Innovations in Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry (eBook)

Simon Jones, Karin Reinke (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2009 | 2009
XXXII, 468 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-93962-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Remote sensing of our environment is becoming increasingly accessible and important in today's society. This book aims to highlight some of the broad and multi-disciplinary applications, and emerging practices, that remote sensing and photogrammetric technologies lend themselves to. The papers have been selected from the 13th and 14th Australasian Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Conferences given by experts in remote sensing, spatial analysis and photogrammetry from across the Asia Pacific region. They are presented here as a collection of peer reviewed papers covering research into areas such as data fusion techniques and their applications in environmental monitoring, synoptic monitoring and data processing, terrestrial and marine applications of remote sensing, and photogrammetry.

Inhalt

Preface and Acknowledgements 5
Contents 8
Contributors 12
Introduction: Visualising Uncertainty in Environmental Data 18
Introduction 18
Describing Uncertainty in Environmental Data 19
Representing Environmental Data as a Source of Uncertainty 20
Category Uncertainty 21
Boundary Uncertainty 22
Visualisation Methods 23
Methods for Visualising Environmental Uncertainty 23
Summary 29
References 29
Part I Data Fusion Techniques and Their Applications in Environmental Monitoring 32
A Comparison of Pixel- and Object-Level Data Fusion Using Lidar and High-Resolution Imagery for Enhanced Classification 33
Introduction 33
Background 34
Imagery and Lidar Data Fusion 35
Pixel- and Object-Level Fusions 35
Study Area and Materials 36
Lidar Data 36
Multispectral Imagery 37
Colour Imagery 37
Methodology 37
Geometric Corrections 37
Normalized Digital Surface Model (nDSM) Generation 38
Pixel-Level Fusion 39
Object-Level Fusion 40
Image Segmentation 40
Class Hierarchy 41
Fusion Based on Spectral Properties 42
Fusion Based on nDSM Properties 43
Fusion Using Contextual Information 43
Accuracy Assessment 43
Results and Discussions 44
Conclusions 46
References 46
Combining Texture and Hyperspectral Information for the Classification of Tree Species in Australian Savanna Woodlands 48
Introduction 48
Study Site and Datasets 49
Methods 50
Airphoto Interpretation 50
Image Filtering 51
Remotely Sensed Data and Association to Forest Types 51
Classification 52
Results 52
Discussion 53
Conclusions 53
References 54
High-Resolution Satellite Imaging in Remote Regions: A Case Study in Bhutan 56
Introduction 56
QuickBird Basic Imagery 18
Geopositioning 58
Height Modelling 59
DSM Generation 59
ISAE 22
MPGC 60
SRTM 60
Accuracy Assessment 60
Data Integration: Orthorectification, Pansharpening and Visualisation 63
Concluding Remarks 63
References 29
A New Dataset for Forest Height Across Australia: Pilot Project to Calibrate ICESat Laser Data with Airborne LiDAR 66
Introduction 67
Research Design 67
Analysis Methods 69
Results 70
Initial Continental Summary 70
Ground Elevation Comparisons 70
Vegetation Comparisons in NE Victoria 71
ICESat Comparison Case Study in NE Victoria 72
Updated Continental Summary 76
Discussion 77
Conclusions 78
References 78
Linking Biological Survey Information to Remote Sensing Datasets: A Case Study 80
Introduction 80
Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation 81
Ground Data Collection Issues 81
Study Area 84
Remotely Sensed Data 85
Development of a Vegetation Ground Data Collection Protocol 85
Determining Field Site Dimensions 85
Sampling Vegetation Variables Within the Field Site 87
Conclusions 88
References 89
Part II Synoptic Monitoring and Data Processing 92
Characterizing the Landsat Global Long-Term Data Record 93
Introduction 93
US Archive Status 94
International Archive Status 98
Achieving a Global Archive 99
Metadata 99
Archive Maintenance 99
Access Standards 100
Data Utility 100
Conclusions 100
References 101
Evaluation of Alternative Sensors for a Landsat-Based Monitoring Program 102
Introduction 102
Test Areas 103
Image Data and Scene Selection 105
Raw Image Quality Issues 106
Ortho-rectification Issues 107
Calibration 109
Mosaicking 111
Thresholding Issues 112
Comparison of Time Series Results 113
Conclusions 116
References 117
Evaluation of CBERS Image Data: Geometric and Radiometric Aspects 118
Introduction 118
CBERS Background 119
CBERS Image Datasets 120
CBERS Guangzhou Dataset 120
CBERS QLD Dataset 121
CBERS WA Dataset 121
CBERS Ortho-Rectification 122
CBERS WA Dataset 122
CBERS Guangzhou Dataset 124
CBERS Radiometric Calibration 125
CBERS Radiometric Calibration Approach 126
CBERS Calibration Results 127
Thresholding Issues 127
CBERS WA Dataset 127
Conclusions 128
References 130
Mapping and Monitoring Wetlands Around the World Using ALOS PALSAR: The ALOS Kyoto and Carbon Initiative Wetlands Products 131
Introduction 131
PALSAR 132
Wetland Theme 134
Application of ALOS-PALSAR to Wetland Applications 136
Wetland Theme Products 137
Tropical Wetland Extent and Properties 138
Wetland Extent, Inundation Patterns and Vegetation Change in the Greater Mekong River Basin 138
Global Mangrove Extent and Properties 139
Tropical Peat Swamp Forests and Properties 140
Pan-Asian Mapping and Monitoring of Rice Paddies 143
Conclusions 144
References 144
Testing of Alternate Classification Procedures Within an Operational, Satellite Based, Forest Monitoring System 147
Background 147
Methodology 149
Matching, Random Forests and Other Classifiers 149
Data 150
Comparison Rationale 151
Results 151
Single Date Classification 151
Effect of Altering Base Image 154
Effect of Classifier on Results After Spatial-Temporal Processing (Step 8) 155
Discussion and Conclusion 155
References 158
An Investigation of the Remote Sensing of Aerosols Based on MODIS Data for Western Australian Conditions 159
Introduction 160
MOD04 and MOD09 Aerosol Retrieval Algorithms 160
Evaluation of AOD Retrieval by MOD04 and MOD09 163
Spatial Coverage and Retrieval Validity 163
Reflectance Change from Time-Series BRF 168
AOD Retrieval from Time-Series BRF 169
Conclusion and Further Work 172
References 173
Improved Near-Real Time Atmospheric Correction of MODIS Data for Earth Observation Applications 174
Introduction 174
Methodology 175
Algorithm Development 175
Sensitivity Study 177
The Role of Validation 177
Results and Discussion 179
Surface Reflectance Sensitivity 179
Field Site Characterisation 180
Validation of the MOD09 Algorithm 183
Conclusions and Future Work 184
References 185
Near-Real Time Satellite Products to Drive Australia-Wide Land Surface Monitoring and Modelling of Surface Water and Energy Balance 186
Introduction 186
Solar Radiation 187
AVHRR Products 190
Data Acquisition 191
Generic Processing 191
AVHRR Reflectance Products 192
Land Surface Temperature 192
Planned Improvements 194
Conclusions 195
References 196
Recent and Future Developments in Meteorological Remote Sensing 198
Introduction 199
Polar Orbiting Satellite Data 200
ATOVS Atmospheric Sounder 201
X-Band Network 202
Advanced Atmospheric Sounders 203
Geostationary Satellite Data 203
Data Exchange 204
Regional ATOVS Retransmission Service 204
Advanced Dissemination Methods 205
Interagency Collaboration 205
Conclusions 206
Improved Spatial Resolution of Fire Detection with MODIS Using the 2.1 m Channel 208
Introduction and Method 208
Apparent Reflectance 210
Properties of Detectable Fires 210
Determination of Background Reflectance and Change 211
Cloud Masking 212
Identification of Fire Pixels 212
Results 213
Conclusions 213
References 214
Part III Terrestrial Applications of Remote Sensing 215
Characterizing Eucalypt Leaf Phenology and Stress with Spectral Analysis 216
Introduction 216
Remote Sensing of Canopy Health in Eucalypt Forests 216
Detecting the Difference Between a Stress Response and Changes Due to Normal Leaf Aging 217
Materials and Methods 218
Eucalyptus Globulus 219
Eucalyptus Pilularis 221
Results and Discussion 222
Eucalyptus Globulus 222
Eucalyptus Pilularis 223
An Approach to Detect Stress in Eucalypt Plantations 227
References 229
Development of Satellite Vegetation Indices to Assess Grassland Curing Across Australia and New Zealand 233
Introduction 233
Motivation 233
Aims 234
Background 235
Grasslands 235
Grassland Curing 235
Grassfires 235
Fuel Moisture Content 236
Vegetation Indices 237
Satellite Remote Sensors 237
Remote Sensing of Grassland Curing 239
Methods 240
Field Data 240
Satellite Data 242
Results and Discussion 242
Conclusions 246
References 247
Assessment of Grassland Curing Using Field-Based Spectrometry and Satellite Imagery 250
Background 250
Methods 251
Results and Discussion 253
Conclusions 256
References 257
Airborne Fire Intelligence 259
Introduction 259
Fire Intelligence 262
Daedalus Airborne Scanner 263
Digital Air Observers 265
Digital Hand-Held Cameras 267
FLIR 268
TIR Camera System 269
Discussion 270
Conclusion 272
References 273
Give Me the Dirt: Detection of Gully Extent and Volume Using High-Resolution Lidar 274
Introduction 274
Methods 275
Study Sites and Creation of a Baseline of Gully Information 275
Object-Oriented Classification of Gullies 277
Gully Volume 278
Models of Gully Information 278
Ancillary Variables 278
Extrapolation of Gully Volume at Unsampled Locations 279
Results 280
Object-Oriented Classification of Gullies 280
Gully Volume 281
Extrapolation of Gully Information 281
Discussion 285
LiDAR Transects as a Baseline of Gully Information 285
Object-Oriented Classification of Gullies 285
Transect Gully Volume 286
Extrapolation of Gully Information 286
Conclusions 286
References 287
Integrating Mineralogical Interpretation of HyLogger Data with HyMap Mineral Mapping, Mount Painter, South Australia 289
Introduction 289
Geological Context 290
Methods 292
HyMap 292
CSIRO HyLogger 292
Ground Validation 292
Data 292
HyMap 293
CSIRO HyLogger 294
Ground Validation 295
Results 295
Discussion 297
Conclusions 297
References 298
A Preliminary Study of Mapping Biomass and Cover in NZ Grasslands Using Multispectral Narrow-Band Data 299
Materials and Methods 299
New Zealand Grasslands 300
Spectral and Biophysical Measurements 303
Results 303
Biophysical Measurements 303
Conclusions 307
References 308
Comparing Common Hyperspectral Vegetation Indices for Their Ability to Estimate Seasonal Nitrogen and Other Variables in Winter Wheat Across a Growing Season 309
Introduction 309
Methods 311
Field Setup 311
Hyperspectral Measurements 311
Sample Analysis 312
Data Processing 312
Index Calculation 313
Relation Between Indices and Vegetation Characteristics 313
Results 313
Treatment Effects 313
Relation Between Indices and Vegetation Characteristics 315
Sample Dry Weight 317
Sample Wet Weight 317
Green Leaf Area Index 318
Nitrogen Concentration 319
Nitrogen Per Square Meter 319
Yield 319
Discussion 319
Yield Forecasting 321
Data Acquisition and Accuracy 321
Conclusions 322
Appendix: Summary of the Indices Used in this Study 322
Indices Typically Used for Biomass (Green Leaf Area) 322
Indices Typically Used for Chlorophyll/Foliar N 323
References 324
The Spectral Response of Pastures in an Intensively Managed Dairy System 326
Introduction 326
Approach 329
Study Site 329
Image Data 329
Ground Measurements 330
Surrogates for Paddock Biomass 330
Timing Ground-Measurements 330
Paddock Selection 331
Laying Out the Sample Grid Within the Paddock 331
Making Pasture Cuts 331
Data Analysis 331
Paddock Masks 331
Within-Paddock and within-Grid Statistics 332
Results 332
Discussion 334
The Impact of Time Since Grazing on Remotely-Sensed Observations 334
Spectral Response Soon After Grazing 334
Spectral Response Across the Optimum Grazing Range 335
Ground Sampling Logistics 335
Implications of These Results 336
Conclusions 336
References 337
Using Pasture Growth Rate Data in a National Agricultural Drought Assessment Monitoring Tool 339
Introduction 340
The Nams Project 340
Project Objectives 341
What Is the NAMS? 341
Reports 341
Method of Data Acquisition, Processing and Analysis of PGR Data for use in NAMS 342
Acquisition 342
Processed Outputs 342
Discussion 344
Conclusions 344
References 346
Investigating the Potential for Mapping Fallow Management Practises Using MODIS Image Data 347
Introduction 347
Overview of Study Area 348
Data 348
Field Records 348
Image Data 350
MODIS Bands and Indices 350
Methodology 350
Formatting Field Observations 351
Image Analysis 351
Extraction and Classification of Spectral Reflectances 351
Statistical Analysis 352
Univariate Analysis of Band and Index Variables 352
Multivariate Logistic Regression Employing Band and Index Variables 352
Spraying Events and Non-spraying Events 353
Predicting Non-cultivation or Cultivation During Fallow Times 353
Results 353
Cultivated vs Non-cultivated Fallows 354
Eight-Day 500 m Data 354
Sixteen-Day 250 m Data 355
Cultivated and Non-cultivated Periods 357
Eight-Day 500 m Data 357
Sixteen-Day 250 m Data 358
Comparing 16-Day 250 m and 8-day 500 m Data Using Same Variables 359
Spraying vs. Non-spraying Events 359
Predicting Non-cultivation or Cultivation During Fallow Times 360
Discussion and Conclusion 361
References 363
Spectral Mixture Analysis for Ground-Cover Mapping 365
Introduction 365
Data 366
Satellite Images 367
Field Data 367
Methods 367
Results 370
Discussion and Conclusion 373
References 374
Vineclipper: A Proximal Search Algorithm to Tie Gps Field Locations to High Resolution Grapevine Imagery 376
Introduction 377
Methods 379
Spatial Data Collection 379
Steps of the VineClipper Algorithm 379
Calculate Centre Line of Row Closest to GPS Point (Line AA) 382
Closest Point on the Centre Line of a Vine Row to a Given Coordinate (Vine Centre Point) is Located 383
The Pixels to be Used Around the Vine Centre (Sample Vine Pixels) are Identified 383
VineClipper Output Data 385
Conclusions 385
References 386
Modelling Weed Distribution Across the Northern Australia Using Very Extensive Transects 388
Introduction 388
Methods 389
Study Area 389
Transect Sampling 390
Predictor Variable Selection 391
Univariate Analysis of Spatial Data 393
Multivariate Analysis of Spatial Data 394
Generalised Additive Modelling Trials using GRASP 394
Results 394
Models 396
Testing the Model with Independent Data 397
Comparisons with Land Tenure 403
Comparisons with Biogeographic Subregions 403
Discussion 404
References 406
Automated Reconstruction of Buildings Using a Hand Held Video Camera 408
Introduction 408
Methodology 409
Image Sequence 409
Blur Metric 410
Registration of Key Frames 412
Feature Registration 414
Discussion 417
Conclusions and Future Work 418
References 418
Part IV Marine Applications of Remote Sensing 420
Mapping Seagrass Biomass with Photo-Library Method 421
Introduction 421
Method 422
Study Area 422
Photo-Transect Method 423
Biomass Samples 423
Satellite Imagery 424
Photo-Library Method 424
Results and Discussion 424
Conclusions 427
References 428
A Comparison of Bathymetric Signatures Observed on ERS SAR and LANDSAT TM Images Over the Timor Sea 430
Introduction 430
Methods 431
Study Area 431
Satellite and Ancillary Data 432
Satellite Data 432
Wind Fields 432
Bathymetry 433
Tides and Currents 433
Observations 433
ERS SAR and Landsat TM 433
Archived Landsat Images 439
Discussion 441
Conclusions 442
References 443
Optical Properties of Water Bodies in the Torres Strait, Australia, from Above-Water Reflectance 445
Introduction 445
Method 447
In Water Backscattering 447
Absorption, Suspended Matter and Chlorophyll 448
Above Water Surface Reflectance 448
Reflectance Model 449
Results 450
Conclusion 452
References 452
Accordance of MERIS Standard Products over the Gulf of Finland to the Parameters Measured Under Regular MonitoringProgram 454
Introduction 454
Material and Methods 455
Study Area and Chlorophyll a in Situ Data 456
MERIS Chlorophyll Retrieval Algorithms and Image Analyses 457
Results and Discussion 458
Conclusions 463
References 463
Spectral Identification of Oil Slicks on the Ocean 465
Introduction 465
Materials and Methods 466
Data Description 466
Oil Slick Appearance and BRDF 466
Detection Limits of SWIR Diagnostic Hydrocarbon Bands 467
Spectral Signature of an Oil Slick 469
General Characteristics of Production Waters Slick 469
Spectral Analysis 471
Methodology 471
Evolution of the Radiance Ratio Along the Slick 474
Possible Origin of Spectral Expression of an Oil Slick 475
Results 475
Conclusions 476
References 477

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 14.10.2009
• Reihe/Serie: Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography
• Reihe/Serie: Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography
• Zusatzinfo: XXXII, 468 p. 218 illus., 3 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geografie / Kartografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• Schlagworte: Aerosol • Geoinformationssysteme • GIS • Image Processing • Landsat • Photogrammetry • Remote Sensing • Satellite • spatial information • Vegetation
• ISBN-10: 3-540-93962-8 / 3540939628
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-93962-7 / 9783540939627