Factors Influencing Mammalian Kidney Development: Implications for Health in Adult Life (eBook)

Karen Moritz, E. Marelyn Wintour-Coghlan, M. Jane Black, John F. Bertram, Georgina Caruana (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2008 | 2008
IX, 79 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-77768-7 (ISBN)

Infos

In this monograph the authors have emphasized a number of important concepts in mammalian kidney development. Emphasis has been put on methodology so that the reader can understand how certain results or conclusions were reached and what the optimal methods for reliable results to be obtained are. In addition, as well as descriptions of the morphology there is information on the genetic basis of the structural development. In addition much attention has been paid to how nephron number may be altered by changes in the environment of the developing kidney and to the consequences for the remaining nephron gene expression and kidney function when total nephron number is altered. The consequences for the health of the adult, upon the formation of an adult kidney with altered nephron number and (potentially) gene expression, can be quite serious. The epigenetic mechanisms by which such changes can occur are introduced as a very fertile field for future investigation.

Inhalt

List of Contents 6
Abstract 9
1 Introduction 10
2 Morphological Development of the Mammalian Kidney 10
2.1 Pronephros 12
2.2 Mesonephros 12
2.3 Metanephros 14
2.4 Renal Vascular Development 16
2.5 Development of the Renal Nerves 18
3 Genetic Regulation of Metanephric Development 18
3.1 Molecular Specification of the Metanephric Blastema 19
3.2 Molecular Regulation of Ureteric Budding and Branching Morphogenesis 19
3.3 Molecular Regulation of Nephrogenesis 21
3.4 Molecular Regulation of the Stroma 23
3.5 The Renin–Angiotensin System: An Important System Regulating Renal Development and Function 23
3.6 Summary of Molecular Regulation of Metanephric Development 24
4 Abnormalities of Renal Development in the Human 25
4.1 Hydronephrosis 25
4.2 Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract 25
4.3 Bilateral Renal Agenesis (Potter's Syndrome) 26
4.4 Renal Abnormalities Caused by Maternal Drug Use 26
4.5 Polycystic Kidney Disease 26
5 Methodology to Examine Kidney Development 27
5.1 Organ Culture 27
5.2 Three-Dimensional and Four-Dimensional Imaging 29
5.3 Quantitation of Nephron Number 30
5.4 Microarrays 33
5.5 Use of Knock-in/Reporter Mice to Analyse Gene Function and Expression 34
6 Development of Function in the Fetus 36
6.1 Mesonephric Function 36
6.2 Fetal Metanephric Renal Function 36
6.3 Sodium Transporters 37
6.4 Water Channels 41
6.5 Renal Renin–Angiotensin System 41
7 Nephron Endowment 41
7.1 Nephron Endowment in the Human 41
7.2 Effect of Prematurity 44
7.3 Factors Important for Normal Kidney Development 45
7.3.2 Iron 45
7.4 Timing of Nephrogenesis and Nephron Endowment in Animal Models 46
8 Developmental Programming of the Kidney 48
8.1 Overview: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis 48
8.2 Human Epidemiology 49
8.3 Common Animal Models Used to Test the DOHaD Hypothesis 50
8.4 Reduced Nephron Endowment: A Common Denominator in the DOHaD Hypothesis? 52
8.5 Link Between Nephron Endowment and Hypertension 55
8.6 Mechanisms Leading to a Reduced Nephron Endowment 56
8.7 Programmed Changes in Renal Gene Expression 57
8.7.2 Sodium Channels 57
8.8 Why a Low Nephron Endowment Does Not Always Lead to Hypertension 58
8.9 Unilateral Nephrectomy as a Model of Low Nephron Endowment 62
8.10 Potential Underlying Mechanisms of Developmental Programming 62
9 Future Directions 63
9.1 Clock Genes 64
9.2 Renal Stem Cells and Renal Regeneration 65
9.3 New Renal Factors 65
References 67
Subject Index 88

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.5.2008
• Reihe/Serie: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology
• Reihe/Serie: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology
• Zusatzinfo: IX, 79 p.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) ► Humangenetik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Barker Hypothesis • gene expression • mesonephros • nephrogenesis • pronephros • reduced nephron • renal regeneration • Renin-Angiotensin System
• ISBN-10: 3-540-77768-7 / 3540777687
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-77768-7 / 9783540777687