The Role of the Ocean in Global Cycling of Persistent Organic Contaminants (eBook)

Refinement and Application of a Global Multicompartment Chemistry-Transport Model

Irene Stemmler (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2010 | 2010
XI, 99 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-642-05009-1 (ISBN)

Infos

Persistent organic contaminants, which are bioaccumulative and toxic are a concern for the ecosystems and human health and are regulated under international law (global and regional conventions, besides other). If semivolatile, they cycle in different environmental compartments and follow complex transport pathways. The ocean is believed to play a key role in the cycling by accumulating and storing the contaminant and providing a transport medium. But substance fate in the marine environment is not fully understood yet. Here, the global multicompartment chemistry-transport model MPI-MCTM is used to study the fate of organic pollutants in the marine and total environment. For the first time historical emission data are used in spatially-resolved long-term simulations of an insecticide, DDT, and an industrial chemical, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The model results give new insights into the cycling of these substances as different spatial and process resolutions were tested. E.g. for DDT the model results show saturation and reversal of air-sea exchange, which was not indicated by any other study before.

Inhalt

Foreword 6
Preface 7
Contents 8
Acronyms 10
Chapter 1 11
Introduction 11
1.1 Persistent organic contaminants 11
1.2 Global cycling of persistent organic contaminants 12
1.3 Modelling approaches 13
1.4 Objectives and outline of the thesis 14
1.5 Current state of the model 15
Chapter 2 19
Model development 19
2.1 Introduction 19
nements 20
2.2 Model re 20
2.3 Impact of the horizontal resolution on the representation of continental shelves 25
2.3.1 Introduction 25
2.3.2 Methodology 26
2.3.3 Results and discussion 27
2.3.4 Summary 28
2.4 Sensitivity of long-range transport of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane to marine organic matter 29
2.4.1 Introduction 29
2.4.2 Experimental setup 30
2.4.3 Results and discussion 31
2.4.4 Summary 40
2.5 Sensitivity of volatitilisation of DDT from the ocean to climate parameters 42
2.5.1 Introduction 42
2.5.2 Experimental setup 42
2.5.3 Results and discussion 43
2.5.4 Summary 47
Chapter 3 48
Model application 48
3.1 Environmental fate and distribution of DDT: Model simulation with transient historical applications 48
3.1.1 Introduction 48
3.1.2 Experimental setup 51
3.1.3 Results and discussion 52
3.1.4 Summary 63
uoroctanoic acid 64
3.2 Environmental fate and distribution of per 64
3.2.1 Introduction 64
3.2.2 Experimental setup 67
3.2.3 Results and discussion 68
3.2.4 Summary 73
Chapter 4 75
Conclusions and outlook 75
Appendix A 80
Impact of the horizontal resolution on the representation of continental shelves 80
Appendix B 81
Sensitivity of volatilisation of DDT from the ocean to climate parameters 81
Figures 83
References 97
Index 104

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 10.3.2010
• Reihe/Serie: Hamburg Studies on Maritime Affairs
• Reihe/Serie: Hamburg Studies on Maritime Affairs
• Zusatzinfo: XI, 99 p. 49 illus.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Natur / Technik ► Natur / Ökologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Recht / Steuern ► EU / Internationales Recht
• Themenwelt: Recht / Steuern ► Öffentliches Recht ► Umweltrecht
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Contaminants • DDT • Ecosystems • emerging substances • Environment • Human health • Marine • marine and freshwater sciences • multicompartmental modelling • ocean • oceanic tracer transport • Persistent Organic Pollutants • total environment • vertical export
• ISBN-10: 3-642-05009-3 / 3642050093
• ISBN-13: 978-3-642-05009-1 / 9783642050091