Genomic Elements in Health, Disease and Evolution (eBook)

Junk DNA

Kyriacos Felekkis, Konstantinos Voskarides (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2015 | 1st ed. 2015
XI, 315 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-1-4939-3070-8 (ISBN)

Infos

Over 98% of the human genome contains non-coding DNA sequences. For many years molecular biologists referred to this component of the genome as the 'junk' DNA since it does not code for any 'useful' protein product. Over the last years this notion changed significantly as scientists discovered that a large part of this DNA contains various genomic elements that have important roles in cell physiology. Genomic elements such as non-coding RNAs, transposons, splicing RNAs, DNA repeats and others were shown to play a significant role in regulating gene expression. In addition, all these elements were implicated to contribute in the pathogenesis or progression of various human diseases. In this book, the editor will attempt to describe all these genomic elements that constitute the junk DNA of the genome. For every genomic element, the physiologic role in the organism, its role in evolution and any possible involvement in human diseases will be discussed. Additionally, interaction between these elements in normal or pathologic condition will be discussed. Since a large amount of new knowledge is generated daily in regards to these genomic elements, this book will attempt to combine all the information in a single publication that can serve as a reference for future studies. The first part will discuss RNA elements such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, piRNAs and splicing RNAs. The second part of the book will deal with transposons, retrotransposons and DNA transposons. Finally the third part of the book will discuss DNA elements that include DNA repeats, conserved non-coding sequences, distal genomic elements, introns, pseudogenes, CpG islands and telomeres. For miRNAs and CNVs a separate chapter will be dedicated to their role in human diseases since an extensive amount of information exists about these two elements.

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Over 98% of the human genome contains non-coding DNA sequences. For many years molecular biologists referred to this component of the genome as the "e;junk"e; DNA since it does not code for any "e;useful"e; protein product. Over the last years this notion changed significantly as scientists discovered that a large part of this DNA contains various genomic elements that have important roles in cell physiology. Genomic elements such as non-coding RNAs, transposons, splicing RNAs, DNA repeats and others were shown to play a significant role in regulating gene expression. In addition, all these elements were implicated to contribute in the pathogenesis or progression of various human diseases. In this book, the editor will attempt to describe all these genomic elements that constitute the junk DNA of the genome. For every genomic element, the physiologic role in the organism, its role in evolution and any possible involvement in human diseases will be discussed. Additionally, interaction between these elements in normal or pathologic condition will be discussed. Since a large amount of new knowledge is generated daily in regards to these genomic elements, this book will attempt to combine all the information in a single publication that can serve as a reference for future studies. The first part will discuss RNA elements such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, piRNAs and splicing RNAs. The second part of the book will deal with transposons, retrotransposons and DNA transposons. Finally the third part of the book will discuss DNA elements that include DNA repeats, conserved non-coding sequences, distal genomic elements, introns, pseudogenes, CpG islands and telomeres. For miRNAs and CNVs a separate chapter will be dedicated to their role in human diseases since an extensive amount of information exists about these two elements.

Inhalt

Chapter 1 MiRNAs’ Function and Role in Evolution:  Under the View of Genomic Enhancement Phenomena  Konstantinos Voskarides and Kyriacos FelekkisChapter 2 MicroRNAs in Disease  Gregory PapagregoriouChapter 3 piRNAs- Transposon Silencing and Germ Line Development  Catherine DemoliouChapter 4 Long Non-Coding RNA  Monika GullerovaChapter 5 Unveiling Transposable Elements Function to Enrich Knowledge for Human Physiology and Disease Pathogenesis  Ioannis S. Vizirianakis, Elsa P. Amanatiadou, and Sotirios S. TeziasChapter 6 Copy Number Variation in Human Health, Disease and Evolution  Carolina Sismani, Costas Koufaris, and Konstantinos VoskaridesChapter 7 Mini- And Micro-Satellite Markers in Health, Disease and Evolution  Vasiliki A. Galani, Sofia Markoula, Leandros Lazaros, Paris Ladias, Ioannis GeorgiouChapter 8 Intron Biology, Focusing on Group II Introns, the Ancestors of Spliceosomal Introns  María Dolores Molina-Sánchez, Rafael Nisa-Martínez, Fernando M. García-Rodriguez, Francisco Martínez-Abarca, Nicolás ToroChapter 9 Centromeres in Health, Disease and Evolution  Thian Thian Beh and Paul KalitsisChapter 10 Structure and Functions of Telomeres in Organismal Homeostasis and Disease  Penelope Kroustallaki and Sarantis GagosChapter 11 Proximal Regulatory Elements with Emphasis on CpG Rich Regions  Pavlos FanisChapter 12 Genomic Analysis through High-Throughput Sequencing  Michalis Hadjithomas

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 30.9.2015
• Zusatzinfo: XI, 315 p. 40 illus., 34 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) ► Humangenetik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Genetik / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zellbiologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: copy number variations • miRNA genes • miRNA targets • Natural selection • non-coding sequences • Transposons
• ISBN-10: 1-4939-3070-2 / 1493930702
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4939-3070-8 / 9781493930708