Advances in Air Pollution Profiling and Control (eBook)

Select Proceedings of HSFEA 2018

Nihal Anwar Siddiqui, S. M. Tauseef, S. A. Abbasi, Faisal I. Khan (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2020 | 1st ed. 2020
XVI, 235 Seiten
Springer Singapore (Verlag)
978-981-15-0954-4 (ISBN)

Infos

This book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Health, Safety, Fire, Environment, and Allied Sciences (HSFEA 2018). The book highlights the latest developments in the field of science and technology aimed at improving health and safety in the workplace. The volume comprises content from leading scientists, engineers, and policy makers, discussing the effect of vehicular pollution, process, engineering, construction and other industrial activities on air quality and the impact these have on health and the environment. The contents of this volume will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and policy makers alike.

N.A. Siddiqui is Professor at the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES) (2005-present). He holds a Master's degree in Environmental Sciences from Lucknow University, India (1996), and a PhD in Environmental Biology from Awadhesh Pratap Singh University (APS) University, Rewa, India. Additionally, he has a number of professional certifications, e.g., a NEBOSH diploma, NEBOSH-IGC, IOSH Managing Safely, Lead Auditor OHSAS 18001, Lead Auditor ISO 14001 and GRAD-IOSH. Prof. Siddiqui's research interests include occupational health, safety and environment. He has co-authored more than 150 papers and eight books and has organized a number of national and international seminars/conferences/MDPs. He has also worked on a number of major R&D projects. 

S. M. Tauseef is Associate Professor and Assistant Dean (Research) at the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), India (2015-present). He holds an MS in Chemical Engineering (Process Design) from Sharif University of Technology, Iran (2008), and a PhD in Environmental Engineering from Pondicherry University (PU) (2011). Prior to joining UPES, he worked as a Pool Officer (CSIR, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) at PU (2012-2015). Dr. Tauseef's research interests include process safety, especially forecasting and consequence assessment of accidents in chemical process industries. He has developed methodologies for the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to dense gas dispersion, vapor cloud explosions, and single and multiple pool fires. His other main interest is in solid waste management, especially the design of continuously operable vermireactor systems for assorted wastes, and high-rate anaerobic digesters. To date, he has published 70 journal articles, co-authored/edited six books, has published three patents and presented papers at 30 conferences. 

Prof. S. A. Abbasi is Professor Emeritus (CSIR) and Founder Head of the Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, India. His main calling has been environmental engineering since 1970-a field to which he has contributed 43 books, 11 patents, and over 500 research papers. In 1992 Prof. Abbasi started the, now globally recognized, process safety research programme at Pondicherry University. In a recent study published from Canada, Prof. Abbasi has been named as the most prolific contributors to this field from Asia and among the top 6 in the world. He also has the best citation-per-paper record in this field. Prof Abbasi's lifetime achievements have been recognized in the form of  National Design Award in Environmental Engineering, National Hydrology Award, and several other International/national honours and awards awards. He has been elected Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (1993), Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers (1999), and National Academy of Sciences (2003). From 1984 onwards he has been invited frequently to chair technical sessions or present plenary lectures in international conferences round the globe.  

Faisal Khan is Professor and Canada Research Chair (Tier I) of Offshore Safety and Risk Engineering. He is founder of Centre for Risk Integrity and Safety and Engineering (C-RISE), which has over research 50 research members. His areas of research interest include offshore safety and risk engineering, inherent safety, risk management, and risk-based integrity assessment and management. He is actively involved with multinational oil and gas industries on the issue of safety and asset integrity. In 2006, he has spent eight months as risk and integrity expert with Lloyd's Register (UK) a risk management organization. He also served as Safety and Risk Advisor to Government of Newfoundland, Canada. He continue to serve subject matter expert to many organizations that include Llyod's Register EMEA, SBM Modco, Intecsea, echnip, and Qatargas. In 2008-10, he visited Qatar University and Qatargas LNG Company as Process Safety and Risk Management Research Chair. In 2012-14 he served as Visiting Professor of Offshore and Marine Engineering at Australian Maritime College (AMC), University of Tasmania, Australia. Where he led development of offshore safety and risk engineering group and an initiative of global engagement with many international institutions. He is recipient of President Outstanding Research Award of 2012-13, CSChE National Award on Process Safety Management of 2014, President Outstanding Research Supervision Award of 2013-14, and recently Society of Petroleum Engineer award for his contribution in Health, Safety and Risk Engineering. He has authored over 400 research articles in peer reviewed journals and conferences on safety, risk and reliability engineering. He has authored five books on the subject area. He is Editor to Journal of Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Process Safety Progress, and ASME Part A (Risk and Uncertainty Analysis).

Inhalt

Preface 6
Acknowledgements 7
Steering Committee 8
Organizing Committee 9
Contents 13
About the Editors 15
1 Airshed of a Typical Highly Industrialized Suburb of an Indian City: Air Quality Modeling and Forecasting 17
Abstract 17
1 Introduction 17
2 Air Quality Simulations for Impact Forecasting 18
3 Impact of Changes in Source Characteristics (Flow Rate and/or Source Strength) on Ambient Air Quality in Manali Residential Area 23
3.1 Post-monsoon 23
3.2 Summer 23
3.3 Pre-monsoon 24
3.4 Monsoon 25
4 Impact of Changes in Terrain Characteristics on Ambient Air Quality in Manali Residential Area 28
4.1 Post-monsoon 28
4.2 Summer 29
4.3 Pre-monsoon 29
4.4 Monsoon 29
5 Impact of Changes in Atmospheric Conditions on the Ambient Air Quality in Manali Residential Area 29
5.1 Post-monsoon 29
5.2 Summer 30
5.3 Pre-monsoon 30
5.4 Monsoon 30
6 Summary and Conclusion 31
References 31
2 Responsible Factors of Environmental Degradation in Nandakini River Valley 32
Abstract 32
1 Introduction 33
2 Increased Anthropogenic Activities 33
3 Role of Hydro Electric Projects in Environmental Degradation 35
4 Natural Hazards and Disasters 36
5 Glacial Hazard and Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) 36
6 Geological Hazards 37
7 Conclusion 38
References 38
3 Assessment of Ground Water Quality Along the Coastal Areas of Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India 39
Abstract 39
1 Introduction 39
2 India’s Water Budget and Evapotranspiration 40
3 Demand of Water and Its Importance 41
4 Coastal Aquifers and Its Importance 42
5 Sources of Ground Water Pollution 43
6 Salinity in Aquifers 43
7 Objectives of the Study 44
8 Methodology 44
9 Results and Discussions 46
9.1 Introduction 46
9.2 pH 46
9.3 Conductivity 49
9.4 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 49
9.5 Total Hardness (TH) 51
9.6 Alkalinity 51
9.7 Calcium Hardness 52
9.8 Magnisium Hardness 53
9.9 Sodium (Na) 54
9.10 Potassium (K) 54
9.11 Iron 55
9.12 Bicarbonate (HCO3) 56
9.13 Chlorides 56
9.14 Nitrate 57
9.15 Phosphate 58
9.16 Sulphate 58
9.17 Hydrological Facies 59
9.18 Water Quality Index 61
10 Conclusion and Suggestions 66
Acknowledgements 68
References 68
4 Presence of Microplastic in Water Bodies and Its Impact on Human Health 70
Abstract 70
1 Introduction 70
2 Microplastics in Environment 72
2.1 Microplastics in Coastal Areas 72
2.2 Microplastics in Freshwater 73
2.3 Effects on Human Beings 74
2.4 The Indian Scenario 75
2.5 Detection of Microplastics 76
3 Summary 76
References 77
5 Assessment of the Ambient Air Quality of a Highly Industrialized Suburb of a Typical Indian City Part 1: Assessment of Quality 79
Abstract 79
1 Introduction 79
2 The Study Area 80
3 Wind Roses 82
4 Settling up of Air Quality Sampling Stations 82
5 Sampling and Analysis 83
6 Existing Surveys: An Overview 86
7 Results and Discussion 87
7.1 Studies on SOx 90
7.1.1 SOx: Pre-monsoon 90
7.1.2 SOx: Monsoon 93
7.1.3 SOx: Post-monsoon (or ‘Winter’) 93
7.1.4 SOx: Summer 93
7.2 Studies on NOx 100
7.3 Studies on SPM 100
7.4 Overall Air Quality 100
7.5 Ammonia and Chlorine 102
7.5.1 Ammonia 106
7.5.2 Chlorine 106
7.6 Overall Seasonal Pattern 106
8 Summary and Conclusion 114
References 114
6 Inherent Safety in Offshore Oil and Gas Activities 115
Abstract 115
1 Introduction 115
2 Intrinsically Safety Scheme in Offshore Activities 116
2.1 Wellhead Areas with Respect to Stage Area 117
2.2 Subsea Augmentation 117
2.3 Convenience Module Area 117
3 Seaward Development 118
3.1 Process Office Design 118
3.2 Detachment Forms 118
3.3 Warmth Exchangers 119
3.4 Multiphase Draw Out and Metering 119
3.5 Blowers 119
4 Subsea Establishments 119
5 Auxiliary Respectability 120
6 Current Scenario and Future Activities Needed 120
6.1 Present Status of Naturally More Secure Outline 120
6.2 Activities Required to Make Characteristic Wellbeing a Training 121
7 Summary and Conclusion 122
References 122
7 Ambient Quality Downwind Major Industrial Estates of Puducherry, India 124
Abstract 124
1 Introduction 124
2 Status of Industries in Puducherry 125
2.1 Number and Type of Industries 125
2.2 Pollution Potential of the Industries 126
3 Materials and Method 129
3.1 General 129
3.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 129
4 Results and Discussion 129
4.1 Stack Emission 129
4.2 Ambiant Air Quality Monitoring to See the Effect of Different Industrial Estates 129
4.2.1 Thattanchavady 129
4.2.2 Kattukuppam 130
4.2.3 Mettupalayam 132
4.2.4 Sedarapet 133
4.2.5 Kirumampakkam 136
4.2.6 Thirubuvanai 137
4.2.7 Pillaichavady 139
4.3 Comparison with Past Studies 139
5 Summary and Conclusion 141
Acknowledgements 141
References 141
8 Solid Waste Problem Due to Packaging Material and Its Management Options 143
Abstract 143
1 Introduction 143
2 Product’s Life cycle 145
3 System Exterior Indication (Solid Waste Management) 145
4 Function of Packaging 146
5 Consumption of Packaging Material 146
6 Indicators for Quantification of the Impacts and Challenges 147
7 Role of Packaging in Pollution 148
7.1 Litter 148
7.2 Water Pollution 148
7.3 Air Pollution 149
7.4 Solid Wastes 149
8 Framework for the Assessment 149
9 Past To Present Scenario (Literature Review) 150
10 Conclusion 150
References 151
9 Atmospheric Aerosols (PM10 and PM2.5) and their Influence on Air Quality in Visakhapatnam City, Andhra Pradesh, India 152
Abstract 152
1 Introduction 152
2 Air Quality Trends in India 153
3 Sources of Ambient Air Pollution 154
4 Meteorological Influence in Urban Air Pollution 155
5 Particulate Matter (PM) 155
6 Trace Metals 156
7 Objectives of the Work 156
8 Methodology 156
8.1 Study Area 156
8.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 157
8.3 Determination of PM10 and PM2.5 157
8.4 Trace Metals 159
8.5 Air Quality Index 159
8.6 Exceedance Factor 160
9 Results and Discussions 160
9.1 Introduction 160
9.2 Meteorological Parameters 161
9.3 Meteorological Scenario in the Study Area 161
9.4 Temperature 161
9.5 Relative Humidity 161
9.6 Wind Speed and Wind Direction 161
9.7 Particulate Matter (PM) 162
9.7.1 Residential Area—Akkayapalem 162
9.7.2 Commercial Area—Jagadamba 163
9.7.3 Commercial Area—Reading Room 163
9.7.4 Industrial Area—Parawada 163
9.7.5 Industrial Area—Auto Nagar 167
9.8 Particulate Matter PM10 167
9.8.1 Residential Area—Akkayapalem 167
9.8.2 Commercial Area—Jagadamba 167
9.8.3 Commercial Area—Reading Room 167
9.8.4 Industrial Area—Parawada 168
9.8.5 Industrial Area—Auto Nagar 168
9.9 Elemental Composition 168
9.9.1 Akkayapalem 168
9.9.2 Jagadamba 168
9.9.3 Reading Room 169
9.9.4 Parawada 169
9.9.5 Auto Nagar 169
9.10 Percentage Distribution of Analysed Elements in PM10 at Different Sampling Locations 170
9.11 Air Quality Index 172
9.12 Exceedance Factor Analyses 172
10 Conclusion and Suggestions 174
Acknowledgements 174
References 175
10 Dehradun City: Vehicular Pollution During 2008 to June 2018 176
Abstract 176
1 Introduction 176
1.1 Need for Vehicular Pollution Investigation 176
2 Pollutants Emitted by Vehicles 177
3 Hazards of Vehicular Air Pollution 177
4 Types and Number of Vehicles in Dehradun 178
5 Distribution of Vehicles of Different Types 178
6 Control Measures 181
6.1 Vehicle Maintenance 181
6.2 Vehicle Speed 181
6.3 Traffic Condition 182
7 Conclusions and Recommendations 182
8 Suggestion 184
References 184
11 Effect of Vehicular Pollution in the Fastest Developing Cities of India: A Critical Review 185
Abstract 185
1 Introduction 185
2 Background 187
2.1 Vehicular Pollution Study in Mumbai (Bhalerao et al. 2014) 187
2.2 Vehicular Pollution Study in Amritsar (Robin and Ashwani 2009) 191
2.3 Vehicular Pollution Study in Kota (Choudhary and Gupta 2016) 194
2.4 Vehicular Pollution Study in Jalgaon City (Ingle et al. 2005) 196
3 Conclusion 198
Acknowledgements 199
References 199
12 Repercussion of Electromagnetic Radiation from Cell Towers/Mobiles and Their Impact on Migratory Birds 200
Abstract 200
1 Introduction 200
2 Mobile Tower Radiation Pattern 202
3 Comparative Study of EMR on Birds 203
4 Impact of Radiation on Birds 206
4.1 Effect on Sparrows 207
4.2 Effect on White Storks 207
4.3 Effect on Honey Bees 207
5 Conclusion 208
References 208
13 Sources of Heavy Metal in Indoor Air Quality 210
Abstract 210
1 Introduction 210
1.1 Source of Heavy Metals 211
1.1.1 Volatile Organic Compound Sources in Indoor Air  211
1.1.2 Health Effects of VOC’s 211
1.2 Lead Sources in Indoor Air and its Health Effect 212
1.3 Arsenic Sources in Indoor Air and its Health Effect 212
1.4 Mercury Sources in Indoor Air and its Health Effect 213
1.5 Cadmium Sources in Indoor Air and its Health Effect 213
1.6 Chromium Sources in Indoor Air and its Health Effect 214
1.7 Iron Sources in Indoor Air and its Health Effect 215
2 Conclusion 215
References 216
15 Impact of Speed Breakers on Air Contamination and Mileage of Vehicles 218
Abstract 218
1 Introduction 218
2 Impact on Vehicles 220
3 Impact on the Environment 220
4 Remedial Measures 221
5 Summary 221
References 222
16 Improving the Performance of Classification Algorithms with Supervised Filter Discretization Using WEKA on NSL-KDD Dataset 223
Abstract 223
1 Introduction 223
2 Related Works 224
3 Proposed Approach 225
4 Algorithms 225
4.1 Naive Bayes Classifier 225
5 Experiments and Results 227
5.1 WEKA Tool 228
5.2 NSL-KDD Dataset 228
5.3 Performance Measures 228
5.4 Results 229
6 Conclusion 231
References 232
17 Noise Control Mechanisms for Industry Operations—A Review 234
Abstract 234
1 Introduction 234
2 Noise Control Techniques 236
3 Conclusion 239
References 240

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.1.2020
• Reihe/Serie: Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering
• Reihe/Serie: Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering
• Zusatzinfo: XVI, 235 p. 99 illus., 88 illus. in color.
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Schlagworte: air pollution and air quality • Air Pollution Control • Air pollution measurement • Environmental Issues • Health issues arising from air pollution • Innovative strategies to deal with pollution • Statutory requirements • Vehicular Pollution
• ISBN-10: 981-15-0954-9 / 9811509549
• ISBN-13: 978-981-15-0954-4 / 9789811509544