Aroma Biotechnology

Ralf G. Berger (Autor)

Buch | Softcover

X, 240 Seiten

2011 | 1. Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1995
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-642-79375-2 (ISBN)

Artikel merken

Aroma biotechnology opens access to natural volatile flavors. Due to the attribute of "naturalness" these aromas are the most valuable ingredients for foods, cosmetics and related products. The author describes biocatalyzed reactions and biogenetic routes leading to aroma and flavor compounds and he depicts in detail their utilisation in industrial scale processes. All the important topics, including de-novo-synthesis, genetic engineering, in vitro rDNA methods, laboratory requirements and techniques, upscaling, product recovery, profitability, and legal aspects are covered. R.G. Berger contributes his own experimental experience to all except one chapter and leads the reader into state-of-the-art aroma biotechnology.

1 Aroma Compounds in Food.- 1.1 Aroma, Flavor, and Fragrance Compounds.- 1.2 Character Impact Components.- 1.3 Categories of Aromas.- 1.4 Functions of Aromas.- 1.5 Bioactivity of Aromas.- 2 The Roots: Empirical Food Biotechnologies and Formation of Aroma Compounds.- 2.1 Characterization of Yeasts.- 2.2 Aroma Development in Beer.- 2.3 Aroma Development in Wine.- 2.3.1 Yeast and Wine Aroma.- 2.3.2 Yeast Enzymes.- 2.3.3 Noble Rot Infected Grape IB.- 2.3.4 Malolactic Fermentation.- 2.3.5 Technological Developments.- 2.4 Yeast Cells As a Source of Aroma.- 2.5 Aromas of Fermented Milk.- 2.6 Bakery Products.- 2.7 Nondairy Acidic Fermentations.- 2.8 Fermented Plant Materials.- 2.9 Ethnic Food.- 2.9.1 Koji and Derivatives.- 2.9.2 Sake.- 2.9.3 Miscellaneous Fermented Food.- 2.10 Aroma Enhancement by Mixed Cultures.- 2.11 Conclusions.- 3 Why Novel Biotechnology of Aromas?.- 3.1 Aromas from Living Cells.- 3.2 The Legal Situation.- 3.3 The Potential of Biocatalysts.- 4 Laboratory Requirements and Techniques.- 4.1 Laboratory Equipment.- 4.2 The Biological Materials.- 4.3 Laboratory-Scale Cultivation.- 4.4 Nutrient Media.- 4.5 Analysis of Nonvolatiles.- 4.6 Analysis of Volatile Bioflavors.- 4.6.1 Chirospecific Gas Chromatography.- 4.6.2 Stable Isotope Analysis: IRMS and SNIF-NMR.- 5 Aroma Compounds from Microbial De Novo Synthesis.- 5.1 A Short History of Bioflavors.- 5.2 Oligo - Isoprenoids.- 5.3 Aliphatics.- 5.3.1 Carboxylic Acids.- 5.3.2 Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase Products.- 5.3.3 Carbonyls.- 5.3.4 Alkanols.- 5.3.5 Esters.- 5.4 Aromatics.- 5.4.1 Vanillin.- 5.4.2 Cinnamates.- 5.4.3 Heterocycles.- 5.5 Degradation of Off-Odor.- 5.6 Are Microbial Volatiles Secondary Metabolites?.- 6 Biotransformation/Bioconversion.- 6.1 Monoterpenes.- 6.2 Sesquiterpenes.- 6.3 Fatty Acid Derivatives.- 6.4 Aromatics and Heterocycles.- 7 Enzyme Technology.- 7.1 Lipases.- 7.1.1 Lipolysis.- 7.1.2 Kinetic Resolution of Racemates.- 7.1.3 Reverse Hydrolysis.- 7.1.4 Nonaqueous Reaction Media.- 7.1.5 Immobilization.- 7.2 Carbohydrases.- 7.2.1 Glycosidic Aroma Precursors.- 7.2.2 Other Glycanases.- 7.3 Proteases.- 7.4 Oxidoreductases.- 7.5 Miscellaneous Enzymes.- 7.6 Cofactor Recycling.- 8 Genetically Altered Catalysts.- 8.1 Mutants and Fusants.- 8.2 In Vitro rDNA Technique.- 8.2.1 Enzymes.- 8.2.2 Lactococci HO.- 8.2.3 Yeasts.- 8.2.4 Higher Fungi.- 8.2.5 Non-Food Species.- 9 Plant Catalysts.- 9.1 Plant Enzymes.- 9.1.1 Lipoxygenase Derived Aromas.- 9.2 Precursor Atmosphere Stored Fruits.- 9.3 In Vitro Plant Cell Culture.- 9.3.1 De Novo Syntheses.- 9.3.2 Differentiated Cells.- 9.3.3 Conversion and Conjugation Of Substrates.- 9.3.4 Key Parameters for the Production Of Aromas.- 9.3.5 Phototrophic in Vitro Cells.- 9.3.6 Plant Genetic Engineering.- 9.3.7 Scaling-Up Experiments.- 10 Bioprocess Technology.- 10.1 Bioreactor Design.- 10.1.1 Mode of Operation.- 10.1.2 Fluidized Bed Reactor.- 10.1.3 Application of Membranes.- 10.1.4 Solid State Reactor.- 10.1.5 Alternative Reactors.- 10.2 Process Monitoring.- 10.3 Downstreaming Volatile Flavors.- 10.3.1 Degradation of Volatiles.- 10.3.2 Inhibition Phenomena.- 10.3.3 Solid/Liquid Separation.- 10.3.4 Electrodialysis.- 10.3.5 Reactive Extraction.- 10.3.6 Two Phase Extraction.- 10.3.7 Solid Phase Extraction.- 10.3.8 Gas Extraction.- 10.3.9 Membranes.- 11 Toward an Industrial Application.- 11.1 Rapid Process Improvement.- 11.1.1 Improved Biotransformation.- 11.1.2 Improved De Novo Synthesis.- 11.2 Scaling-Up.- 11.3 Profitability Aspects.- 11.4 Present Industrial Applications.- 12 Outlook.- References.

"...a very welcome publication since, at last, one can find a sound introduction to the entire field of flavour biotechnology in one compact volume." - Int. J. of Cosmetic Science "Though a short book...it is dense with information from the diverse, multidisciplinary literature...an extremely comprehensive, interesting and useful review" - Food Australia

Erscheint lt. Verlag	8.12.2011
Zusatzinfo	X, 240 p.
Verlagsort	Berlin
Sprache	englisch
Maße	155 x 235 mm
Gewicht	393 g
Themenwelt	Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Organische Chemie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
	Technik ► Lebensmitteltechnologie
	Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
Schlagworte	Aroma • aroma compounds • Biocatalysts • Biokatalysator • Biokatalysatoren • Biotechnology • Flavor • Food • Genetic Engineering • Katalysator • Lebensmittel • Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe • Microorganism • Mikroorganismen • Reaction • scaling • Zusatzstoffe
ISBN-10	3-642-79375-4 / 3642793754
ISBN-13	978-3-642-79375-2 / 9783642793752
Zustand	Neuware