Rheophytes of the World
Kluwer Academic Publishers (Verlag)
978-90-286-0840-5 (ISBN)
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As far as his free time was available - and that was precious little because he primarily devoted himself to tuition of students and promovendi besides administration of the botany department - he tried to study the morphology, anatomy and physiology of the Podostemaceae, of which tropical cascade plants he had made large collections and observations in Surinam.
1. Introduction.- a. Descent of mountain plants along rivers.- b. Definition of a rheophyte.- c. The rheophytes as a biological group.- d. Parallel development in adaptive features.- e. How to recognize rheophytes? - The sources.- f. Rheophytes in drought areas.- g. Census of rheophytic plants 9 - Swift-running water 10 - Riparian plants 10 - Riparian rheophytes 11 - Rare rheophytes 11 - Facultative rheophytes 11 - Completeness 12.- h. Plan of the work.- Acknowledgements.- 2. The Habitat.- I. The Climate.- II. The Medium.- III. The Substratum.- a. The concept ecological niche in botany.- b. The ecological niches for the rheophytes 22 - Cascades and rapids 22 - Gorges 22 - Stony riverbeds 22 - Boulders 23 - Gravel 25 - Pebbles 26 - Sandbars 26 - Riparian habitat 27 - Sandy submerged river bottoms 28.- 3. Morphology and Ecology.- I. Hydrophytic Rheophytes.- II. Torrenticolous Rheophytes.- a. Podostemaceae.- b. Hydrostachyaceae.- III. Rheophytic Landplants.- a. Mat-rooted rheophytes.- b. Non-mat-rooted rheophytes 31 - Root-system 31 - Habit 32 - Branching 33 - Wood structure of stem and twigs 33 - Indument 34 - Foliage 34 - Leaf-shape 34 - Compound leaves 36 - Leaf-texture 36 - Leaf-margin 36 - Leaf-apex 36 - Leaf-index 36 - Inflorescences 37 - Damage in rheophytes 37 - Vegetative reproduction 39 - Fruit and seed 39 Periodicity of flowering and fruiting 41.- 4. Distribution of Rheophytes.- a. Geographical survey of the literature.- South America.- Extra-tropical South America: Argentina.- Tropical South America: Bolivia 44 - Amazon Basin 44 - Surinam 45 - Venezuelan Guyana 45.- Central America.- Guatemala 46 - Panama Canal Zone 46 - Mexico 46 Cuba 47.- North America.- Kansas 48 - Utah 48 - California 48 - Canada 48.- Africa.- Southern Africa.- Tropical Africa.- Madagascar.- Northern Africa: Morocco 52 - Ethiopia 52 -Somaliland 52 - Egypt 53.- Europe.- Central Europe.- South Europe.- South Asia.- Afghanistan.- Continental Southeast Asia.- Ceylon 54 - India 54 - Burma 56 - Thailand 57 - Indo-China 57.- East Asia.- Hainan 57 - Mainland of China 57 - Taiwan 57 - Japan 57.- Malesia.- Malaya 58 - Sumatra 59 - Java 60 - Lesser Sunda Islands 61 - Borneo 61 - Philippines 63 - Celebes 64 - Moluccas 64 - New Guinea 64 - Louisiades 65.- Australia.- Melanesia.- Solomon Islands 66 - New Caledonia 66.- Polynesia.- Fiji Islands 67 - Hawaiian Islands 67.- b. Latitude and altitude of rheophytes: Latitude 67 - Altitude 68.- c. Rheophytes in seasonal and drought zones: Seasonal climate 69 Drought climate 69.- d. Rheophytes and bedrock.- e. Systematic arrangement of the rheophytes.- Families with a large number of rheophytes.- Genera with a large number of rheophyte species.- f. Geographical arrangement of the rheophytes.- Rheophytes in Malesia.- g. Endemism in rheophytes.- Genera entirely consisting of rheophytes.- Endemic species.- h. Rheophytes in oceanic islands.- i. Largest ranges among the rheophytes.- j. Rheophytes and palaeogeography.- k. Sociology of the rheophytes.- 5. Cultivation of Rheophytes.- Rheophytes as useful plants.- 6. Why are Rheophytes confined to Streambeds?.- 7. The Riddle of the Willow-like Leaf-shape.- Narrow leaves not peculiar to rheophytes.- Relative importance of the willow-like leaf-shape.- Constancy of the leaf-index.- The willow-like leaf function for least resistance.- Experimental measurement of resistance to currents.- Deductions from the measurements in Table 3.- Conclusions from the experiments.- 8. Autonomous Evolution and the Derivation of the Rheophytes.- Scarcity of rheophytes in the plant world.- Parallel development.- Pre-disposed structures for development of rheophytes.- Gradual speciation by raciation.- Population divergence in facultative rheophytes.- Differentiation of rheophytic varieties.- The infra-specific taxa of rheophytes.- Specific segregation.- Infrageneric and generic segregation.- Rheophytes exemplary of parallel evolution.- Adaptation, a selection process of passive pruning in autonomous evolution.- Differences between plant and animal evolution.- Survival level, patio ludens, and neutral characters.- Patio ludens and 'pre-adaptations' in plants.- Early differentiation.- Saltatory evolution in plants.- Gliding evolution in animals.- Co-evolution of plants and animals 126 - Reticulate phylogeny 132 - Concluding remarks 133.- The neutral characters of patio ludens in plants.- Evolution, an erratic array of results from experiments by Nature.- Epilogue.- 9. Bibliography.- 10. Glossary.- 11. Census of the Rheophytes of the World.- Indices and Errata.
| Zusatzinfo | biography |
|---|---|
| Verlagsort | Dordrecht |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Gewicht | 970 g |
| Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie |
| ISBN-10 | 90-286-0840-0 / 9028608400 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-90-286-0840-5 / 9789028608405 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
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