Geographic Information Systems for Geoscientists (eBook)

Modelling with GIS

Graeme F. Bonham-Carter (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2014 | 1. Auflage
416 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-4494-8 (ISBN)

Infos

Geographic Information Systems for Geoscientists: Modelling with GIS provides an introduction to the ideas and practice of GIS to students and professionals from a variety of geoscience backgrounds. The emphasis in the book is to show how spatial data from various sources (principally paper maps, digital images and tabular data from point samples) can be captured in a GIS database, manipulated, and transformed to extract particular features in the data, and combined together to produce new derived maps, that are useful for decision-making and for understanding spatial interrelationship. The book begins by defining the meaning, purpose, and functions of GIS. It then illustrates a typical GIS application. Subsequent chapters discuss methods for organizing spatial data in a GIS; data input and data visualization; transformation of spatial data from one data structure to another; and the combination, analysis, and modeling of maps in both raster and vector formats. This book is intended as both a textbook for a course on GIS, and also for those professional geoscientists who wish to understand something about the subject. Readers with a mathematical bent will get more out of the later chapters, but relatively non-numerate individuals will understand the general purpose and approach, and will be able to apply methods of map modeling to clearly-defined problems.

Inhalt

Front Cover 
1 
Geographic Information Systems for Geoscientists: Modelling with GIS 
4 
Copyright Page 
5 
Table of Contents 
6 
Series Editor's Foreword 12
Preface 14
BOOK OUTLINE 16
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17
REFERENCES 18
NOTE 18
CHAPTER 1. Introduction to GIS 
20 
WHAT is GIS? 20
PURPOSE OF GIS 22
GIS AND RELATED COMPUTER SOFTWARE 25
CUSTODIAL VERSUS PROJECT-RELATED GIS 29
GEOLOGICAL APPLICATION OF GIS 30
REFERENCES 42
CHAPTER 2. 
44 
INTRODUCTION 44
SPATIAL OBJECTS 46
RASTER AND VECTOR SPATIAL DATA MODELS 51
ATTRIBUTE DATA 58
THE RELATIONAL MODEL 62
REFERENCES 69
CHAPTER 3. 
70 
INTRODUCTION 70
RASTER STRUCTURES 71
VECTOR DATA STRUCTURES 87
REFERENCES 100
CHAPTER 4. 
102 
INTRODUCTION 102
DATA SOURCES 102
MAP PROJECTIONS 106
DIGITIZING 114
COORDINATE CONVERSION 122
REFERENCES 128
Chapter 5. Visualization and Query of Spatial Data 
130 
INTRODUCTION 130
DISPLAY OF CARTOGRAPHIC IMAGES 131
DISPLAY HARDWARE FOR DIGITAL IMAGES 137
COLOUR 139
VISUALIZATION OF SURFACES 148
DYNAMICALLY-LINKED DATA VIEWS 151
SPATIAL QUERY 153
REFERENCES 156
CHAPTER 6. 
158 
INTRODUCTION 158
POINT-TO-AREA CONVERSIONS 160
DILATION OF SPATIAL OBJECTS 178
SAMPLING TRANSFORMATIONS 186
REFERENCES 194
CHAPTER 7. Tools for Map Analysis: Single Maps 
196 
INTRODUCTION 196
MAP RECLASSIFICATION 205
OPERATIONS ON ATTRIBUTE TABLES 215
SPATIAL, TOPOLOGICAL, AND GEOMETRICAL MODELLING 217
OPERATIONS ON SPATIAL NEIGHBOURHOODS 223
JOIN-COUNT STATISTICS 231
REFERENCES 238
CHAPTER 8. Tools for Map Analysis: Map Pairs 
240 
INTRODUCTION 240
TWO-MAP OVERLAYS AND MAP MODELLING 242
CORRELATION BETWEEN TWO MAPS 257
OTHER TOPICS 281
SUMMARY 283
REFERENCES 284
CHAPTER 9. 
286 
INTRODUCTION 286
BOOLEAN LOGIC MODELS 291
INDEX OVERLAY MODELS 304
FUZZY LOGIC METHOD 311
BAYESIAN METHODS 321
SUMMARY 352
REFERENCES 353
APPENDIX I. 
358 
DATA TYPES 358
OPERATORS 358
EXPRESSIONS 358
STATEMENTS 358
FUNCTIONS 359
APPENDIX II. Fortran Program for Calculating Weights of Evidence 
360 
APPENDIX III. 
364 
ORGANIZATION OF LEXICON ENTRIES 364
LIST OF ENTRIES 365
REFERENCES 402
APPENDIX IV. GIS Acronyms 
406 
Index 410

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 18.5.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Reisen ► Hotel- / Restaurantführer
• Themenwelt: Reisen ► Reiseführer
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Theorie / Studium
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geografie / Kartografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-4494-1 / 1483144941
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-4494-8 / 9781483144948