Human Body Composition (eBook)

Approaches and Applications

Josef Brozek (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1. Auflage
324 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-8269-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Human Body Composition: Approaches and Applications focuses on approaches to the description of human physique; clarification of the role of factors determining and modifying body composition; and assessment of biological and medical significance of individual differences in body composition. The selection first discusses advances and developments in the methods for the study of body composition and chemical analysis of the body. Discussions focus on direct and roentgenographic studies of bone mineralization; caliper and roentgenogrammetric values of the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue; and soft tissue roentgenography. The text also looks at determination of specific gravity of live sheep and its correlation with fat percentage and interpretation of whole body potassium measurements. The manuscript evaluates research on body composition and its relevance for human biology, including sex, growth, and aging, physical activity, loss and gain of body weight, and body composition in animals. The book also elaborates on sex difference in body composition, physical activity and body composition, hydrometry of growth and aging, and body composition and appraisal of nutriture. The selection is a reliable reference for readers interested in the composition of the human body.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Human Body Composition: Approaches and Applications 4
Copyright Page 5
PREFACE 6
Table of Contents 10
PART 1: APPROACHES 12
CHAPTER 1. METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF BODY COMPOSITION: SOME RECENT ADVANCES AND DEVELOPMENTS 14
ANTHROPOMETRY 14
SOFT-TISSUE ROENTGENOGRAPHY 17
CALIPER AND ROENTGENOGRAMMETRIC VALUES OF THE THICKNESS OF SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE TISSUE 19
DIRECT AND ROENTGENOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF BONE MINERALIZATION 21
DENSITOMETRY 24
HYDROMETRY. ELECTROLYTES 28
SUMMARY 31
REFERENCES 33
ADDENDUM 40
REFERENCES 41
CHAPTER 2. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BODY 44
REFERENCES 58
CHAPTER 3. DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF LIVE SHEEP AND ITS CORRELATION WITH FAT PERCENTAGE 62
EDITOR'S ADDENDUM 64
REFERENCES 66
CHAPTER 4. INTERPRETATION OF WHOLE BODY POTASSIUM MEASUREMENTS 70
REFERENCES 72
CHAPTER 5. HUMAN SIZE, SHAPE, AND COMPOSITION 74
A CLASSIFICATION IN TERMS OF FAT AND LEAN 78
REFERENCES 84
CHAPTER 6. SOMATIC STANDARDS OF REFERENCE 86
METABOLIC RATE AND HEAT PRODUCTION 86
SURFACE AREA 87
POWER OF BODY WEIGHT 89
BASAL METABOLISM 90
GROSS BODY WEIGHT AS A STANDARD 91
FAT-FREE BODY MASS 93
REFERENCES 94
PART 2: APPLICATIONS IN NORMAL MAN 96
CHAPTER 7. RESEARCH ON BODY COMPOSITION AND ITS RELEVANCE FOR HUMAN BIOLOGY 98
BODY COMPOSITION IN ANIMALS 103
FUNCTIONAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATES 105
SEX, GROWTH, AND AGING 108
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 112
LOSS AND GAIN OF BODY WEIGHT 115
REFERENCES 125
ADDENDUM 129
REFERENCES 130
CHAPTER 8. STORES IN THE HUMAN BODY 134
REFERENCES 141
CHAPTER 9. SEX DIFFERENCE IN BODY COMPOSITION 142
REFERENCES 149
CHAPTER 10. BODY COMPOSITION, CULTURE, AND SEX: TWO COMMENTS 152
1. BODY COMPOSITION OF ADOLESCENT BOYS OF LIKE GENETIC CONSTITUTION BUT REARED IN SEPARATE CULTURES 152
2. BODY COMPOSITION OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS AND A COMPARISON WITH BOYS 164
REFERENCES 172
CHAPTER 11. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND BODY COMPOSITION 174
REFERENCES 185
CHAPTER 12. BODY COMPOSITION IN NORMAL ADULTS 190
MULTIPLE SIMULTANEOUS ISOTOPE DILUTIONAL METHODS 191
PREDICTION OF NORMAL BODY COMPOSITION 192
EXAMPLES OF NORMAL BODY COMPOSITION 193
FAT-FREE BODY AND BODY FAT 196
BODY CELL MASS 197
ALTERATIONS IN BODY COMPOSITION WITH INCREASING BODY WEIGHT 198
FARTHER HORIZONS 202
REFERENCES 202
CHAPTER 13. HYDROMETRY OF GROWTH AND AGING 204
BODY WATER COMPARTMENTS 204
REFERENCES 222
CHAPTER 14. RADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF BODY COMPOSITION IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS 226
METHODS 227
RESULTS 231
REFERENCES 249
PART 3: APPLICATIONS TO THE STUDY OF DISEASE 252
CHAPTER 15. APPLICATIONS TO THE STUDY OF DISEASE: AN INTRODUCTORY COMMENT 254
REFERENCES 257
CHAPTER 16. BODY COMPOSITION AND APPRAISAL OF NUTRITURE 260
NUTRIENT RESERVES 263
THE FAT COMPARTMENT AND FAT METABOLISM 263
THE BONE MINERAL COMPARTMENT 264
PROTEIN RESERVES AND THE BODY COMPARTMENTS 266
REFERENCES 269
PART II by J . D. L. HANSEN 270
REFERENCES 278
COMMENT by J . S. GARROW 278
CHAPTER 17. SOME EFFECTS OF MALNUTRITION ON BODY COMPOSITION 282
REFERENCES 286
CHAPTER 18. BODY COMPOSITION AND THE ETIOLOGY OF DEGENERATIVE DISEASES 288
REFERENCES 299
PART 4: APPENDIXES 302
APPENDIX 1: BODY COMPOSITION AND HUMAN BIOLOGY: AN EPILOGUE 304
THE PUBLISHED RECORD 304
TOOLS vs. PROBLEMS 308
REFERENCES 317
APPENDIX 2: BODY GELL MASS: A SPECIAL REVIEW 320
REFERENCES 328

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.1.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Physiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Humanbiologie
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-8269-4 / 1483282694
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-8269-5 / 9781483282695