Multimedia Cartography (eBook)

William Cartwright, Michael P Peterson, Georg Gartner (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2007 | 2nd ed. 2007
XXVI, 546 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-36651-5 (ISBN)

Infos

The explosion of interactive multimedia cartography products, on online, has generated an immense interest in developing methodologies that best exploit both the technology and the distribution capabilities of multimedia mapping. From a discussion of theoretical elements of multimedia cartography, to chapters on specific products and production tools, to an analysis of future technologies and applications, this is a comprehensive and absorbing exploration of a fast-moving field.

William Cartwright is Professor of Cartography and Geographical Visualization at RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, where he specializes in the application of New Media technologies to Cartography. He joined the University after spending a number of years in both the government and private sectors of the mapping industry. He holds undergraduate qualifications in Cartography and graduate qualifications in education, media studies, information and communication technology education and graphic design. He is Vice-President of the International Cartographic Association.

Michael P. Peterson is a Professor in the Department of Geography/Geology at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. He received his B.A. from the University of Wisconsin-River Falls, his M.A. from Boston University and Ph.D. from the State University of New York-Buffalo (1982). He has served as Visiting Professor at Universities in USA, Canada, Germany and Austria. He is past-President of the North American Cartographic Information Society (NACIS). He is currently chair of the Maps and the Internet Commission of the International Cartographic Association.

Georg Gartner is a Professor of Cartography at the Vienna University of Technology. He received his Mag. from the University of Vienna and his Dr. and Habilitation from the Vienna University of Technology. He received a Fulbright Grant to the USA and was a research fellow in Australia and Canada. He currently serves as a vice-chair of the Maps and Internet Commission of the International Cartographic Association and as Editor of the Journal on LBS.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 7
List of Contributors 19
1 Multimedia Cartography 26
1.1 Introduction 26
1.2 Visualizing geography 27
1.3 Access to geographical information 28
1.4 A Different map 28
1.5 Multimedia as an information interface 30
1.6 Visualizing Multimedia Cartography 31
1.7 About this book 34
References 35
2 Development of Multimedia 36
2.1 Introduction 36
2.2 In the beginning ... 37
2.3 Pre-electronic multimedia 37
2.4 Hypertext 41
2.5 Hypermedia and Multimedia 42
2.6 Hypermaps 47
2.7 Multimedia and maps 48
2.8 From packaged media to distributed media 52
2.9 Conclusion 54
References 54
3 The Internet and Multimedia Cartography 60
3.1 Introduction 60
3.2 Internet development 60
3.3 Maps and the Internet 62
3.4 Internet use and Internet Map Use 62
3.5 Research in Internet Cartography 67
3.6 Theory to support Internet Cartography 67
3.7 Summary and suggestions 73
References 73
4 Development of Multimedia - Mobile and Ubiquitous 76
4.1 Introduction 76
4.2 Elements of Cartographic LBS 76
4.3 Infrastructure Developments: Towards ubiquitous environments 81
4.4 Navigation Systems as possible applications of LBS 83
4.5 Conclusion 86
References 87
5 Elements of Multimedia Cartography 88
5.1 Introduction 88
5.2 The Meaning of Multimedia Cartography 89
5.3 The Paradigm of Multimedia Cartography 90
5.4 Elements of the Multimedia Cartography Paradigm 92
5.5 Conclusion 96
References 97
6 Designing Suitable Cartographic Multimedia Presentations 99
6.1 Introduction 99
6.2 Media functions and media as artefact 99
6.3 Functions of media in information perception 100
6.4 Functions of media in knowledge generation 101
6.5 Functions of media according to the purpose of communication 105
6.6 Media as artefacts 107
6.7 Conclusion 109
References 110
7 Design of Multimedia Mapping Products 112
7.1 Introduction 112
7.2 Components and Design of Multimedia Map-Based Products 115
7.3 Conclusion 124
References 124
8 Map Concepts in Multimedia Products 128
8.1 Introduction 128
8.2 General Map- and Atlas-related Concepts 129
8.3 Conclusion 137
References 138
9 Territorial Evolution of Canada - An Interactive Multimedia Cartographic Presentation 139
9.1 Introduction 139
9.2 Background of Product Development 140
9.3 Example of an Interactive Multimedia Presentation 141
9.4 The Internet Implementation 147
9.5 Conclusions 148
References 148
10 Wula Na Lnuwe’kati: A Digital Multimedia Atlas 150
10.1 Introduction 150
10.2 Target Audience 150
10.3 Selection of Chapters 151
10.4 Software 152
10.5 Production of Base Maps 152
10.6 Media Choices 153
10.7 Conclusions 157
11 The Atlas of Canada – User Centred Development 159
11.1 An Evolution in Mapping 159
11.2 User Centred Development and Design 161
11.3 The Value of the User Centred Design Process 167
11.4 Case Studies 168
References 179
URLs Cited 180
12 Atlas of Switzerland 2 - A highly interactive thematic national atlas 181
12.1 Introduction 181
12.2 Brief history of the 182
12.3 Basic concepts and other thoughts 184
12.4 Organisation and implementation 188
12.5 The 2D world: maps are beautiful 192
12.6 Switzerland in 3D 196
12.7 Conclusions and outlook 200
References 201
13 AIS-Austria – An Atlas Information System of Austria 203
13.1 General Overview 203
13.2 AIS-Austria Concept 205
13.3 AIS-Austria Requirements 206
13.4 AIS-Austria Functionality 208
13.5 AIS-Austria System Structure 211
13.6 Conclusion and Outlook 213
References 214
14 Toward a New Generation of Community Atlases - The Cybercartographic Atlas of Antarctica 215
14.1 Introduction 215
14.2 The Cybercartographic Atlas of Antarctica Project 217
14.3 Atlas design: modularity and interoperability 218
14.4 The atlas development framework 222
14.5 The Atlas from the end user’s perspective 225
14.6 Discussion/conclusion: opening the atlas 232
14.7 Acknowledgements 233
References 234
15 The Employment of 3D in Cartography – An Overview 237
15.1 Introduction 237
15.2 Perceptive/Cognitive Aspects 238
15.3 Technical Aspects 241
15.4 Conclusion 246
References 247
16 Non-Photorealistic 3D Geovisualization 249
16.1 Background and Motivation 249
16.2 Photorealism and Its Limitations for Geovisualization 249
16.3 Non-Photorealistic Computer Graphics 251
16.4 Non-Photorealistic Terrain Illustration 255
16.5 Non-Photorealistic City Model Illustration 256
16.6 Conclusions 258
References 259
17 Real-Time Virtual Landscapes 261
17.1 Potentials, Limitations, and Challenges 261
17.2 3D Landscape Models 262
17.3 Functionality of Real-Time Virtual Landscape Systems 263
17.4 Building Blocks of Virtual Landscapes 265
17.5 3D Building Modeling 266
17.6 3D Vegetation Modeling 267
17.7 Real-Time Landscape Rendering Techniques 269
17.8 Navigating Through Virtual Landscapes 269
17.9 Case Study: The Lost Italian Gardens 271
17.10 Conclusions 272
References 273
18 Digital Globes 275
18.1 Introduction 275
18.2 Categories of Digital Globes 275
18.3 What makes Digital Globes superior? 277
18.4 How suitable is a theme for a digital globe? 279
18.5 Examples of Digital Globes 280
18.6 Hologlobes 284
18.7 Conclusion 285
References 286
19 Augmented Reality as a Medium for Cartography 287
19.1 Introduction 287
19.2 Augmented Reality technology 289
19.3 Augmented reality visualization 293
19.4 Case study: Augmented map system 294
19.5 Mobile Augmented Reality 296
19.6 Case Study: 297
19.7 Conclusion 299
References 299
20 Virtual Reality in Urban Planning and Design 302
20.1 Introduction 302
20.2 A User focus, not technology lead 303
20.3 Town Planning in Australia 303
20.4 Pressures for Change 304
20.5 Towards a 3D Planning Scheme 306
20.6 Modelling and Simulation oh….and games
20.7 RMIT approach to (ever) larger scale visualisations 308
20.8 Parallel Developments 310
20.9 Directions 310
20.10 Conclusion 312
References 312
21 Education and E-Learning with Virtual Landscapes 314
21.1 Introduction 314
21.2 Related Work 315
21.3 Background on Constructionist Learning 317
21.4 Interactivity and Interaction 319
21.5 3D Representation 320
21.6 The concept of virtual landscapes 322
21.7 An example scenario for the virtual landscape 323
21.8 Fundamentals for delivery and presentation of virtual landscapes 325
21.9 The prototype of the virtual landscape 326
21.10 Future developments 329
21.11 Conclusion 331
References 331
22 Cartography and the use of animation 336
22.1 Introduction - Why cartographic animation? 336
22.2 Spatial data and the type animations 337
22.3 Cartographic animation environment and visualization strategies 341
22.4 Conclusions 344
References 344
23 Multimodal Analytical Visualisation of Spatio- Temporal Data 346
23.1 Introduction 346
23.2 Visualisation of Spatial Time-Series in Computer Cartography and Statistical Graphics 348
23.3 Visualisation of Local Behaviours 349
23.4 Combining Tools for Behaviour Exploration 352
23.5 Discussion and Conclusions 362
References 364
24 Games and Geography 366
24.1 Introduction 366
24.2 What is a game? 366
24.3. Cultural Geography Place and Games 369
24.4. Games Involving Geography 370
24.5. Game Issues 372
24.6 Conclusion 374
References 374
25 Virtual Queenscliff: A Computer Game Approach for Depicting Geography 377
25.1 Introduction 377
25.2 Background to the Emergence of a Game Approach 378
25.3 The Prototype – Virtual Queenscliff 379
25.4. Conclusion 385
References 386
26 Maps and LBS – Supporting wayfinding by cartographic means 387
26.1 Introduction 387
26.2 Analysis of route descriptions and sketches 388
26.3 Wayfinding test: How much detail is necessary to support wayfinding 389
26.4 General design goals of route descriptions 391
26.5 Presentation forms 392
26.6 Conclusion 397
Acknowledgments 398
References 398
27 Adaptation in mobile and ubiquitous cartography 401
27.1 Introduction 401
27.2 Challenges of mobile and ubiquitous cartography 401
27.3 Mobile Internet and mobile map services 404
27.4 Mobile geographic information usage context 406
27.5 Adaptation of geographic information 409
27.6 Adaptation of geographic information in mobile map services 412
27.7 Conclusion and outlook 414
References 415
28 A Real-World implementation of Multimedia Cartography in LBS: The Whereis ® Mobile Application Suite 416
28.1 Introduction 416
28.2 Location 416
28.3 Webraska Mobile Technologies 417
28.4 SmartZone Application Concept 418
28.5 SmartZone Applications in Australia 420
28.6 Sensis Wireless Platform (SWP) 421
28.7 SWP for 3G 424
28.8 Conclusion 431
References 431
29 Standards and Open Source for Cartographic Multimedia Applications 432
29.1 Introduction 432
29.2 Intention and benefits of standards in multimedia map creation 433
29.3 Organisations and standardisation 439
29.4 Selection of standardised formats 440
29.5 Conclusion and vision 442
References 443
30 Scalable Vector Graphics and Web Map Publishing 444
30.1 Introduction 444
30.2 Open Standards 445
30.3 Using Scalable Vector Graphics to publish Web Maps 446
30.4 Case Study: Developing school SVG-Based school atlases 450
30.5 Interface Design – Template 4 451
30.6 Template four – code and interaction 452
30.7 Final Product 455
30.8 Conclusion 457
References 457
31 Cartographic Approaches to Web Mapping Services 458
31.1 Introduction 458
31.2 Web Map Services 462
31.3 Web Map Design 464
31.4 Thematic Information 466
31.5 Cartographic Network 468
31.6 Conclusions 469
References 469
32 From Mapping Physical and Human Geographies to Mapping ‘ Personal Geographies’: Privacy and Security Issues 471
32.1 Introduction 471
32.2 The Internet and information access 472
32.3 Mapping Personal Geographies 472
32.4 Privacy 473
32.5 Going on-line with the Internet 474
32.6 Going wireless 475
32.7 Wireless and location 476
32.8 Business interest in LBS 477
32.9 Privacy concerns 478
32.10 Security and privacy initiatives 479
32.11 Problems with developing technology 481
32.12 Privacy issues 483
32.13 Conclusion 484
References 484
33 Location and Access: Issues Enabling Accessibility of Information 487
33.1 Introduction 487
33.2 Accessibility 488
33.3 The basics of accessibility 489
33.4 Alternative content creation 493
33.5 Location specific information 494
33.6 Location identification 494
33.7 Location based accessibility 495
33.8 Location/time based accessibility 496
33.9 Language accessibility 496
33.10 Common language descriptions 497
33.11 User needs and preferences profiles 498
33.12 Resource descriptions 499
33.13 Inclusive servers 500
33.14 Conclusion and overall emerging possibilities 500
Acknowledgements 501
References 501
34 Use and Users of Multimedia Cartography 502
34.1 Introduction 502
34.2 Setting the scene 504
34.3 The nature of use and user research 505
34.4 Case study: a user-centred design approach for mobile tourism applications 511
34.5 Conclusion 516
References 517
35 Future Directions for Multimedia Cartography 520
35.1 Introduction 520
35.2 Multimedia and Cartography: New Opportunities 521
35.3 The Nature and Quality of the Content of Multimedia Data 523
35.4 The Centrality of the User 525
35.5 Education, Entertainment and Edutainment 527
35.6 Commercial Aspects of Multimedia Cartography in the Experience Economy 528
35.7 Full Involvement of the Senses 530
35.8 Preserving Multimedia Cartography 532
35.9 Conclusion 534
References 535
36 Postscript to Multimedia Cartography Edition 538
36.1 Introduction 538
36.2 The Book 539
36.3 Acceptance of new technologies 544
36.4 Conclusion 545
References 545
Index 546

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 13.2.2007
• Zusatzinfo: XXVI, 546 p. 105 illus.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geografie / Kartografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Animation • Atlas • augmented reality • Cartography • E-Learning • Geography • Geoinformationssysteme • GIS • graphics • information system • Interactive multimedia • Interactivity • Internet • mapping • Multimedia • Virtual Reality • Visualization
• ISBN-10: 3-540-36651-2 / 3540366512
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-36651-5 / 9783540366515