Metabolic Bone Disease and Clinically Related Disorders (eBook)

Louis V. Avioli, Stephen M. Krane (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

1997 | 3. Auflage
811 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-053627-9 (ISBN)

Infos

Metabolic Bone Disease, Third Edition is the new, expanded edition of the classic text, featuring the latest advancements and research information in this fast-moving field. The Third Edition includes the most up-to-date information on molecular mechanisms, basic biology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis and management strategies of metabolic bone disease.

Key Features
* Edited by 'fathers of the field'
* An expanded version of a classic AP text
* Complete coverage of a fast-growing field

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Metabolic Bone Disease, Third Edition is the new, expanded edition of the classic text, featuring the latest advancements and research information in this fast-moving field. The Third Edition includes the most up-to-date information on molecular mechanisms, basic biology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis and management strategies of metabolic bone disease. - Edited by "e;fathers of the field"e;- An expanded version of a classic AP text- Complete coverage of a fast-growing field

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Metabolic Bone Disease: and Clinically Related Disorders 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 12
Preface 16
Chapter 1. Embryology and Cellular Biology of Bone 20
I. Embryonic Skeletal Development 21
II. Limb Development and Pattern Regulation 21
III. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Development 23
IV. The Role of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide in Development 23
V. Fibroblast Growth Factors and Skeletal Development 23
VI. Cells of the Osteoblast Lineage 24
VII. The Osteoclast 28
VIII. Cell–Cell Interaction in Bone Remodeling 31
IX. Colony-Stimulating Factors and Bone 32
X. The Transforming Growth Factor ß Family 32
XI. Other Growth Factors (FGF, VEGF, PDGF, and HGF) 34
XII. Cell–Matrix Interactions 35
References 36
Chapter 2. The Nature of the Mineral Phase in Bone: Biological and Clinical Implications 42
I. Biological Functions of the Mineral Phase 42
II. The General Nature of the Mineral Phase in Bone and the Changes That Occur with Time 47
III. Postulated Phases Other Than Apatite as the Initial Solid Ca-P Mineral Phase Deposited in Bone 48
IV. Crystal Size and Shape 51
V. Recent Studies of the Structure of Bone Apatities and the Applications of These Date to Clinical and Experimental Abnormalities and Diseases of Bone 55
References 65
Chapter 3. Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide in Calcium Homeostasis, Bone Metabolism, and Bone Development: The Proteins, Their Genes, and Receptors 70
I. Introduction: Regulators of Mineral Ion Homeostasis 71
II. Parathyroid Hormone 72
III. Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide 86
IV. Receptors That Mediate Analogous and Distinct Molecular Actions of PTH and PTHrP 92
V. Summary: Overall Biological Roles of PTH and PTHrP and Their Cloned Receptors 101
References 102
Chapter 4. Calcitonin 114
I. Nature of Calcitonin 115
II. Chemistry 117
III. Biosynthesis 118
IV. Secretion and Metabolism 120
V. Actions of Calcitonin 121
VI. Calcitonin Receptor 127
VII. Calcitonin in Clinical Medicine 132
VIII. Summary 132
References 133
Chapter 5. Vitamin D Metabolism and Biological Function 142
I. History of Vitamin D 143
II. Photobiology of Vitamin D3 146
III. Intestinal Absorption of Vitamin D 150
IV. Metabolism of Vitamin D to 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 151
V. Metabolism of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-Hydroxyvitamin D 154
VI. Altemative Metabolism of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 158
VII. Metabolism of Vitamin D2 160
VIII. Biological Actions of 1,25(OH)2D 161
IX. Biological Actions of 1,25(OH)2D in Tissues Regulating Calcium Balance 163
X. Actions of Vitamin D Metabolites and Analogs in Nonclassical Target Tissues 164
XI. Assays for Vitamin D and Its Metabolites 167
XlI. Conclusion 174
References 175
Chapter 6. Pathophysiology of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Absorption 184
I. Calcium 184
II. Phosphate 202
III. Magnesium 209
References 214
Chapter 7. Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis 226
I. Phosphate Homeostasis 226
II. Hypophosphatemia 235
III. Hyperphosphatemia 245
References 249
Chapter 8. Bone Biopsies: A Modern Approach 256
I. Function and Structure of the Skeleton 256
II. Bone Biopsies 263
III. Mineralized Bone Histology Techniques 266
IV. Molecular Bone Histology 268
V. Evaluation of Bone 270
VI. Indications For and Information Derived from Bone Biopsies 275
VII. Information Derived from Molecular Histology 287
References 288
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Assessment of Bone 294
I. Introduction 294
II. Radiation-Based Assessment of Bone 296
III. Assessment of Bone without Radiation 311
IV. Standardization and Quality Assurance in Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry 317
V. Clinical Applications 319
References 322
Chapter 10. Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover 332
I. Introduction 332
II. Bone Matrix, Minerals, and Cells 333
III. Bone Turnover: Modeling and Remodeling 333
IV. Biochemistry of Bone Turnover 334
V. Markers of Bone Formation 335
VI. Markers of Bone Resorption 337
VII. 24-Hour Variation in Markers of Bone Turnover 340
VIII. Potential Use of Biochemical Markers 340
IX. Conclusions 343
References 343
Chapter 11. Osteomalacia and Related Disorders 346
I. Bone Mineralization and the Mechanisms of Osteoid Accumulation 347
II. Manifestations of Osteomalacia 357
III. Etiological Classification and Pathogenesis of Osteomalacia 368
IV. Osteomalacia Resulting from Abnormal Vitamin D Metabolism 373
V. Vitamin D and Age-Related Osteoporosis 379
VI. Osteomalacia Resulting from Abnormal Phosphate Metabolism 380
VII. Osteomalacia with Normal Vitamin D and Phosphate Metabolism 386
VIII. Therapeutic Intervention in Osteomalacia 389
References 393
Chapter 12. Osteoporosis Pathogenesis and Therapy 406
I. Definition 406
II. Physiological Osteoporosis 408
III. Diagnostic Aids 409
IV. Classification 414
V. Management 416
References 425
Chapter 13. Primary Hyperparathyroidism 430
I. Introduction 430
II. Etiology and Pathology 431
III. Clinical Features: Changing Clinical Presentation 437
IV. Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis 445
V. Medical Management of Hypercalcemia and Hyperparathyroidism 450
VI. Summary 454
References 454
Chapter 14. Renal Osteodystrophy 462
I. Introduction 462
II. Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Osteitis Fibrosa 462
III. Osteomalacia 470
IV. Bone Histology 470
V. Clinical and Biochemical Features of Altered Divalent–Ion Metabolism 472
VI. Radiographic Features of Renal Osteodystrophy 474
VII. Extraskeletal Calcifications 475
VIII. Therapeutic Approach to Renal Osteodystrophy 475
References 479
Chapter 15. Surgical Treatment for Hyperparathyroidism 484
I. History of Surgery for Hyperparathyroidism 484
II. Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Preoperative Evaluation 485
III. Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Conduct of the Operation 488
IV. Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Management of Patients with Persistent or Recurrent Hyperparathyroidism 491
V. Operative Management of Patients with Parathyroid Carcinoma 494
VI. Operative Management of Patients with Renal Osteodystrophy 494
VII. Postoperative Management 494
References 496
Chapter 16. Familial Benign Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia and Other Syndromes of Altered Responsiveness to Extracellular Calcium 498
I. Introduction 498
II. Syndromes of Extracellular Calcium Resistance 499
III. Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia—A Syndrome of Increased Responsiveness of Target Tissues to Cao2+ 512
IV. Summary and Conclusions 515
References 515
Chapter 17. Hypoparathyroidism and Pseudohypoparathyroidism 520
I. Introduction 520
II. Pathophysiology of Hypocalcemia 521
III. Signs and Symptoms of Hypocalcemia 523
IV. Specific Causes of Functional Hypoparathyroidism 524
V. Pseudohypoparathyroidism 529
VI. Diagnosis 538
VII. Treatment 540
VIII. Conclusion 541
References 541
Chapter 18. Bone Disease in Hyperthyroidism 550
I. Grades of Hyperthyroidism 550
II. Overt Hyperthyroidism 551
III. Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism 553
IV. Exogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: Thyroid Hormone Suppressive Therapy 554
V. Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy 558
VI. Treatment and Prevention of Thyroid Hormone–Mediated Bone Loss 558
VII. Conclusions 560
References 560
Chapter 19. Paget's Disease of Bone 564
I. Historical Aspects 564
II. Incidence and Epidemiology 564
III. Histopathology 566
IV. Focal Manifestations 573
V. Local Complications 581
VI. Metabolic Aspects of Paget's Disease 588
VII. Systemic Complications and Associated Diseases 597
VIII. Drug Treatment 600
IX. Surgery 611
X. Etiology 612
References 615
Chapter 20. Sarcoidosis and Related Disorders 626
I. Granulomatous and Infectious Diseases 626
II. Lymphoma and Solid Tumors 632
III. Miscellaneous Diseases 633
References 634
Chapter 21. Bone Disease in Rheumatological Disorders 640
I. Introduction 640
II. Rheumatoid Arthritis 641
III. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies 645
IV. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 647
V. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis 647
References 652
Chapter 22. Hypercalcemia of Malignancy 656
I. Pathophysiology 656
II. Clinical Features 661
III. Treatment 662
References 665
Chapter 23. Osteogenesis Imperfecta 670
I. Introduction 670
II. Perspective: Clinical Introduction 670
III. Clinical Features 676
IV. Pathophysiology 682
V. Collagen Biochemistry and Bone Cell Biology as Related to OI 685
VI. Biochemical and Molecular Tools for the Identification of Mutations in Patients with OI 689
VII. Molecular Pathophysiology of OI 692
VIII. Therapy 697
IX. Future Diagnostic and Therapeutic Directions 700
References 702
Chapter 24. Skeletal Disorders Characterized by Osteosclerosis or Hyperostosis 716
I. Introduction 716
II. Osteopetrosis 717
III. Carbonic Anhydrase II Deficiency 722
IV. Pycnodysostosis 724
V. Osteomesopyknosis 726
VI. Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia (Camurati- Engelmann Disease) 726
VII. Endosteal Hyperostosis 729
VIII. Osteopoikilosis 732
IX. Osteopathia Striata 734
X. Melorheostosis 735
XI. Mixed Sclerosing Bone Dystrophy 737
XII. Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva 738
XIII. Axial Osteomalacia 741
XIV. Fibrogenesis Imperfecta Ossium 745
XV. Fluorosis 747
XVI. Pachydermoperiostosis 748
XVII. Hepatitis C–Associated Osteosclerosis 750
XVIII. Other Disorders 750
References 751
Chapter 25. Kidney Stones: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy 758
I. Introduction 758
II. Hypercalciuria 759
III. Hyperuricosuria 766
IV. Hyperoxaluria 767
V. Hypocitraturia 769
VI. Gouty Diathesis 771
VII. Cystinuria 772
VIII. Infection with Urea-Splitting Organisms 774
IX. Conservative Management 774
References 775
Chapter 26. Metabolic Bone Disease in Children 778
I. Introduction 778
II. Skeletal Development 778
III. Rickets and Osteomalacia 783
References 796
Index 804
Color Plate Section 832

Textauszug

Contributors

Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors’ contributions begin.

John S. Adams(123)     University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90048

Louis V. Avioli(387)     Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

Mei Bai(479)     Endocrine-Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Norman H. Bell(607)     Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina and Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401

Edward M. Brown(479)     Endocrine-Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Claus Christiansen(313)     Center for Clinical and Basic Research, Ballerup, Denmark

Roberto Civitelli(165)     Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

James A. Delmez(443)     The Renal Division and Chromalloy American Kidney Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

Gerard M. Doherty(465)     Section of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

D.M. Findlay(95)     St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia

Thomas P. Fuerst(275)     Osteoporosis & Arthritis Group, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143

Harry K. Genant(275)     Osteoporosis & Arthritis Research Group, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143

Melvin J. Glimcher(23)     Laboratory for the Study of Skeletal Disorders and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Francis H. Glorieux(759)     Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children and Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1A6, Canada

Steven R. Goldring(621)     Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Medical Services (Arthritis Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and New England Baptist Bone and Joint Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215

Anandarup Gupta(207)     Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

Christian Hassager(313)     Center for Clinical and Basic Research, Ballerup, Denmark

Michael F. Holick(123)     Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118

Keith Hruska(207)     Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

Michael Jergas(275)     Department of Radiology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany

Harald Jüppner(51)     Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114

Gerard Karsenty(759)     Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030

Michael Kleerekoper(387)     Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201

Stephen M. Krane(545)     Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Arthritis Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114

M. Chris Langub(237)     Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536

Rattana Leelawattana(165)     Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

Michael A. Levine(501)     Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Hartmut H. Malluche(237)     Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536

T.J. Martin(95)     St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia

Marie-Claude Monier-Faugere(237)     Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536

J.M. Moseley(95)     St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia

Gregory R. Mundy(637)     University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284

Charles Y.C. Pak(739)     University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235

A.M, Parfitt(327)     Division of Endocrinology and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205

Richard P. Polisson(621)     Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Medical Services (Arthritis Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Medicine, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and New England Baptist Bone and Joint Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215

Martin Pollak(479)     Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

John T. Potts, Jr.(51, 411)     Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114

Lawrence G. Raisz(1)     Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030

Bente Juel Riis(313)     Center for Clinical and Basic Research, Ballerup, Denmark

Gideon A. Rodon(1)     Department of Bone Biology/Osteoporosis, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Labs, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486

Douglas S. Ross(531)     Thyroid Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114

David W. Rowe(651)     Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032

P.M. Sexton(95)     St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia

Jay R. Shapiro(651)     Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland 21224

Frederick R. Singer(545)     John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California 90404

Eduardo Slatopolsky(443)     The Renal Division and Chromalloy American Kidney Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 8.10.1997
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Chirurgie ► Unfallchirurgie / Orthopädie
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Endokrinologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Angewandte Physik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-053627-1 / 0080536271
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-053627-9 / 9780080536279