The Neurohypophysis

Physiological and Clinical Aspects

Buch | Softcover

224 Seiten

2012 | Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1984
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
978-1-4684-4738-5 (ISBN)

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The elucidation of the structure, function, and clinical significance of the neurohypophysis has been one of the most rewarding chapters in the history of endocrinology. Diabetes insipidus, which can be manifested by passage of 15 liters of urine a day, is one of the most dramatic disorders of the endocrine system, and can readily be managed by replacement therapy with the natural secretions of this gland, or with synthetic analogues that provide a more favorable therapeutic ratio. The neurohypophysis is the archetypical neurosecretory gland. Its secretions arise within well defined nerve cells in the hypothalamus, are transported by axoplasmic flow to nerve endings in the neural lobe, are released in response to propagated action potentials, and are regulated by neurotransmitters and osmotic signals. This gland is a model for homeostatic regulation; functional disorders of this regulation lead to well defined disorders such as the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidi uretic hormone (SIADH), which can be mimicked by the ectopic secretion of its hormones by tumor cells. These hormones were the first peptides to be sequenced and synthesized chemically and their structure-function relations have been characterized as well as those of any of the peptide hormones. The concept that peptide hormones generally arise as products of the processing of a larger prohormone precursor was first developed from studies of the neurohypophysis. The concept of stimulus-secretion coupling was first ap plied in neuronal tissue to the neurohypophysis.

1 The Neurohypophysis: Historical Overview.- 2 Anatomy of Pituitary and Extrapituitary Vasopressin Secretory Systems.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Magnocellular Vasopressin and Oxytocin Systems.- 3. Parvocellular Vasopressin Secretory System to Median Eminence.- 4. Parvocellular Systems.- 5. Functional Roles of Vasopressin Pathways.- 6. Addendum.- References.- 3 Biosynthesis of Vasopressin and Neurophysin.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Identification of the Vasopressin Precursor.- 3. Posttranslational Processing of the Arginine Vasopressin-Neurophysin Precursor.- 4. Future Considerations.- References.- 4 The Mode of Action of Antidiuretic Hormone: Membrane Reorganization, Recycling, and Intracellular Transport.- 1. Historical Background.- 2. The Toad Urinary Bladder as a Model System.- 3. The Biochemical Mode of Antidiuretic Hormone Action.- 4. The Permeability of the Luminal Membrane.- 5. Basis for Sustained Water Movement.- 6. Prospective.- References.- 5 The Contribution of Measured Secretion of Neurophysins to Our Understanding of Neurohypophysial Function.- 1. Background.- 2. Classification of Neurophysins.- 3. Neurophysin Pathways and Sites of Secretion.- References.- 6 Pathology of the Neurohypophysis.- 1. Anatomy and Histology.- 2. Pathology.- 3. Summary.- References.- 7 Clinical and Laboratory Features of Central and Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and Primary Polydipsia.- 1. Clinical Features.- 2. Laboratory Features.- 3. Summary.- References.- 8 Management of Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus with dDAVP and Other Agents.- 1. General Considerations in Treatment.- 2. Drugs Used to Treat Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus.- 3. Management of Acute Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus.- References.- 9 Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Clinical Problems in Patients with SIADH.- 3. Causes of SIADH.- 4. Differential Diagnosis.- 5. Treatment.- 6. Summary.- References.- 10 Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia with dDAVP.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Results.- 3. Discussion.- 4. Summary.- References.- 11 dDAVP in von Willebrand’s Disease and in Moderately Severe Hemophilia A.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Aspects.- 3. dDAVP: Mechanism of Action.- 4. Clinical Trials and Observations with dDAVP in Europe.- 5. United States Experience with dDAVP.- 6. Discussion.- 7. Summary.- 8. Addendum.- References.

Erscheint lt. Verlag	26.3.2012
Zusatzinfo	8 Illustrations, color; 34 Illustrations, black and white; XV, 224 p. 42 illus., 8 illus. in color.
Verlagsort	New York, NY
Sprache	englisch
Maße	152 x 229 mm
Themenwelt	Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Diabetologie
ISBN-10	1-4684-4738-6 / 1468447386
ISBN-13	978-1-4684-4738-5 / 9781468447385
Zustand	Neuware