Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Infection via the Gut (eBook)

Chihiro Sasakawa (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2009 | 2009
XII, 260 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-642-01846-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Our gut is colonized by numerous bacteria throughout our life, and the gut epithelium is constantly exposed to foreign microbes and dietary antigens. Thus, the gut epithelium acts as a barrier against microbial invaders and is equipped with various innate defense systems. Resident commensal and foreign invading bacteria interact intimately with the gut epithelium and can impact host cellular and innate immune responses. From the perspective of many pathogenic bacteria, the gut epithelium serves as an infectious foothold and port of entry for disseminate into deeper tissues. In some instances when the intestinal defense activity and host immune system become compromised, even commensal and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria can cross the barrier and initiate local and systematic infectious diseases. Conversely, some highly pathogenic bacteria, such as those highlighted in this book, are able to colonize or invade the intestinal epithelium despite the gut barrier function is intact. Therefore, the relationship between the defensive activity of the intestinal epithelium against microbes and the pathogenesis of infective microbes becomes the basis for maintaining a healthy life.

The authors offer an overview of the current topics related to major gastric and enteric pathogens, while highlighting their highly evolved host (human)-adapted infectious processes. Clearly, an in-depth study of bacterial infectious strategies, as well as the host cellular and immune responses, presented in each chapter of this book will provide further insight into the critical roles of the host innate and adaptive immune systems and their importance in determining the severity or completely preventing infectious diseases. Furthermore, under the continuous threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, the topic of gut-bacteria molecular interactions will provide various clues and ideas for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 9
Functional Morphology of the Gastrointestinal Tract 12
Abbreviations 13
1 Introduction 13
2 Organization of the Gastrointestinal Tract Wall 14
3 Regional Specification of the Gastrointestinal Tract 16
4 Specialization Along the Vertical Axis: From Crypt to Villus 17
5 Stem Cells, Intestinal Proliferation, and Differentiation 18
6 Specialized Epithelial Cells of the Gastrointestinal Tract 19
7 Basement Membrane and the Intestinal Epithelial Cells 24
8 Maintenance and Regulation of the Epithelial Barrier 25
9 Gastrointestinal Immune System 33
References 38
Vibrio cholerae Interactions with the Gastrointestinal Tract: Lessons from Animal Studies 47
1 Introduction 48
2 V. cholerae Classification, Genomics and Evolution 48
3 Observations from Studies of Cholera Patients 50
4 Historical Perspective on Animal Models of V. cholerae Pathogenicity 51
5 V. cholerae Genes Important for Intestinal Colonization 52
6 Classes of V. cholerae colonization mutants 59
7 Dynamics of V. cholerae Gene Expression within the Intestine 60
8 Importance of V. cholerae Chemotaxis for Intestinal Colonization 61
9 Is Quorum Sensing Regulation Important for Intestinal Colonization? 62
10 Concluding Remarks 62
References 63
Interaction of Yersinia with the Gut: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Immune Evasion 70
1 Introduction 71
2 Pathogenic Strategies 73
3 Host Adaptation, Sensing, and Virulence Gene Expression 73
4 Adherence, Tissue Invasion, and Associated Aspects of Innate Immune Evasion 76
5 Role of Ail and YadA in Complement Resistance and Immune Evasion 79
6 Type Three Secretion 80
7 Interaction with the Innate Immune System 84
8 Interaction with the Adaptive Immune System 88
9 New Insights on Old Paradigms 89
10 Unresolved Aspects of Pathogenesis 92
11 Summary 92
References 93
Molecular Mechanisms of Salmonella Virulence and Host Resistance 101
Abbreviations 102
1 Salmonelloses 103
2 Animal Models and Overview of the Disease 104
3 S. Typhimurium Virulence Determinants 106
4 Host Response to Salmonella Infection: Resistance/ Susceptibility Genes 113
5 Contribution of Host Phagocytic Cells and Their Role in S. typhimurium Infection 116
6 Nramp1 and its Role in Salmonellosis 119
7 Conclusions and Perspectives 122
References 124
Virulence Mechanisms and Persistence Strategies of the Human Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori 136
Abbreviations 137
1 Introduction 137
2 Colonization of the Gastric Mucosa 138
3 Pathogenicity Factors Associated with Disease 144
4 Mechanisms of Immune Evasion 152
5 H. pylori and the Development of Gastric Cancer 160
6 Conclusions 162
References 162
Listeria as an Enteroinvasive Gastrointestinal Pathogen 179
1 Introduction 180
2 Listeria as an Enteroinvasive Gastrointestinal Pathogen 181
3 Entry and Invasion of Listeria 182
4 Factors Supporting Gastrointestinal Persistence and Survival 189
5 Cellular Processes Affecting Listeria Survival in the Gastrointestinal Tract 193
6 Gastrointestinal Listeriosis and Involvement of Other Diseases 194
7 Persistence in Chronic Listeriosis 195
8 Outlook and Perspective 195
References 196
Molecular Mechanisms of Campylobacter Infection 202
1 Introduction 203
2 C. jejuni Genetics and Diversity 204
3 C. jejuni Virulence Repertoire 207
4 Mucosal Infection by C. jejuni 213
5 Cellular Response to Infection 220
6 Experimental Campylobacter Infection Models 222
7 Conclusions and Outlook 223
References 224
Shigella Infection of Intestinal Epithelium and Circumvention of the Host Innate Defense System 235
1 Introduction 236
2 Invasion of Intestinal Epithelium 237
3 Dissemination of Shigella Among epithelial cells 240
4 Intestinal Inflammation Caused by Shigella Infection 244
5 Modulation of Host Inflammatory Response 247
6 Intracellular Survival Strategies 248
7 Conclusion 251
References 252
Index 260

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 8.10.2009
• Reihe/Serie: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
• Reihe/Serie: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
• Zusatzinfo: XII, 260 p. 22 illus., 13 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Infektiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Antigen • Campylobacter jejuni • Helicobacter pylori • human gastric pathogens • infectious disease • Listeria • Salmonella • shigella • tissue • Vibrio cholerae • yersinia
• ISBN-10: 3-642-01846-7 / 3642018467
• ISBN-13: 978-3-642-01846-6 / 9783642018466