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Systematic Changes in Body Image Following Formation of Phantom Limbs (eBook)

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2016 | 1st ed. 2016
VII, 59 Seiten
Springer Singapore (Verlag)
978-981-10-1460-4 (ISBN)

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Systematic Changes in Body Image Following Formation of Phantom Limbs - Nobuyuki Inui
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This book presents new findings on body image and also introduces new neuroscience-based methods for the fields of neurology and neurorehabilitation. Even when the hand is stationary we know its position - information that is needed by the brain to plan movements. If the sensory input from a limb is removed as the result of an accident, or as part of an experiment with local anesthesia, then a 'phantom' limb commonly develops. We used ischemic anesthesia of one limb to study the mechanisms that define this phenomenon. Surprisingly, if the fingers, wrist, elbow, ankle, and knee are extended before and during an ischemic block, then the perceived limb is flexed at the joint and vice versa. Furthermore, the limb is perceived to move continuously with no default position. The key parameter for these illusory changes in limb position is the difference in discharge rates between afferents in the flexor and extensor muscles at a joint. The final position of the phantom limb depends on its initial position, suggesting that a body image uses incoming proprioceptive information for determination of starting points and endpoints when generating movements. In addition, the change in position does not involve limb postures that are anatomically impossible, suggesting that illusory posture is constrained by body maps. These results provide new information about how the brain generates phantom limbs. 



This book presents new findings on body image and also introduces new neuroscience-based methods for the fields of neurology and neurorehabilitation. Even when the hand is stationary we know its position - information that is needed by the brain to plan movements. If the sensory input from a limb is removed as the result of an accident, or as part of an experiment with local anesthesia, then a 'phantom' limb commonly develops. We used ischemic anesthesia of one limb to study the mechanisms that define this phenomenon. Surprisingly, if the fingers, wrist, elbow, ankle, and knee are extended before and during an ischemic block, then the perceived limb is flexed at the joint and vice versa. Furthermore, the limb is perceived to move continuously with no default position. The key parameter for these illusory changes in limb position is the difference in discharge rates between afferents in the flexor and extensor muscles at a joint. The final position of the phantom limb depends on its initial position, suggesting that a body image uses incoming proprioceptive information for determination of starting points and endpoints when generating movements. In addition, the change in position does not involve limb postures that are anatomically impossible, suggesting that illusory posture is constrained by body maps. These results provide new information about how the brain generates phantom limbs. 

Preface.- Chapter 1 Introduction.-Chapter 2 Formation of phantom limbs following ischemic nerve block.- Chapter 3 A new type of hand–object illusion.- Chapter 4 Visual and proprioceptive adaptation of arm position in a virtual environment.- Chapter 5 Conclusion.- Acknowledgement.

Erscheint lt. Verlag 30.6.2016
Reihe/Serie SpringerBriefs in Biology
SpringerBriefs in Biology
Zusatzinfo VII, 59 p. 17 illus., 1 illus. in color.
Verlagsort Singapore
Sprache englisch
Themenwelt Medizin / Pharmazie Medizinische Fachgebiete Neurologie
Studium 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) Physiologie
Naturwissenschaften Biologie Humanbiologie
Naturwissenschaften Biologie Zoologie
Schlagworte Body Image • Neuro rehabilitation • Off-line representation • On-line representation • proprioception
ISBN-10 981-10-1460-4 / 9811014604
ISBN-13 978-981-10-1460-4 / 9789811014604
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