Graphite Fluorides (eBook)

T. Nakajima, H. Touhara, N. Watanabe (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
276 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-9000-3 (ISBN)

Infos

This volume reviews the preparation, structures, physicochemical properties and applications of graphite fluorides, mainly based on the results obtained by the authors. Their interest in graphite fluorides stemmed from research on the ``anode effect'', in electrolytic production of fluorine gas in KF.2HF melt using carbon electrodes.
The formation of a thin graphite fluoride film on carbon anodes made it difficult to continue the electrolysis of KF.2HF at a high current density. To elucidate this phenomenon studies on graphite fluoride were initiated. In the course of these systematic studies, the use of graphite fluoride in high-energy batteries became successful: a new graphite fluoride (C2F)n was found; and another fluorineographite intercalation compound with ionic bonding, CxF, was synthesized. During this research it was established that CxF is closely associated with the ``anode effect''.
The book will be of interest to all those involved in the study and research of graphite fluorides, particularly fluorine chemists, electrochemists, and fluorine and battery companies.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Graphite Fluorides 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
Preface 6
Chapter 1. Anode Effect in Molten Fluoride Electrolysis 14
1.1 Introduction 14
1.2 Overpotential for the Discharge Reaction of Fluoride Ions on a Carbon Electrode 14
1.3 Several Factors Influencing the Anode Effect 19
1.4 Graphite Fluoride Film on Carbon Electrodes 21
1.5 Effect of a Trace of Water and Solid LiF on the Anode Effect (10) 28
References 35
Chapter 2. Preparation, Stoichiometry and Structure of Graphite Fluoride 36
2.1 Introduction 36
2.2 Preparative Methods and Apparatus 36
2.3 Fluorination Reaction of Graphite, Stoichiometry and Structure of Graphite Fluoride 43
2.4 Fluorination Kinetics and Mechanism of Graphite Fluoride Formation 63
2.5 Fluorination of Non-Graphitizing Carbons and Resulting Compounds 74
2.6 Fluorination of New Forms of Carbon Graphite Fibers and Activated Carbon Fibers
References 101
Chapter 3. Surface Properties of Graphite Fluorides 103
3.1 Introduction 103
3.2 Heats of Immersion, Surface Energy and Water Adsorption Isotherms 103
3.3 Contact Angles and Surface Free Energies 108
References 114
Chapter 4. Chemical Properties of Graphite Fluorides 115
4.1 Introduction 115
4.2 Reaction of Graphite Fluoride with Alkali Halides, Potassium Carbonate and Hydrogen 115
4.3 Fluorine-Adsorbed Active Carbon 117
4.4 Photochemical Decomposition of (CF)n 121
4.5 Decomposition of Graphite Fluoride under Chlorine 125
4.6 Thermal Decomposition Products of Graphite Fluoride, (CF)n (5) 130
4.7 Rate of Thermal Decomposition of (CF)n in a Vacuum (9) 136
4.8 Thermal Decomposition of (CF)n under Oxygen and Nitrogen Gases (10) 143
4.9 Thermal Decomposition of Graphite Fluoride, (C2F)n in a Vacuum 154
References 160
Chapter 5. Lithium-Graphite Fluoride Battery 161
5.1 Introduction 161
5.2 Cathode Preparation and Cell Construction 161
5.3 Discharge Reaction of a Li-Graphite Fluoride Battery 162
5.4 Electrode Kinetics of a Graphite Fluoride Cathode 174
5.5 The Relation Between Cathode Overpotential and Crystallinity of Graphite Fluorides 182
5.6 Discharge Characteristics of Graphite Fluoride Prepared via Graphite Intercalation Compounds 194
5.7 Discharge Characteristics of (CF)n Prepared from Residual Carbon obtained by Thermal Decomposition of Graphite Fluoride and Graphite Oxide 205
References 215
Chapter 6. Graphite Fluoride Film on Metallic Aluminum 217
6.1 Introduction 217
6.2 Electrochemical Fluorination in Hydrogen Fluoride Solution 217
6.3 Fluorination by Fluorine Gas 221
6.4 Fluorination in the Presence of Graphite Fluoride 223
References 240
Chapter 7. Lubricative Property of Graphite Fluoride 241
7.1 Introduction 241
7.2 Graphite Fluoride as a Solid Lubricant 241
7.3 Lubricity of (CF)n-Co-Deposited Metal Film 250
References 252
Chapter 8. Graphite Intercalation Compound of Fluorine 253
8.1 Introduction 253
8.2 Preparative Method of CXF 254
8.3 Stage and Composition of CXF 255
8.4 Chemical Bonds Between Intercalated Fluorine and Carbon 259
8.5 Thermal Stability of CXF 261
8.6 Electrical Conductivity and Air-Stability 261
8.7 Electrochemical Behavior of CXF 267
REFERENCES 274
Index 275

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Physikalische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-9000-X / 148329000X
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-9000-3 / 9781483290003