Regulatory Networks in Stem Cells (eBook)

Vinagolu K. Rajasekhar (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2009 | 2009
XXI, 601 Seiten
Humana Press (Verlag)
978-1-60327-227-8 (ISBN)

Infos

Stem cells appear to be fundamental cellular units associated with the origin of multicellular organisms and have evolved to function in safeguarding the cellular homeostasis in organ t- sues. The characteristics of stem cells that distinguish them from other cells have been the fascinating subjects of stem cell research. The important properties of stem cells, such as ma- tenance of quiescence, self-renewal capacity, and differentiation potential, have propelled this exciting ?eld and presently form a common theme of research in developmental biology and medicine. The derivation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells, the prospective identi?cation of multipotent adult stem cells, and, more recently, the induced pluripotent stem cells (popularly called iPS) are important milestones in the arena of stem cell biology. Complex networks of transcription factors, different signaling molecules, and the interaction of genetic and epi- netic events constantly modulate stem cell behavior to evoke programming and reprogramming processes in normal tissue homeostasis during development. In any given cellular scenario, the regulatory networks can pose considerable complexity and yet exert an orderly control of stem cell differentiation during normal development. An aberration in these ?nely tuned processes during development usually results in a spectrum of diseases such as cancers and neurological disorders. Thisunderscorestheimminentneedforamorecompleteunderstandingofmolecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory circuitries required for stem cell maintenance. Overthepast3-5years,adiversegroupofbenchandphysicianscientistshaveprospectively enhanced our knowledge of stem cell biology. These studies are unveiling many unrecognized or previously unknown fundamentals of developmental biology.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 12
Part I Molecular Regulation in Stem Cells 21
The Molecular Basis of Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal 22
Stephen Dalton 22
Asymmetric Behavior in Stem Cells 31
Bridget M. Deasy 31
Determinants of Pluripotency in Mouse and Human EmbryonicStem Cells 44
Leon M. Ptaszek and Chad A. Cowan 44
Maintenance of Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by Nanog-Mediated Dedifferentiation of Committed Mesoderm Progenitors 54
Atsushi Suzuki, Ángel Raya, Yasuhiko Kawakami, Masanobu Morita, Takaaki Matsui, Kinichi Nakashima, Fred H. Gage, Concepción Rodríguez-Esteban and Juan Carlos Izpisúa Belmonte 54
Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Germ Cell Development 71
Nina J. Kossack, Joerg Gromoll, and Renee A. Reijo Pera 71
Genomic Stability in Stem Cells 82
Irene Riz and Robert G. Hawley 82
Genetic Manipulation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 90
Dimitris G. Placantonakis, Mark J. Tomishima, Fabien G. Lafaille, and Lorenz Studer 90
Transcriptional Networks Regulating Embryonic Stem CellFate Decisions 102
Emily Walker and William L. Stanford 102
Use of Zebrafish to Dissect Gene Programs RegulatingHematopoietic Stem Cells 116
Colleen E. Albacker and Leonard I. Zon 116
HOXB4 in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Regulation 125
Mohan C. Vemuri 125
Telomere and Telomerase for the Regulation of Stem Cells 136
Eiso Hiyama and Keiko Hiyama 136
The Role of Mitochondria in Stem Cell Biology 147
Claudia Nesti, Livia Pasquali, Michelangelo Mancuso, and Gabriele Siciliano 147
Part II Regulation by Stem Cell Niches 156
Stem Cells and Stem Cell Niches in Tissue Homeostasis: Lessons from the Expanding Stem Cell Populations of Drosophila 157
Yukiko M. Yamashita 157
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Control of Germline Stem Cell Regulation in the Drosophila Ovary 165
Nian Zhang and Ting Xie 165
The Niche Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells 174
Hiroko Iwasaki and Toshio Suda 174
Environmental Signals Regulating Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Growth and Differentiation 183
Meirav Pevsner-Fischer and Dov Zipori 183
Microenvironmental Regulation of Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells 193
Thomas P. Lozito, Catherine M. Kolf and Rocky S. Tuan 193
Stem Cells, Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors 219
Suzanne M. Watt, Grigorios Tsaknakis, Sinead P. Forde and Lee Carpenter 219
Part III Epigenetic Mechanisms in Stem Cells 240
Stem Cell Epigenetics 241
Joyce E. Ohm and Stephen B. Baylin 241
Epigenetic Signature of Embryonal Stem Cells: A DNA Methylation Perspective 253
Monther Abu-Remaileh and Yehudit Bergman 253
Epigenetic Basis for Differentiation Plasticity in Stem Cells 263
Philippe Collas, Sanna Timoskainen and Agate Noer 263
Role of DNA Methylation and Epigenetics in Stem Cells 275
Bhaskar Thyagarajan and Mahendra Rao 275
DNA Methylation and the Epigenetic Program in Stem Cells 283
Laurie Jackson-Grusby 283
Polycomb Group Protein Homeostasis in Stem Cell Identity -- A Hypothetical Appraisal 290
Vinagolu K. Rajasekhar 290
Part IV Signaling and Regulation in Select Stem Cell Types 296
Signaling Pathways in Embryonic Stem Cells 297
D. Reynolds, Ludovic Vallier, Zhenzhi Chng and Roger Pedersen 297
Regulation of Stem Cell Systems by PI3K/Akt Signaling 312
Tohru Kimura and Toru Nakano 312
Endothelial Ontogeny During Embryogenesis: Role of CytokineSignaling Pathways 321
Daylon James, Marco Seandel and Shahin Rafii 321
Signaling Networks in Mesenchymal Stem Cells 330
Vivek M. Tanavde, Lailing Liew, Jiahao Lim and Felicia Ng 330
Single-Cell Approaches to Dissect Cellular Signaling Networks 337
Weijia Wang and Julie Audet 337
Hematopoietic Stem Cells 346
Malcolm A.S. Moore 346
Renal Stem Cells and Kidney Regeneration 377
Takashi Yokoo, Akira Fukui, Kei Matsumoto and Tetsuya Kawamura 377
The Endometrium: A Novel Source of Adult Stem/Progenitor Cells 389
Caroline E. Gargett and Kjiana E. Schwab 389
Epithelial Stem Cells and the Development of the Thymus,Parathyroid, and Skin 403
Chew-Li Soh, Joanna M.C. Lim, Richard L. Boyd and Ann P. Chidgey 403
Hepatic Stem Cells and Liver Development 436
Nalu Navarro-Alvarez, Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez and Naoya Kobayashi 436
Part V Disease Paradigms and Stem Cell Therapeutics 467
The Idea and Evidence for the Tumor Stemness Switch 468
Bikul Das, Rika Tsuchida, Sylvain Baruchel, David Malkin and Herman Yeger 468
The Role of the Tumor Suppressor Fhit in Cancer-Initiating Cells 483
Hideshi Ishii 483
History of Cancer Stem Cells 488
Stewart Sell 488
Immune Responses to Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells 497
Xiao-Feng Yang and Hong Wang 497
Leukemic Stem Cells: New Therapeutic Targets? 511
Dominique Bonnet 511
Solid Tumor Stem Cells -- Implications for Cancer Therapy 519
Tobias Schatton, Natasha Y. Frank and Markus H. Frank 519
Therapeutic Approaches to Target Cancer Stem Cells 536
Lisa R. Rogers and Maxs Wicha 536
Preclinical Evidence for Cellular Therapy as a Treatmentfor Neurological Disease 552
Matthew T. Harting, Charles S. Cox and Stephen G. Hall 552
Improving Memory with Stem Cell Transplantation 565
Mathew Blurton-Jones, Tritia R. Yamasaki and Frank M. LaFerla 565
Index 574

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 4.3.2009
• Reihe/Serie: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
• Reihe/Serie: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
• Zusatzinfo: XIX, 601 p.
• Verlagsort: Totowa
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Histologie / Embryologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) ► Humangenetik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Medizintechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Schlagworte: anatomy • Cells • Developmental Biology • DNA • Endothelium • Expression • gene expression • genes • Genetics • miRNAs • Molecular Biology • ontogeny • Surgery • Telomere • transcription
• ISBN-10: 1-60327-227-5 / 1603272275
• ISBN-13: 978-1-60327-227-8 / 9781603272278