Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry (eBook)

Principles and Practice

Anthony C. Hackney (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF | EPUB

2016 | 1. Auflage
136 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-12-809691-8 (ISBN)

Infos

A new volume in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series, Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry: Principles and Practice focuses on the basic and applied aspects of energy metabolism in humans. Concise and scientific, yet intelligible to the nonscientist, the book consists of two parts. Part I, Introduction: Basics and Background, provides the biochemistry necessary to understand the rest of the book and describes analytical processes and results as an aid to grasping the science. Part II, Applications: Knowledge into Practice, explores measurement techniques for metabolism, energy expenditure of various activities, techniques that enhance expenditure, metabolic adaptation, foods and drugs that enhance expenditure, and the role of bioanalytical chemistry in future research in exercise and sport. Discussion of the benefits of exercise and practices for improving the capacity to perform exercise is illustrated by many useful and entertaining examples. This volume allows readers to come away with a grasp of the scientific concepts, how they are manifested in research techniques, and how the results of research can be applied in the real world of public health and personal development. The Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series is published in partnership with RTI International and edited by Brian F. Thomas. Please be sure to check out our other featured volumes: - Thomas, Brian F. and ElSohly, Mahmoud. The Analytical Chemistry of Cannabis: Quality Assessment, Assurance, and Regulation of Medicinal Marijuana and Cannabinoid Preparations, 9780128046463, December 2015. - Tanna, Sangeeta and Lawson, Graham. Analytical Chemistry for Assessing Medication Adherence, 9780128054635, April 2016. - Rao, Vikram, Knight, Rob, and Stoner, Brian. Sustainable Shale Oil and Gas: Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Geochemistry Methods, 9780128103890, forthcoming September 2016. - Farsalinos, Konstantinos, et al. Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes: From Contents to Chemical and Particle Exposure Profiles, 9780128112410, forthcoming November 2016. - Provides readers with the fundamental biochemistry and some elements of the physiology behind physical activity/exercise and describes the analytical techniques used to elucidate the science - Written in clear, concise, compelling prose that is neither simplistic to scientists nor too sophisticated for a large, diverse global audience - A one-page Close-Up in each chapter illustrates key topics to catch, engage, entertain, and create a novel synthesis of thought

Dr. Anthony C. Hackney is a Professor of Exercise Physiology and Nutrition at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His research group studies how stress affects the hormonal responses of the endocrine system. In particular, his focus is on the dysfunctions and dysregulations that develop from stress exposures which can ultimately compromise physiological responses and adaptations. Dr. Hackney is an editor and author of the successful books Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport and Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women, as well as author of the Elsevier book Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry: Principles and Practice. He has published over 200 peer-reviewed research papers and book chapters, given over 150 national and international scientific conference presentations, and has had current and previous research projects funded by the National Institutes of Health, Department of Defense, USAID, and the National Academy of Sciences. He is an Editorial Board member for five exercise science, sports medicine, and physiology journals; has done visiting professorships in Uruguay, Kosovo, Norway, New Zealand, Germany, and Estonia; and is on the Board of Directors of the Center for the Study of Retired Athletes, UNC-CH. A recipient of three Fulbright Scholar awards, he was named Fellow, American Academy of Kinesiology (2010), Montoye Research Scholar, the American College of Sports Medicine (2015), Fellow, Huffines Institute for Sports Medicine (2015), and Kean-Pogue Senior Research Scholar, University of North Carolina (2016), among other honors and awards.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry 4
Copyright Page 5
Dedication 6
Contents 8
Foreword 12
Preface 14
Acknowledgments 16
I. Introduction: Basics and Background 18
1 Energy and Energy Metabolism 20
Energy 20
Energy Transformation 20
Chemical Energy of the Body 21
Enzymes 21
Energy Consumption 22
Energy Transformation in Exercise 22
References 27
2 Energy Metabolism of Macronutrients During Exercise 28
Overview of Metabolic Energy Pathways 28
Carbohydrate Metabolic Pathways 28
Nutrients into Glucose 28
Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain 30
Lipid Metabolic Pathways 32
Protein Metabolism Pathways 33
Transamination and Oxidative Deamination 35
BCAA and Glucose Cycles 36
Bioenergetics 36
References 39
3 Regulation of Energy Metabolism During Exercise 40
Overview of Control Systems 40
Central Mechanisms—Neuroendocrine 41
The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 41
Does the Brain Really Control Everything? 44
Peripheral Mechanisms—Internal Milieu and Allosteric Modulation 44
Running Out of Energy 45
References 47
II. Applications: Knowledge into Practice 48
4 Measurement Techniques for Energy Expenditure 50
Historical Background 50
Laboratory Based 50
Direct Calorimetry 50
Indirect Calorimetry 51
Oxygen Uptake 52
Gas Concentration Measurement 52
Doubly Labeled Water (DLW) Technique Using Stable Isotopes 54
Field Based 54
Calculation Formulas 54
Physical Activity Questionnaires 55
Activity Monitors 56
Heart Rate Monitors 56
Motion Sensors 56
Limitations and Errors in Measurements and Estimations 57
References 59
5 Energy Expenditure at Rest and During Various Types of Physical Activity 60
Energy Expenditure and Utilization Concepts 60
Metabolic Rate in the Resting State 60
Metabolic Rate During Ordinary Living Activities and During Exercise 62
Thermic Effect of Food 62
Examples of Energy Expenditure During Various Activities 63
Estimation of Exercise Energy Expenditure: Metabolic Calculations and Formulas 64
Factors Influencing RMR Energy Expenditure 65
Age 65
Gender 66
Obesity 66
Miscellaneous 67
References 68
6 Energy Storage, Expenditure, and Utilization: Components and Influencing Factors 70
Energy Balance Equation 70
Effect of Physical Activity on the EBE 72
Effect on EI 72
Effect on EO 73
Exercise Intensity and Substrate Utilization 73
The Crossover Concept and Exercise Energy Metabolism 74
Implications of the Crossover Concept 75
Limitation of Exercise Alone in Achieving Negative Energy Balance 77
Environmental Influences on Energy Expenditure: Geography and Climate Matter 77
References 80
7 Exercise Training and Metabolic Adaptation 82
Exercise Training Principles 82
Exercise Training Adaptation 83
Aerobic Training 84
Cellular — Tissue Adaptations 85
Changes in Substrate Utilization 88
Anaerobic and Resistance Training 90
Cellular — Tissue Adaptations 92
Changes in Substrate Utilization 93
Mechanisms of Muscular Fatigue 94
References 98
8 Pharmacologic and Nutritional Substances to Enhance Performance or Produce Weight Loss 100
Adaptogenic Herbs 100
Amino Acids 101
Anabolic Steroids 102
Caffeine 103
Ephedrine 104
Erythropoietin—Blood Doping 105
Levothyroxine 106
Metreleptin 107
Sibutramine 108
Vitamins and Minerals 108
World Anti-Doping Agency Testing Program 110
References 112
9 Bottom Line: Why Should I Exercise? 114
What to Expect When Everything Goes Right 114
What to Expect When Everything Goes Wrong 116
Injuries and the Recovery Process 116
Soft-Tissue Injuries 117
Other Injuries 119
Prevention: Tips for Success 121
References 123
10 Future Scientific Research in Exercise and Sport and the Role of Bioanalytical Chemistry 124
Analytical Technology Advances 124
Future Trends and Research Priorities 126
What Are the Health Challenges of Tomorrow? 127
Conclusion 127
References 129
Index 130
Back Cover 137

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 14.3.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Gesundheit / Leben / Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Sport ► Fitness / Aerobic / Bodybuilding
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Physiologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Prävention / Gesundheitsförderung
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Analytische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-12-809691-8 / 0128096918
• ISBN-13: 978-0-12-809691-8 / 9780128096918