS |
| Diarrhea-predominant IBS | (IBS-D) |
| Dietary fibers | DF |
| Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid | DNBS |
| Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized intervention trial | DBRCT |
| Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli | EHEC |
| Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli | EIEC |
| Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli | EPEC |
| Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli | ETEC |
| European Food Safety Authority | EFSA |
| Fluorescence in situ hybridization | FISH |
| Food for Specified Health Uses (in Japan) | FOSHU |
| Food with Health Claims (in Japan) | FHC |
| Food with Nutrient Function Claims (in Japan) | FNFC |
| Fructo-oligosaccharides | FOS |
| Gastrointestinal tract | GIT |
| Gastrointestinal | GI |
| Generally Recognised As Safe | GRAS |
| Genetically modified organisms | GMOs |
| Germinated barley foodstuff | GBF |
| Global symptom scores | GSS |
| Glutathione peroxidase | GPO |
| Group B Streptococcus | GBS |
| Gut-associated lymphoid tissue | GALT |
| Human intestinal epithelial cell line from colorectal adenocarcinoma | Caco-2 |
| Human intestinal epithelial cell line from colorectal carcinoma | T84 |
| Human milk oligosaccharides | HMOS |
| Immunoglobulin M | IgM |
| Inducible nitric oxide synthase | iNOS |
| Infant milk formula | IMF |
| Inflammatory bowel diseases | IBD |
| Inhibitory protein κB | IκB |
| Interleukin | IL |
| International Life Science Institutes | ILSI |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | IBS |
| Joint Health Claims Initiative (in UK) | JHCI |
| Lactic acid bacteria | LAB |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG | LLG |
| Lipopolysaccharide | LPS |
| Mesenteric lymph nodes | MLN |
| Microentrapment | ME |
| Minimal inhibitory concentration | MIC |
| Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (in Japan) | MHLW |
| Mitogen-activated protein kinase | MAPK |
| Mucin | MUC |
| Myeloperoxidase | MPO |
| National Health Surveillance Agency (in Brazil) | ANVISA |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | NEC |
| Neonatal sepsis and meningitis | NSM |
| Non-digestible oligosaccharides | NDOs |
| Non-pathogenic microbiota | NP |
| Non-susceptibility | NS |
| No-observed-adverse-effect level | NOAEL |
| Nuclear factor κB | NFκB |
| Nucleotide oligomerization domain | NOD |
| Nutrition and Health Claim | NHC |
| Oligofructose | OF |
| Oligosaccharides | OS |
| Oral rehydration solution | ORS |
| Peptidoglycan | PGN |
| Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase | PI3K |
| Phosphoenolpyruvate transport system | PTS |
| Phosphotransferase system | PTS |
| Polydextrose | PDX |
| Polyethylene glycol | PEG |
| Protein kinase C | PKC |
| Qualified Perception of Safety | QPS |
| Qualified presumption of safety | QPS |
| Randomized control trial | RCT |
| Raw potato starch | RPS |
| Reactive oxygen species | ROS |
| Resistant starches | RS |
| Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition | SCAN |
| Scientific Committee on Food | SCF |
| Scoring index for atopic dermatitis | SCORAD |
| Senescence-accelerated mouse | SAM |
| Severe combined immunodeficiency | SCID |
| Sexually transmitted diseases | STD |
| Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides | SC-FOS |
| Short circuit current | Isc |
| Short-chain fatty acids | SCFAs |
| Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth | SIBO |
| Soluble dietary fiber | SDF |
| Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis | SBP |
| Spray coating | SC |
| State Food and Drug Administration (in China), The | SFDA |
| Superoxide dismutases | SODs |
| Systemic inflammatory response syndrome | SIRS |
| Technical Scientific Commission on Functional Foods and Novel Foods (in Brazil) | CTCAF |
| Tight junction | TJ |
| Toll-like receptors | TLRs |
| (trans-)galacto-oligosaccharides | TOS or GOS |
| Transgalactosylated oligosaccharides | TOS |
| Transepithelial electrical resistance | TEER |
| Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid | TNBS |
| Tumor necrosis factor | TNF |
| Unconditional pathogens | UP |
| Unconditional susceptibility | US |
| Very low birth weight | VLBW |
| Water availability | aw |
| Widespread antibiotic... |
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 6.4.2010 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Gesundheit / Leben / Psychologie |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika | |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe ► Diätassistenz / Ernährungsberatung | |
| Technik ► Lebensmitteltechnologie | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-08-095854-0 / 0080958540 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-095854-5 / 9780080958545 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
PDF (Adobe DRM)Größe: 5,5 MB
Kopierschutz: Adobe-DRM
Adobe-DRM ist ein Kopierschutz, der das eBook vor Mißbrauch schützen soll. Dabei wird das eBook bereits beim Download auf Ihre persönliche Adobe-ID autorisiert. Lesen können Sie das eBook dann nur auf den Geräten, welche ebenfalls auf Ihre Adobe-ID registriert sind.
Details zum Adobe-DRM
Dateiformat: PDF (Portable Document Format)
Mit einem festen Seitenlayout eignet sich die PDF besonders für Fachbücher mit Spalten, Tabellen und Abbildungen. Eine PDF kann auf fast allen Geräten angezeigt werden, ist aber für kleine Displays (Smartphone, eReader) nur eingeschränkt geeignet.
Systemvoraussetzungen:
PC/Mac: Mit einem PC oder Mac können Sie dieses eBook lesen. Sie benötigen eine
eReader: Dieses eBook kann mit (fast) allen eBook-Readern gelesen werden. Mit dem amazon-Kindle ist es aber nicht kompatibel.
Smartphone/Tablet: Egal ob Apple oder Android, dieses eBook können Sie lesen. Sie benötigen eine
Geräteliste und zusätzliche Hinweise
Zusätzliches Feature: Online Lesen
Dieses eBook können Sie zusätzlich zum Download auch online im Webbrowser lesen.
Buying eBooks from abroad
For tax law reasons we can sell eBooks just within Germany and Switzerland. Regrettably we cannot fulfill eBook-orders from other countries.
EPUB (Adobe DRM)Größe: 7,9 MB
Kopierschutz: Adobe-DRM
Adobe-DRM ist ein Kopierschutz, der das eBook vor Mißbrauch schützen soll. Dabei wird das eBook bereits beim Download auf Ihre persönliche Adobe-ID autorisiert. Lesen können Sie das eBook dann nur auf den Geräten, welche ebenfalls auf Ihre Adobe-ID registriert sind.
Details zum Adobe-DRM
Dateiformat: EPUB (Electronic Publication)
EPUB ist ein offener Standard für eBooks und eignet sich besonders zur Darstellung von Belletristik und Sachbüchern. Der Fließtext wird dynamisch an die Display- und Schriftgröße angepasst. Auch für mobile Lesegeräte ist EPUB daher gut geeignet.
Systemvoraussetzungen:
PC/Mac: Mit einem PC oder Mac können Sie dieses eBook lesen. Sie benötigen eine
eReader: Dieses eBook kann mit (fast) allen eBook-Readern gelesen werden. Mit dem amazon-Kindle ist es aber nicht kompatibel.
Smartphone/Tablet: Egal ob Apple oder Android, dieses eBook können Sie lesen. Sie benötigen eine
Geräteliste und zusätzliche Hinweise
Zusätzliches Feature: Online Lesen
Dieses eBook können Sie zusätzlich zum Download auch online im Webbrowser lesen.
Buying eBooks from abroad
For tax law reasons we can sell eBooks just within Germany and Switzerland. Regrettably we cannot fulfill eBook-orders from other countries.
Mehr entdecken
aus dem Bereich
aus dem Bereich
Unter Mitarbeit von Walter Burghardt
eBook Download (2020)
Urban & Fischer Verlag - Lehrbücher
CHF 53,70
Stoffwechsel - Bioverfügbarkeit - Diagnostik
eBook Download (2021)
Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Verlag)
CHF 45,90
