New Frontiers in Respiratory Control (eBook)

XIth Annual Oxford Conference on Modeling and Control of Breathing

Ikuo Homma, Hiroshi Onimaru, Yoshinosuke Fukuchi (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2010 | 2010
XXVI, 382 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-1-4419-5692-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Breathing is performed by the rhythmic contraction of respiratory muscles. It ma- tains homeostasis of the organism by taking in the oxygen necessary to live and work and by controlling the level of CO within the organism. At first glance, breathing 2 seems simple; however, it is produced by a complex system in the brain with various afferents and efferents. The control of breathing is of the utmost importance in s- taining life, and although more than 150 years have passed since research on brea- ing control was first begun, many unsolved mysteries still remain. Breathing is like watching the tides at a beach that are created by the vast, complex open sea. The first Oxford Conference on Modeling and Control of Breathing was held 30 years ago in September of 1978 at the University Laboratory of Physiology in Oxford, England. During this first conference, the participants engaged in a hot d- cussion on the problem of whether breathing rhythm was produced by pacemaker cells or a neural network. This was before the discovery of the Bötinger complex in the medulla, and at the time, central chemoreceptive areas were still the focus of research. This conference was an especially unforgettable moment in the dawning of the new age of respiratory research. It has since been held every 3 years in various countries around the globe and is widely appreciated as the best respiratory meeting in the world.

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Breathing is performed by the rhythmic contraction of respiratory muscles. It ma- tains homeostasis of the organism by taking in the oxygen necessary to live and work and by controlling the level of CO within the organism. At first glance, breathing 2 seems simple; however, it is produced by a complex system in the brain with various afferents and efferents. The control of breathing is of the utmost importance in s- taining life, and although more than 150 years have passed since research on brea- ing control was first begun, many unsolved mysteries still remain. Breathing is like watching the tides at a beach that are created by the vast, complex open sea. The first Oxford Conference on Modeling and Control of Breathing was held 30 years ago in September of 1978 at the University Laboratory of Physiology in Oxford, England. During this first conference, the participants engaged in a hot d- cussion on the problem of whether breathing rhythm was produced by pacemaker cells or a neural network. This was before the discovery of the Botinger complex in the medulla, and at the time, central chemoreceptive areas were still the focus of research. This conference was an especially unforgettable moment in the dawning of the new age of respiratory research. It has since been held every 3 years in various countries around the globe and is widely appreciated as the best respiratory meeting in the world.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Conference Proceedings 8
Conference Overview 14
Contents 20
Comparative Aspects 28
Evidence for a Distributed Respiratory Rhythm Generating Network in the Goldfish ( Carassius auratus) 29
Fictive Lung Ventilation in the Isolated Brainstem Preparation of the Aquatic Frog, Xenopus Laevis 34
Development 38
Loss of Pre-Inspiratory Neuron Synchroneity in Mice with DSCAM Deficiency 39
Central Respiratory Failure in a Mouse Model Depends on the Genetic Background of the Host 44
Adrenaline Modulates on the Respiratory Network Development 48
Ontogeny of Cl- Homeostasis in Mouse Hypoglossal Nucleus 52
Anatomical Changes of Phrenic Motoneurons During Development 55
Postnatal Changes in Morphology and Dendritic Organization of Neurones Located in the Area of the Kölliker-Fuse Nucleus of Rat 59
Modeling 64
Geometrical Analysis of Bursting Pacemaker Neurons Generated by Computational Models: Comparison to In Vitro Pre- Bötzinger Complex Bursting Neurons 65
Origami Model for Breathing Alveoli 69
Biologically Variable Respiration as a Stochastic Process in Ventilation – a Stochastic Model Study 73
Future Perspectives – Proposal for Oxford Physiome Project 76
Homeostatic Competition: Evidence of a Serotonin- Gated Spinoparabrachial Pathway for Respiratory and Thermoregulatory Interaction 80
A Simplified Model for Explaining Negative Feedback to Beginners in Life Sciences 85
Paradoxical Potentiation of Exercise Hyperpnea Chemoreflex Model and Supports a Respiratory Optimization Model in Congestive Heart Failure Contradicts Sherrington 87
Respiratory rhythm generation 91
Indirect Opioid Actions on Inspiratory pre-Bötzinger Complex Neurons in Newborn Rat Brainstem Slices 92
Multiphoton/Confocal Ca2+-Imaging of Inspiratory pre- Bötzinger Complex Neurons at the Rostral or Caudal Surface of Newborn Rat Brainstem Slices 97
Phox2b Expressing Neurons in the Most Rostral Medulla of Newborn Rats 102
Depression by Ca2+ and Stimulation by K+ of Fictive Inspiratory Rhythm in Newborn Rat Brainstem Slices 106
Glycinergic Interneurons in the Respiratory Network of the Rhythmic Slice Preparation 111
Neuromodulation 115
Cholinergic Sensitivity of the Developing Bullfrog ( Rana catesbeiana) Does Not Explain Vulnerability to Chronic Nicotine Exposure 116
Modulation of Respiratory Activity by Hypocretin-1 ( Orexin A) In Situ and In Vitro 121
Effect of JM-1232(-), a New Sedative on Central Respiratory Activity in Newborn Rats 126
PACAP Modulates the Respiratory Rhythm Generated in the Brainstem Slice Preparation 130
Caffeine Reversal of Opioid-Evoked and Endogenous Inspiratory Depression in Perinatal Rat En Bloc Medullas and Slices 134
Acute Morphine Effects on Respiratory Activity in Mice with Target Deletion of the Tachykinin 1 Gene ( Tac1-/-) 139
Respiratory rhythm and motor pattern generation 143
Active Inspiratory-Expiratory Phase Switching Mechanism Exists in the Neonatal Nucleus Parabrachialis 144
Influence of 5- HT2A Receptor Blockade on Phrenic Nerve Discharge at Three Levels of Extracellular K+ in Arterially- Perfused Adult Rat 148
The Generation of Post-Inspiratory Activity in Laryngeal Motoneurons: A Review 152
Plasticity of Respiratory Rhythm-Generating Mechanisms in Adult Goats 159
Abdominal Respiratory Motor Pattern in the Rat 164
What Does the Multi-peaked Respiratory Output Pattern Tell Us About the Respiratory Pattern Generating Neuronal Network? 169
The Diaphragm: a Hidden but Essential Organ for the Mammal and the Human 173
Upper Airway and Abdominal Motor Output During Sneezing: Is the In Vivo Decererate Rat an Adequate Model? 178
Laudanosine has No Effects on Respiratory Activity but Induces Non- Respiratory Excitement Activity in Isolated Brainstem- Spinal Cord Preparation of Neonatal Rats 182
Influence of Extracellular [K+] on Inspiratory Network Complexity of Phrenic and Hypoglossal Nerve Discharge in Arterially-Perfused Adult Rat 186
Bilateral Lesions of Pontine Kölliker-Fuse Nuclei Provoke Apnea instead of Apneusis in Anesthetized Adult Rats 190
Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2-Immunoreactive Synapses onto Phrenic Motoneurons in the Neonatal Rat 194
Hypoxic sensing 198
Hypoxic Responses of Arterial Chemoreceptors in Rabbits are Primarily Mediated by Leak K Channels 199
Halothane and Sevoflurane Exert Different Degrees of Inhibition on Carotid Body Glomus Cell Intracellular Ca2+ Response to Hypoxia 204
Differential Effects of Halothane and Isoflurane on Carotid Body Glomus Cell Intracellular Ca2+ and Background K+ Channel Responses to Hypoxia 208
‘Hypoxic Ventilatory Decline’ in the Intracellular Ca2+ Response to Sustained Isocapnic Hypoxia in Carotid Body Glomus Cells 212
Intracellular Diffusion of Oxygen and Hypoxic Sensing: Role of Mitochondrial Respiration 216
Integrative aspect of control of breathing 221
Measuring the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response 222
Multiple Pathways to Long-Lasting Phrenic Motor Facilitation 226
Phase Relations Between Rhythmical Movements and Breathing in Wind Instrument Players 232
Circadian Changes in Respiratory Responses to Acute Hypoxia and Histamine H1 Receptors in Mice 236
Chemical Control of Airway and Ventilatory Responses Mediated Via Dorsomedial Medullary 5- HT2 Receptors 240
Hypothalamic Modulation of Breathing 244
Rapid Increase to Double Breathing Rate Appears During REM Sleep in Synchrony with REM – A Higher CNS Control of Breathing? – 249
The Diaphragmatic Activities During Trunk Movements 253
Sleep apnea 257
GABAergic and Glycinergic Control of Upper Airway Motoneurons in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep 258
Antioxidant Treatment Does Not Prevent Chronic Hypoxia- Induced Respiratory Muscle Impairment in Developing Rats 262
Respiratory Plasticity in the Behaving Rat Following Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia 266
Cardiorespiratory Alterations Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia in a Rat Model of Sleep Apnea 270
Model-Based Studies of Autonomic and Metabolic Dysfunction in Sleep Apnea 274
Noradrenergic Control of Trigeminal Motoneurons in Sleep: Relevance to Sleep Apnea 279
Intermittent Hypoxia Impairs Pharyngeal Dilator Muscle Function in Male But Not Female Rats 283
Sleep Loss Reduces Respiratory Motor Plasticity 286
Role of Neurotrophic Signaling Pathways in Regulating Respiratory Motor Plasticity 290
Repeated Obstructive Apneas Induce Long-term Facilitation of Genioglossus Muscle Tone 294
Mouse Models of Apnea: Strain Differences in Apnea Expression and its Pharmacologic and Genetic Modification 299
Muscle and exercise 304
Influence of Cycling History on the Ventilatory Response to Cycle-Ergometry in Humans: A Role for Respiratory Memory? 305
Low pH Enhances Response of Thin Muscle Afferents to Mechanical Stimuli 309
Effects of Deconditioning on the Initial Ventilatory and Circulatory Responses at the Onset of Exercise in Man 313
Kinetics of the Ventilatory and Metabolic Responses to Moderate-Intensity Exercise in Humans following Prior Exercise-Induced Metabolic Acidaemia 317
Higher brain function and dyspnea 321
Characteristics of Respiratory Pattern and Anxiety in Rhythmic Gymnasts 322
Effects of Hypocapnia on Spontaneous Burst Activity in the Piriform- Amygdala Complex of Newborn Rat Brain Preparations In Vitro 326
Breathing and Noh: Emotional Breathing 330
Patterns of Brain Activity in Response to Respiratory Stimulation in Patients with Idiopathic Hyperventilation (IHV). 334
Respiratory Response toward Olfactory Stimuli might be an Index for Odor- Induced Emotion and Recognition 339
Periaqueductal Gray Control of Breathing 345
Author Index 351
Subject Index 359

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 10.3.2010
• Reihe/Serie: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
• Reihe/Serie: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
• Zusatzinfo: XXVI, 382 p.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Pneumologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Physiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Humanbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zoologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Brainstem • chemoreception • control of respiration • neurons • Respiratory Medicine • respiratory rhythm generation • sleep apnea syndrome
• ISBN-10: 1-4419-5692-1 / 1441956921
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4419-5692-7 / 9781441956927