Agricultural Biotechnology in China (eBook)

Origins and Prospects

Valerie J. Karplus, Xing Wang Deng (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2007 | 2008
XXIII, 165 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-0-387-71139-3 (ISBN)

Infos

Agricultural Biotechnology in China: Origins and Prospects is a comprehensive examination of how the origins of biotechnology research agendas, along with the effectiveness of the seed delivery system and biosafety oversight, help to explain current patterns of crop development and adoption in China. Based on firsthand insights from China's laboratories and farms, Valerie Karplus and Dr. Xing Wang Deng explore the implications of China's investment for the nation's rural development, environmental footprint, as well as its global scientific and economic competitiveness.

Valerie J. Karplus graduated from Yale University in 2002 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Political Science. She lived in China for two years, where she researched the development and impact of agricultural biotechnology in China while based at the China Agricultural University (2002-2003) and National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing (2005-2006). Currently she is pursuing graduate study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Dr. Xing Wang Deng is the Daniel C. Eaton Professor of Plant Biology at Yale University. His scientific work focuses on the molecular and genomic basis for plant development and agricultural biotechnology. He also serves as the co-director of the National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing and the founding director of the Peking-Yale Joint Research Center of Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-biotechnology. He has led a research team that has published well over a hundred peer-reviewed articles in his area of research.

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Scientists in China's laboratories have developed hundreds of transgenic crops, but only one is insect-resistant cotton and planted widely on farms. This apparent paradox has inspired the writing of this book Agricultural Biotechnology in China: Origins and Prospects. Against the backdrop of ongoing global controversy over the safety and benefits of transgenic crops, this book focuses on two key questions: 1) What historical as well as recent economic, political and social developments account for China's sizeable investment in research on transgenic crops and the apparent mismatch between laboratory and commercial activity?; and 2) What are the chances that transgenic crops will be introduced on a large scale in China, and if so, what are the potential benefits, drawbacks, and constraints associated with widespread adoption? These questions are particularly timely as China's regulators may soon approve transgenic rice for commercial planting, making it the first food crop to be grown on a large scale in China. China's investment in transgenic crops is driven as much by a broader science and technology development agenda as by the needs of its agricultural sector. Therefore, China's policymakers can securely pursue the first goal while postponing adoption decisions, which are likely to depend on the technology's greater global acceptance and the strength of regulatory oversight, extension mechanisms, and demonstrated need in China's rural areas. The authors begin by describing the origins of China's earliest agrarian civilizations and how agricultural technology historically contributed to the emergence, rise, and fall of states and dynasties. The book then focuses on how post-industrial advances in chemistry and biology led to the development of technologies (including high-yielding seeds, pesticides, and fertilizers) that ushered in a period of expanding global harvests in the mid-20th Century known as the Green Revolution. The political, economic, and social factors that influenced the patterns of adoption as well as the successes and shortcomings of Green Revolution technologies in China are then explored in detail. The authors then introduce transgenic crops - the origins, tools and techniques, and initial patterns of market acceptance or rejection worldwide - describe in depth why, where, and how research on transgenic crops first began in China. This section evaluates the effectiveness of policies that promoted science and technology development as part of the post-1978 reform agenda, and suggests why support for agricultural biotechnology-and transgenic crops in particular-was included alongside land and market reforms. The authors move on to questions related to adoption of transgenic crops in China, looking first at how structural changes in the seed industry and the introduction of value-added varieties are changing age-old relationships between farmers and seed providers. In the final chapters, the authors present how well suited transgenic crops may be to meeting persistent and emerging challenges facing China's agricultural sector today.

Inhalt

Foreword 7
Preface 8
Contents 12
List of Figures 15
List of Acronyms 18
Introduction 19
From Seeds to Empires: China’s Long Agricultural History 22
Modern Science on the Farm: The Green Revolution 34
Transformation in China’s Agriculture in the Twentieth Century 44
Agricultural Biotechnology: New Tools for Ancient Practices 62
Agricultural Biotechnology Takes Root in China 72
From Lab to Field: A Changing Seed Delivery System 95
China’s First Transgenic Crops: Farm Level Impact 109
Biosafety and China’s Regulatory Policy 121
Looking to the Future: Trends in Research and Rural Development Agendas 138
Conclusion 149
References 156
About the Authors 167

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 24.11.2007
• Zusatzinfo: XXIII, 165 p.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Botanik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• Schlagworte: Agricultural Economics • Agriculture • agrobiotechnology • Biotechnology • China • currentjks • Evolution • Plant Biotechnology • plant science • transgen
• ISBN-10: 0-387-71139-2 / 0387711392
• ISBN-13: 978-0-387-71139-3 / 9780387711393