Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis (eBook)

Yolanda Pico (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2008 | 1. Auflage
848 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-093192-0 (ISBN)

Infos

"Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis treats different aspects of the analysis of contaminants and residues in food, and highlights some current concerns facing this field. The content is initiated by an overview on food safety, the objectives and importance of determining contaminants and residues in food, and the problems and challenges associated to these analyses. This is followed by full details of relevant EU and USA regulations. Topics, such as conventional chromatographic methods, accommodating clean up, and preparing substances for further instrumental analysis, are encompassed with new analytical techniques that have been developed, significantly, over the last few years, like solid phase microextraction, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, immunoassays, and biosensors. A wide range of toxic contaminants and residues, from pesticides to mycotoxins or dioxins are examined, including also polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, N-nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines, acrylamide, semicarbazide, phtalates and food packing migrating substances. This book can be a practical resource that offers ideas on how to choose the most effective techniques for determining these compounds as well as on how to solve problems or to provide relevant information.
Logically structured and with numerous examples Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis will be valuable as reference and training guide for post-graduate students, as well as a practical tool for a wide range of experts: biologists, biochemists, microbiologists, food chemists, toxicologists, chemists, agronomists, hygienist, and everybody who need to use the analytical techniques for evaluating food safety."

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Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis treats different aspects of the analysis of contaminants and residues in food and highlights some current concerns facing this field. The content is initiated by an overview on food safety, the objectives and importance of determining contaminants and residues in food, and the problems and challenges associated to these analyses. This is followed by full details of relevant EU and USA regulations. Topics, such as conventional chromatographic methods, accommodating cleanup, and preparing substances for further instrumental analysis, are encompassed with new analytical techniques that have been developed, significantly, over the past few years, like solid phase microextraction, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, immunoassays, and biosensors. A wide range of toxic contaminants and residues, from pesticides to mycotoxins or dioxins are examined, including polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, N-nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines, acrylamide, semicarbazide, phthalates and food packing migrating substances. This book can be a practical resource that offers ideas on how to choose the most effective techniques for determining these compounds as well as on how to solve problems or to provide relevant information. Logically structured and with numerous examples, Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis will be valuable a reference and training guide for postgraduate students, as well as a practical tool for a wide range of experts: biologists, biochemists, microbiologists, food chemists, toxicologists, chemists, agronomists, hygienists, and everybody who needs to use the analytical techniques for evaluating food safety.

Inhalt

Front cover 1
Copyright page 4
Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry: Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis 5
Contents 8
Contributors to Volume 51 14
Volumes in the series 20
Preface 24
Series Editor's Preface 26
Chapter 1. Challenges in Chemical Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis 28
1. Introduction 29
2. Emerging Contaminants 34
3. Masked Contaminants 41
4. Unknown Bioactive Contaminants 42
5. Emerging Technologies 45
6. Validation and QA/QC Challenges 49
7. Conclusions and Future Trends 51
Acknowledgements 52
References 52
Chapter 2. International Regulations on Food Contaminants and Residues 56
1. Introduction to EU and USA Legislation 56
2. TopicssolCategories Covered under EU Legislation 58
3. TopicssolCategories Covered under USA Legislation 90
References 100
EU Legislation 101
Chapter 3. Guidelines on Quality Implementation for Analytical Methods 104
1. Introduction 104
2. The Role of Quality 105
3. Conclusions 113
References 114
Chapter 4. Immunochemical and Receptor Technologies: The Role of Immunoassay, Immunoaffinity Chromatography, Immunosensors and Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Sensors 118
1. Introduction 119
2. Definitions and Concepts 120
3. Immunoassay Formats 122
4. Immunoassay Development 123
5. Immunochemical Technologies 128
6. Biomimics: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) 140
7. Commercial Instrumentation and Future Perspectives 149
References 152
Chapter 5. Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques for the Analysis of Food Contaminants and Residues 158
1. Introduction 158
2. Sample Preparation Methods for VOCs 160
3. Sample Preparation Methods for SVOCs and NVOCs 165
4. Fractionation and Clean-Up 189
5. Evaporation 197
6. Derivatization 197
7. Conclusion 198
References 199
Chapter 6. Recent Developments in Chromatographic Techniques 202
1. Introduction 202
2. Fast Chromatographic Separation 203
3. Two-Dimensional Chromatographic Separation 215
4. Overcoming Adverse Matrix Effects 218
5. Future Trends 223
References 224
Chapter 7. New Approaches in Mass Spectrometry 228
1. Introduction 228
2. High Resolution and Accurate Mass Analysers 231
3. Tandem Mass Spectrometry 238
4. High Resolution Mass Spectrometers in Tandem 246
5. Conclusions and Future Trends 254
References 255
Chapter 8. Capillary-Based Separation Techniques 258
1. Introduction 258
2. Miniaturization and the Capillary Format 259
3. Capillary Liquid Chromatography 260
4. Capillary Electroseparations 262
5. Detection Techniques in Capillary-Based Separations 277
6. Automation and On-LinesolIn-Capillary Coupled Solid—Phase Extraction in Capillary Electrophoresis 278
7. Applications in Determination of Food Contaminants Using Capillary Electrophoresis 279
References 280
Chapter 9. Pesticide Residues 284
1. Introduction 284
2. Physical and Chemical Properties 285
3. Health Effects 286
4. Analytical Methods 299
5. Instrumental Determination 305
6. LC-MS-MS Applications 322
7. Conclusions and Future Trends 328
References 329
Chapter 10. Veterinary Drug Residues 334
1. Introduction 334
2. Physical and Chemical Properties Affecting Analytical Methodology 340
3. Human Health Effects from Veterinary Drug Residues 342
4. Analytical Methods 344
5. Occurrence in Food 355
6. Future Trends 356
References 359
Chapter 11. Analytical Strategies to Control the Illegal Use of Banned Growth Promoters in Meat Producing Animals 366
1. Introduction 366
2. Chemical Properties, Health effects 367
3. Analytical Methods 369
4. Occurrence in Foods 384
5. Future Trends 385
References 385
Chapter 12. Mycotoxins 390
1. Introduction 391
2. Classes of Mycotoxins 393
3. Health Effects 403
4. Sampling 410
5. Analytical Methods 412
6. Occurrence in Food and Feed 429
7. Decontamination Procedures 443
8. Future Needs 445
Acknowledgement 446
References 446
Chapter 13. Phycotoxins 456
1. Introduction 456
2. Seafood-Poisoning Toxins 457
3. Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) Toxins 457
4. Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) Toxins 459
5. Azaspiracid Poisoning (AZP) Toxins 466
6. Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) Toxins 469
7. Yessotoxins (YTXs) 472
8. Neurotoxin Shellfish Poisoning (NSP) Toxins 475
References 479
Chapter 14. Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants, Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls 484
1. Introduction 484
2. Physical and Chemical Properties and Use of POPs 487
3. Health Effects 489
4. Analytical Methods 494
5. Occurrence in Food 522
6. Future Trends 523
References 525
Chapter 15. Brominated Flame Retardants as Food Contaminants 534
1. Introduction 534
2. Analytical Methods 539
3. Occurrence in Food 569
4. RegulatorysolSafety Aspects and On-Going Monitoring Programmes 587
5. Future Trends in the BFR Research in Food 589
Acknowledgement 590
References 590
Chapter 16. Metals 598
1. Introduction 598
2. Analytical Procedure for Metal Determination 600
3. Metals of Interest 612
4. Directive for Trace Metals in Food 616
5. Conclusions and Future Trends 616
References 617
Chapter 17. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 626
1. Introduction 626
2. Physical and Chemical Properties 628
3. Health Effects 629
4. Analytical Methods 638
5. Occurrences of PAHs in Food 659
6. Future Trend 669
Acknowledgements 671
References 671
Chapter 18. Methods for the Determination of N-Nitroso Compounds in Food and Biological Fluids 680
1. Introduction 681
2. Physical and Chemical Properties of NOC 683
3. Health Effects 684
4. Analytical Methods 686
5. Occurrence of NOC in Foods 703
6. Conclusions and Future Trends 706
Acknowledgements 707
References 707
Chapter 19. Heterocyclic Amines 712
1. Introduction 712
2. Physical and Chemical Properties 713
3. Health Effects 714
4. Formation of Heterocyclic Amines 715
5. Food Sample Analysis 716
6. Occurrence in Food 724
7. Exposure Assessment 727
8. Regulations and Future Trends 728
Acknowledgements 728
References 728
Chapter 20. Acrylamide, Chloropropanols and Chloropropanol Esters, Furan 732
1. Acrylamide 732
2. Chloropropanols and Chloroesters 741
3. Furan 749
4. Conclusion and Future Trends 755
References 755
Chapter 21. Food Contact Materials 760
1. Introduction 760
2. Physical and Chemical Properties 763
3. Analytical Methods 768
4. Health Effects 792
5. Occurrence in Foods 795
6. Future Trends 795
References 798
Chapter 22. Non-Target Multi-Component Analytical Surveillance of Food Contact Materials 802
1. Introduction 803
2. Legislation on Food Contact Materials 803
3. Non-Target Analysis 805
4. Examples of Non-Target Analysis from the Recent Literature 809
5. Safety Assessment of Migrants from FCM 812
6. Conclusions and Future Trends 818
References 819
List of Abbreviations 822
Subject Index 834

Textauszug

Contributors to Volume 51

Wendy C. Andersen

US FDA, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225, USA

Jean-Philippe Antignac

LABERCA-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Route de Gachet, BP 50707, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France

Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis

University of Thessaly, School of Agricultural Sciences, Fytokou Str., 38446 Nea Ionia Magnesias, Volos, Greece

Damià Barceló

Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain

Carlo Brera

Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale per la Qualità degli Alimenti e per i Rischi Alimentari, Reparto OGM e Xenobiotici di origine fungina, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy

Sergio Caroli

Instituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00151 Rome, Italy

Leon Coulier

Analytical Research Department, TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands

Adrian Covaci

Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium and Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium

Frank David

Research Institute for Chromatography, Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium

Francesca Debegnach

Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale per la Qualità degli Alimenti e per i Rischi Alimentari, Reparto OGM e Xenobiotici di origine fungina, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy

Edwin De Pauw

Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, CART (Centre of analysis of residues in trace), University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie, 6, Bat B6c, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium

Barbara De Santis

Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale per la Qualità degli Alimenti e per i Rischi Alimentari, Reparto OGM e Xenobiotici di origine fungina, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy

Kyle $$Silva

Waters Corporation, Atlas Park, Simonsway, Manchester, M22 5PP, UK

Gauthier Eppe

Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, CART (Centre of analysis of residues in trace), University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie, 6, Bat B6c, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium

Marinel $$ Farré

Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain

James S. Felton

Chemistry, Materials, and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California, USA

Jean-François Focant

Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, CART (Centre of analysis of residues in trace), University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie, 6, Bat B6c, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium

Ambrose Furey

PROTEOBIO, Mass Spectrometry Centre for Proteomics and Biotoxin Research, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland

Javier García Fernández

PROTEOBIO, Mass Spectrometry Centre for Proteomics and Biotoxin Research, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland

Till Goldmann

Nestlé Research Centre, P.O. Box 44, CH 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland

Stuart Harrad

Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, Public Health Building, School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

Geert Houben

Analytical Research Department, TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands

Janice Huwe

Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5674, University Station, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA

Kevin J. James

PROTEOBIO, Mass Spectrometry Centre for Proteomics and Biotoxin Research, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland

Mark G. Knize

Chemistry, Materials, and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California, USA

Sander Koster

Analytical Research Department, TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands

Bruno Le Bizec

LABERCA-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Route de Gachet, BP 50707, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France

Winfried Leeman

Analytical Research Department, TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands

Clinio Locatelli

Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and CIRSA (Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali), Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, I-48100 Ravenna, Italy

Guy Maghuin-Rogister

Department of Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, CART (Centre of analysis of residues in traces), University of Liege, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, Bat B43-bis, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium

Elena Martínez

Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain

Hans J.P. Marvin

RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands

Katerina Mastovska

USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA

Marina Miraglia

Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale per la Qualità degli Alimenti e per i Rischi Alimentari, Reparto OGM e Xenobiotici di origine fungina, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy

Sidney S. Mirvish

Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6802, USA

Bas Muilwijk

Analytical Research Department, TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands

Michel W.F. Nielen

RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands and Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands

Daniel $$Driscoll

PROTEOBIO, Mass Spectrometry Centre for Proteomics and Biotoxin Research, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland

Ruud Peters

Analytical Research Department, TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands

Yolanda Picó

Laboratori de Bromatologia i Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain

Gaud Pinel

LABERCA-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Route de Gachet, BP 50707, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France

Monique Rennen

Analytical Research Department, TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands

Rinus Rijk

Analytical Research Department, TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands

Claude Saegerman

Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Epidemiology and Risk analysis applied to Veterinary Sciences, University of Liege, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, Bat B42, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium

Pat Sandra

Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281-S4bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

Anna Sannino

Stazione Sperimentale Conserve Alimentari, Food Safety Department, Viale Tanara, 31/A, 43100 Parma, Italy

Georges Scholl

Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, CART (Centre of analysis of residues in trace), University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie, 6, Bat B6c, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium

Marie-Louise Scippo

Department of Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, CART (Centre of analysis of residues in traces), University of Liege, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, Bat B43-bis, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium

Catherine Simoneau

Community Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Materials, European Commission, DG-Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Unit Physical and Chemical Exposure, T.P. 260, Ispra Va 21020, Italy

Richard H. Stadler

Quality Management Department, Nestlé Product Technology Centre Orbe, CH 1350 Orbe, Switzerland

Katsumi Tamakawa

Sendai City Institute of Public Health, 2-5-10, Oroshimachi-higashi, Wakabayashi ward, Sendai city, Miyagi prefecture, 984-0002, Japan

Sherry B. Turnipseed

US FDA, Animal Drugs...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 10.9.2008
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Mikrobiologie / Infektologie / Reisemedizin
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) ► Pharmakologie / Toxikologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Analytische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Lebensmitteltechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-093192-8 / 0080931928
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-093192-0 / 9780080931920