The Amazon Várzea (eBook)

The Decade Past and the Decade Ahead

Miguel Pinedo-Vasquez, Mauro L. Ruffino, Christine Padoch, Eduardo S. Brondízio (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2010 | 2011
XXXIX, 362 Seiten
Springer Netherland (Verlag)
978-94-007-0146-5 (ISBN)

Infos

This book takes a multi-disciplinary and critical look at what has changed over the last ten years in one of the world's most important and dynamic ecosystems, the Amazon floodplain or várzea. It also looks forward, assessing the trends that will determine the fate of environments and people of the várzea over the next ten years and providing crucial information that is needed to formulate strategies for confronting these looming realities.

Inhalt

Introduction 6
Social, Political, and Economic Changes 8
Urbanization Processes and Rural Production, Peru and Brazil 13
Advances in Research, Conservation, and Development: ProVárzea 13
Conclusion 14
References 15
Part I 42
Introduction: Human Society in the Várzea: A History of Change and Adaptation to Contextual Uncertainties 43
1 Introduction 43
2 Várzea: The Big Picture 47
References 49
Life is Hard, Life is Beautiful: Some Perspectives on Health and Aging in Amazonian Rural Populations 51
1 Introduction 51
2 The Study Populations 52
3 General Health Trends 54
3.1 Nutrition, Growth, and Development 56
3.2 Clinical Health 58
3.3 Morbidity by Poisonous Animals and Malaria 63
3.4 Oral Health 64
3.5 Women’s Health 66
3.6 Conditions Especially Affecting the Elderly 67
3.7 Mortality 69
4 Making Sense of It All: Caboclos’ Health, Disease, and Socioecological Differences 69
5 Conclusions 72
References 73
The Floodplain of the Lower Amazonas a Historical Place 77
1 Introduction 77
2 The Colonization of the Lower Amazon Floodplain, 1660s–1830s 79
3 Economic Activities and Colonial Conflict 84
4 Conclusion 87
References 89
Socioeconomic Dynamics, Public Policies, and Migration in the Várzea of the Upper Solimões 92
1 Introduction 92
2 The Human Occupation of the Várzea of the Upper Solimões 94
3 Public Policies, Urbanization, and Migration 96
4 Migration and Public Policies 99
5 Conclusions 101
References 103
Proposals, Experiences, and Advances in the Legalization of Land Tenure in the Várzea 105
1 Introduction 106
2 Geography of the Amazonian Várzea 107
3 Definition of the Legal Nature and Ownership of Várzea 109
4 Legal Instruments and the Authority to Legalize Land Tenure in Várzea 111
5 Premises for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in the Várzea 115
5.1 Management of Rural Properties 116
5.2 Water as a New Element for Structuring Environmental Management 117
6 Conclusion 118
References 119
Cities Along the Floodplain of the Brazilian Amazon: Characteristics and Trends 121
1 Introduction 122
2 Floodplain Cities of the Solimões and Amazon Rivers and the Estuary 124
3 An Historical Overview of Floodplain Cities 126
4 Cities in the Amazonian Floodplains: Characteristics and Trends 128
4.1 Population, Urbanization and Infrastructure 128
4.2 Trends 133
References 135
Part II 136
Introduction: Amazon Fisheries 137
Impacts of the Comanagement of Subsistence and Commercial Fishing on Amazon Fisheries1 142
1 Introduction 143
2 The Impact of Comanagement on the Extractive Use and Productivity of Lakes in the Várzea of the Lower Amazon 144
2.1 Fishing 144
2.2 Agriculture 145
2.3 Household Income 145
2.4 Community Management 146
3 The Commercial Fishing Fleet in Amazonia and the Comanagement in the Lower Amazon 147
4 Interactions Between Commercial and Subsistence Fishing in the Lower Amazon: Using a Bioeconomic Model 148
5 Possible Impacts of Further Proliferation of Comanagement Agreements 150
References 151
Integrating Comanagement and Land Tenure Policies for the Sustainable Management of the Lower Amazon Floodplain 153
1 Introduction 154
2 Lower Amazon Várzea Ecology and Settlement 155
3 Development of a Fisheries Comanagement System in the Santarém Region 156
4 Land Tenure Regularization 160
5 Discussion 165
6 Conclusions 167
References 167
Management of Wildlife in the Floodplain: A Critical Look at Threats, Bottlenecks, and the Future in Amazonia 170
1 Introduction 171
2 The Legal Bottleneck 172
3 The Risks of Rupturing the Bottlenecks That Protect the Fauna 172
4 Economic Exploitation Disguised as Management 173
5 One Terrible Example of Mismanagement 173
6 Good Management for the Next Decade 174
7 The Management Unit 175
8 The Amazonian Caimans, a Case Study 175
References 176
Comanagement of the Application of Fisheries Resources in the Amazon: Present Status and Challenges for Management and Conserva 178
1 Introduction 179
2 The Structure or Classification of Fisheries in the Amazon 180
3 The Management of Fisheries Resources in the Amazon and the Progress Made in the Comanagement of the Application of these 184
4 The Sustainability of Community Management in the Amazon 188
5 Conditions and Opportunities for Fisheries Resources Management in Transboundary Basins 191
5.1 The Role of International Agreements and Conventions on Fisheries Management 191
5.2 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species 191
5.3 The Application of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Transborder Basins 191
5.4 The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) 192
5.5 The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands 193
5.6 Commission for Inland Fisheries of Latin America (COPESCAL) 194
5.7 Amazon Cooperation Treaty (TCA) 194
6 Conclusion 195
7 Recommendations 195
References 196
Part III 199
Introduction: Management and Conservation of Terrestrial Resources 200
River and Human Legacies in Amazonian Floodplain Postagricultural Forests 203
1 Introduction 204
2 Methods 205
2.1 Study Area 205
2.2 Sampling Procedures 206
2.3 Data Analysis 206
3 Results 208
4 Discussion 211
References 214
Várzea Forests: Multifunctionality as a Resource for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity 216
1 Introduction 217
2 The Várzea Environment, Várzea Residents 219
2.1 Várzea as Dynamic Environment 219
2.2 Várzea as Residence 220
3 Interdependencies of Natural and Human Systems 221
3.1 The “Working Forests” on the Várzea 221
3.2 The Lens of Multifunctionality 222
4 Várzea Forest Transitional Processes 224
4.1 Conversion of Agricultural Field to Working Forest 224
4.2 Fallow Forestry and Enrichment 227
4.3 Collective Action for Productive Conservation 230
4.4 Pasture Restoration 231
5 Conclusions 232
References 234
Forest Resources, Family Networks and the Municipal Disconnect: Examining Recurrent Underdevelopment in the Amazon Estuary 236
1 Introduction 237
2 Beyond Culture Shock? Longitudinal Researchand Development Déjà Vu 239
2.1 Reflections on Longitudinal Research 239
2.2 Walking a Fine Line: Discussing Poverty and Development in the Amazon Estuary 241
3 A Short Overview of the Emergence of the AçaíPalm Economy 245
3.1 The Emergence of a Forest Transition in the Estuary 246
4 Discussion 248
4.1 Family Networks and the Municipality Disconnection 248
4.2 Global Market Pressures and Local Commodification of Resources 252
5 Concluding Remarks and Policy Reflections 255
References 257
Part IV 259
Introduction: Strategies for Socialand Environmental Conservationin Conservation Units 260
1 Introduction 260
2 Linking Conservation to the Interests of Local Peoples 261
3 Linking Conservation to Core Nationaland Global Interests 263
References 265
Protected Areas of Sustainable Use, Involvement of Social Actors, and Biodiversity Conservation in the Várzea: The Case of th 267
1 Introduction 268
2 Some Historical Remarks on Mamirauáas a Protected Area 272
3 Natural Resource Use, Traditional and New Managements 273
4 Local Livelihoods and Quality of Life 278
References 284
Participatory Conservation and Local Knowledge in the Amazon Várzea: The Pirarucu Management Scheme in Mamirauá 286
1 Introduction 287
2 Methods 288
3 The Pirarucu Fishery in Mamirauá 289
3.1 The Study Area, Its People, and the Pirarucu 289
3.2 Attempts to Manage the Pirarucu 290
3.3 Participatory Research and Management of Pirarucu in Mamirauá 290
3.4 Large-Scale Implementation of the Management Scheme 293
4 Discussion 295
4.1 The Contribution of Local Knowledge 295
4.2 The Effectiveness of Pirarucu Conservation 296
4.3 Improving the Use of Local Knowledge in Participatory Conservation 297
References 298
The Political Economy of Resentment: A Result of Public Policies That Become Government Policies? 301
1 Preamble: Regarding the Hierarchical Characterof Brazilian Society 301
2 Brazil’s Extractive Reserves 302
3 The Development of Extractive Reserves 305
4 Some Reflections: Looking at History as Cultureand Vice Versa 307
5 Some Final Considerations and a Few Conclusions 308
References 309
Comments on Socioenvironmental Conservation Strategies in Protected Areas of the Amazon Várzea 311
References 318
Part V 320
A Tribute to José Márcio Ayres 321
The Contribution of Márcio Ayres to a Transdisciplinary Approach to Conservation.1 324
Márcio Ayres: New Approaches to the Conservation and Management of Protected Areas in Amazônia 331
The River-Refuge Hypothesis and Other Contributions of Márcio Ayres to Conservation Science 337
1 Introduction 338
2 Implications for Conservation 339
2.1 A One-Way Street between Speciation Theories and Amazonian Conservation 339
2.2 Parks, Reserves, and Networks 341
3 Márcio Ayres on the Várzea and Conservation Science 341
References 342
ProVárzea’s Impact on Regional Development 346
1 Introduction 347
2 Intervention Strategies 348
3 Main Results 348
4 Conclusions 352
5 Lessons Learned 354
Guidelines for Public Policies and Investment in Science and Technology in the Várzea 355
1 Introduction 355
1.1 Challenges for a Science and TechnologyAgenda for Amazonia 356
1.2 Challenges for the Amazon Várzea 358
2 Suggestions for a Research Agenda and Investmentin Science and Technology 359
2.1 Social and Demographic Dynamics 359
2.2 Aquatic Resource Management and Conservation 360
2.3 Conservation and Management of Terrestrial Resources 361
2.4 Socioenvironmental Conservation Strategies in Conservation Units 361
2.5 Public Policy Issues 361
3 Final Remarks 362
References 363
The Várzea: Old Challenges and New Demands for Integrated Research in the Coming Decade 365
1 Introduction 366
2 Lessons Learned 366
2.1 Socioecological Complexities of the Amazonian Várzea 366
2.2 Production and Conservation on the Várzea 368
2.3 Evolving Institutional Arrangements 371
3 The Decade Ahead 373
References 375

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 30.11.2010
• Zusatzinfo: XXXIX, 362 p.
• Verlagsort: Dordrecht
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geografie / Kartografie
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• Schlagworte: amazon • Amazon fisheries • Amazon floodplain • caboclo • Fish and Wildlife Biology • forestry management • varzea
• ISBN-10: 94-007-0146-2 / 9400701462
• ISBN-13: 978-94-007-0146-5 / 9789400701465