Alternative and Complementary Therapies for Cancer (eBook)

Integrative Approaches and Discovery of Conventional Drugs

Moulay Alaoui-Jamali (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2010 | 2010
XX, 722 Seiten
Springer US (Verlag)
978-1-4419-0020-3 (ISBN)

Infos

Cancer is a common disease with a devastating impact on the physical and psychological well being of patients. The diagnosis of cancer brings upon many clinical challenges and questions for which clear and simple answers are not always provided by modern medicine. To date, only limited therapeutic options are available for patients with advanced cancer. The recent shift toward targeted therapies has improved substantially patient's survival, however, relapses are frequent and cure remains rare. This led patients and many health care managers to shift attention to the holistic approach of traditional medicine particularly preparations from herbal products to manage and alleviate the disease.

Typically, herbal preparations contain single or multiple plant ingredients, including a number of potential active components. Yet, they remain classified as food supplements and thus are exempt from regulations on quality control and proof of efficacy that govern standard pharmaceuticals. Clinical evidence for many preparations is often based on non-documented or anecdotal evidence. In consequence, several preparations with unproven efficacy are circulating in the market with the fear of interference with standard cancer therapies and/or severe toxicity that some can generate, in addition to the unjustified economical burden to patients. Despite inconsistent and conflicting clinical results single molecules have been isolated from herbal preparations and many are exploited to develop potential novel agents.

This has fostered the need to organize a set of timely, in-depth and up-to-date review covering the latest developments in alternative cancer management from a scientific and clinical perspective dedicated to the medical community and health care providers, as well as to patients and their families. This book brings the latest comprehensive cancer information and practical recommendations on the best documented practice of alternative therapies for cancer management put together by recognized experts in the fields of medical oncology, traditional medicine, and cancer pharmacology. It goes hand-in-hand with the patient's medical treatment options, quality of life issues, and more. The book is organized into four major sections: The first is an overview of the cancer syndrome by renowned medical oncologists from the USA and Europe. The second is a comprehensive description of traditional medicine by renowned experts from China and Germany. The third is an overview on the pharmacological impact of herb-based formulations on standard chemotherapy agents used in clinical practice. The fourth is a survey of cases reports from several hospitals with approved practice of alternative medicine.

The book will feature simple definitions and essential information grouped in both medical and lay-term terminology, and straightforward illustrations related to human physiology, disease definition, scientific data on know and potential mechanisms of action, and preventive approaches.

Finally, the book will feature collaboration of experts from China, India, USA, Canada, Germany, France, and other centres with recognized expertise in alternative/traditional medicine. This international cooperation is crucial to cover the complex topic of alternative therapies for cancer.

Inhalt

Alternative and Complementary Therapies for Cancer 1
Preface 5
Acknowledgement 8
Contents 9
Contributors 13
Part I: Introduction 17
Overview of Efficacy and Limitation of Standard and Targeted Therapy for Malignant Disease Using Lung Cancer as a Case Study 18
1.1 Introduction 19
1.2 Paradigm of Modern Cancer Therapy 20
1.3 Current Therapy for Lung Cancer 22
1.4 Perspectives 31
References 33
Part II: Integrative Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Cancer Care 37
Overview of Current TCM Practice and Potential Impacts on Conventional Therapies 38
Part III: Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Cancer Care in India: Basic and Clinical Perspectives 41
Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Cancer Care in India: Basic and Clinical Perspective 42
3.1 Introduction 42
3.2 History of Cancer in C.A.M.-India 44
3.2.1 Ayurveda: An Art-Science of Health 46
3.2.2 General Principles of Ayurveda 47
3.2.3 Diseases in Ayurveda 47
3.2.4 Diseases Similar to Cancer-Description, Types, Prognosis, and Treatment Approaches 47
3.2.5 An Ayurvedic Physician's Dilemma and Approach 49
3.3 Withania somnifera (L) Dunal 49
3.3.1 Ashwagandha 49
3.3.2 Phytochemistry 51
3.3.3 Experimental Studies 51
3.3.4 Clinical and Ayurvedic Usage 54
3.4 Tinospora glabra 55
3.4.1 Syn. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers 55
3.4.2 Phytochemistry 55
3.4.3 Formulations 56
3.4.4 Biological Activity 57
3.4.5 Safety Studies 58
3.4.6 Clinical Studies 58
3.5 Semecarpus anacardium Linn 58
3.5.1 (Bhallatak) 59
3.5.2 Phytochemistry 61
3.5.3 Formulations 61
3.5.4 Biological Activity 61
3.5.5 Clinical Studies 64
3.5.6 Toxicity Studies 67
3.5.7 Recommendations and Caution 67
3.6 Curcuma longa Linn (Haridra) 68
3.6.1 Phytoconstituents 69
3.6.2 Formulations 71
3.6.3 Biological Activity 71
3.6.4 Toxicity 72
3.6.5 Clinical Studies 73
3.6.6 Illustrative Case Records 74
3.7 Conclusions 78
3.8 CAM in Hemato-oncology 78
References 82
Part IV: Integrated TCM for Cancer Care in China: Principles, Recipes, and Case Studies for Selected Sites 94
Esophageal Cancer 95
4.1 Introduction 95
4.2 Etiology and Pathogenesis 96
4.3 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment 96
4.3.1 Liver Qi Stagnation 97
4.3.2 Entwinement of Phlegm and Qi 98
4.3.3 Obstruction of Phlegm and Blood Stasis 99
4.3.4 Damage of Yin by Heat Toxin 100
4.3.5 Spleen and Stomach Deficiency 102
4.3.6 Kidney Yang Insufficiency 103
4.4 Treatment of Complications 104
4.4.1 Cancerous Pain 104
4.4.2 Esophageal Obstruction 106
4.4.2.1 Bai Xia Kai Dao Tang 106
4.4.2.2 Ban Xia Xie Xing Tang 107
4.4.2.3 Kai Guan San 107
4.5 Other Examples of Used Formulations and Recipes with Proven Efficacy 108
4.5.1 Kun Bei Wan 108
4.5.2 Ling Xian Er Cao Tang 108
4.5.3 Jian Pi Zi Shen Tang 109
4.5.4 Shun Qi Ruan Jian Tang 109
4.5.5 Zeng Ye Hua Tan Wan 110
4.5.6 Tong You Tang 111
4.5.7 Er Chen Xuan Fu Tang 111
4.5.8 Hai Zao Mu Li Tang 112
4.5.9 Shuang Ren San 113
4.5.10 Simple Recipe 113
Gastric Cancer 114
5.1 Introduction 114
5.2 History of Stomach Cancer from a TCM Perspective 115
5.3 Etiology and Pathogenesis 115
5.3.1 Inadequate Diet 116
5.3.2 Irregular Emotion 117
5.3.3 Stress 117
5.3.4 Dual Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney 117
5.4 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment 117
5.4.1 Disharmony of the Liver and Stomach 118
5.4.2 Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis 119
5.4.3 Entwinement and Obstruction of Phlegm and Qi 120
5.4.4 Spleen and Stomach Qi Deficiency 121
5.4.5 Stomach Yin Deficiency 122
5.4.6 Deficient-Type Cold in the Spleen and Stomach 123
5.4.7 Dual Deficiency of Qi and Blood 125
5.5 Simple and Proven TCM Recipes for Stomach Cancer 126
5.5.1 Sheng Xue Tang Plus and Minus 126
5.5.2 Chai Hu Shu Gan Tang Combined with Xi Shu Jian 127
5.5.3 Zhi Wei Ai Fang 127
5.5.4 Liu Jun Yi Yi Ren Tang 128
5.5.5 Modified Zhi Pu Liu Jun Zi Tang 129
5.5.6 Yi Qi Fang Du Tang 130
5.5.7 Tong You Tang 131
5.5.8 Yi Qi Jian Pi Tang 132
5.5.9 Kang Ai Ling 133
5.5.10 Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang Combined with Si Jun Zi Tang 133
5.5.11 Yi Qi Zhi E Tang 134
5.5.12 Fu Zheng Jian Du Fang 134
5.5.13 Hua Liao Zeng Min Fang 135
5.5.14 Sheng Xue Fang 136
5.5.15 Fu Fang San Si He Ji 137
5.6 The Role of Acupuncture Therapy in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer 138
5.7 Prognosis of Stomach Cancer from a TCM Perspective 139
5.8 Treatment of Complications 140
5.8.1 Hemorrhage 140
5.8.2 Gastric Outlet Obstruction 141
5.8.3 Ascites 141
5.8.4 Dumping Syndrome 141
Colorectal Cancer 143
6.1 Introduction 143
6.2 Etiology and Pathogenesis 144
6.3 Syndrome Differentiation 144
6.3.1 Internal Accumulation of Dampness Heat 144
6.3.2 Internal Binding of Blood Stasis and Toxin 145
6.3.3 Spleen Deficiency and Dampness Obstruction 146
6.3.4 Dual Deficiency of Qi and Blood 147
6.3.5 Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency 148
6.3.6 Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency 149
6.4 Examples of Other Proven Formulations and Recipes 150
6.4.1 Qing Chang Jie Du Tang 150
6.4.2 Qing Chang Xiao Zhong Tang 151
6.4.3 Bai She Feng Wei Tang 152
6.4.4 Chan Pi Wu Gong Jian 152
6.4.5 Long Shu Weng Lian Tang 153
6.4.6 Leng E Jiang Teng Yin 154
6.4.7 Xin Jia Xie Xin Tang 154
6.4.8 Qing Xue Ran Jian Tang 155
6.4.9 Jia Wei Zhi Shu Wan 156
6.4.10 Jia Wei Si Ni Tang (Augmented Frigid Extremities Decoction) 156
6.4.11 Shen Ling Shu Jiang Tang 157
6.5 Treatment of Complications 158
6.5.1 Pain 158
6.5.2 Ascites 158
6.5.3 Colon Obstruction by the Tumor Mass 159
6.5.4 Colon Perforation 160
Liver Cancer 161
7.1 Introduction 161
7.2 Pathogenesis of Liver Cancer from TCM Perspective 162
7.2.1 QI Stagnation and Blood Stasis 162
7.2.2 Blood Stasis 163
7.2.3 Phlegm-Damp Agglomeration 164
7.2.4 Body Accumulation of Toxin-Heat 164
7.2.5 Deficiency of Vital QI 165
7.2.6 Evil Factors and Healthy Energy in Cancer 165
7.3 TCM-Based Diagnosis of Liver Cancer 166
7.4 Concurrent Syndromes 168
7.5 Principles of TCM Therapeutics for Liver Cancer 171
7.6 Common TCM Treatments 174
7.6.1 QI Stagnation and Blood Stasis 174
7.6.2 Spleen Deficiency and QI Stagnation 175
7.6.3 Spleen Deficiency and Phlegm Stagnancy 176
7.6.4 Liver Stagnancy and Kidney Deficiency 177
7.6.5 Liver Heat and Blood Stasis 178
7.6.6 Liver Heat and Phlegm Toxins 178
7.6.7 Deficiency of Liver and Kidney Yin 179
7.7 Common Medicines Used for Disease Differentiation 180
7.8 Treatment of Concurrent Symptoms Associated with Advanced Cancer 183
7.8.1 Jaundice 183
7.8.2 Blood Syndrome 183
7.8.3 Hepatic Encephalopathy 184
7.9 Other Therapeutic Methods in TCM 184
7.9.1 External Therapeutic Methods 184
7.9.2 Acupuncture 186
7.9.3 Qigong Therapy 187
7.9.4 Dietary Therapy 188
7.10 Conclusion 190
Pancreatic Cancer 192
8.1 Introduction 192
8.2 Etiopathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer from a TCM Perspective 194
8.3 Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer in TCM Practice 196
8.4 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment in TCM 199
8.5 TCM Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Complications 205
8.5.1 Pain 205
8.5.2 Jaundice 206
8.5.3 Ascitis 207
8.6 Common Patented TCM Formulations for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer 208
8.7 Case Reports 209
Case 1: Female, 79 Years Old 209
Case 2: Male, 76 Years Old 211
Breast Cancer 212
9.1 Introduction 212
9.2 An Historical Perspective 213
9.3 Etiology and Pathogenesis from a TCM Perspective 214
9.4 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment Principle 214
9.4.1 Liver Depression and Qi Stagnation 216
9.4.2 Entwinement and Obstruction of Phlegm and Qi 216
9.4.3 Accumulation of Blood Stasis and Toxin 217
9.4.4 Dual Deficiency of Qi and Blood 218
9.5 Treatment of Complications 218
9.5.1 Formula for Treatment of Specific Complications 219
9.5.1.1 Upper Extremity Swelling 219
9.5.1.2 Breast Ulcer 220
9.5.1.3 Cancer Pain 221
9.6 TCM for Alleviating Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Side Effects 222
9.6.1 Qi and Yin Injury, Internal Heat Due to Yin Deficiency 222
9.6.2 Pneumonia 222
9.6.3 Esophagitis 223
9.6.4 Dermatitis 224
9.6.5 Stomatitis 224
9.7 Endocrine Therapy of Chinese Medicine 225
9.8 Diet Therapy 225
9.8.1 Ju He Ru Mo Mi Yin (Tangerine Seed, Frankincense, and Myrrh Beverage) 225
9.8.2 Pu Gong Ying Yuan Hu Yin (Dandelion and Yanhusuo Beverage) 226
9.8.3 Zao Jiao Ci Ju Pi Mi Yin (Chinese Honeylocust Spine, Green Tangerine Peel, and Honey Beverage) 228
Ovarian Cancer 230
10.1 Introduction 230
10.2 History of Ovarian Cancer from a TCM Perspective 231
10.3 TCM-Based Etiology and Pathogenesis of Ovarian Cancer 232
10.3.1 Internal Injury by Seven Irregular Emotions 232
10.3.2 Improper Diet 232
10.3.3 External Attack by Evil Toxins 233
10.4 Syndrome Differentiations and Treatment 233
10.4.1 Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis 233
10.4.2 Dampness-Heat and Toxin Stagnation 234
10.4.3 Phlegm-Dampness Accumulation and Coagulation 236
10.4.4 Yin Deficiency Due to Internal Heat 237
10.4.5 Yin Deficiency of Liver and Kidney 238
10.4.6 Weak Spleen Due to Qi Deficiency 239
10.4.7 Dual Deficiency of Qi and Blood 240
10.5 Examples of Simple and Proved TCM Recipes for Ovarian Cancer 241
10.5.1 Chuan Shan Jia San 241
10.5.2 Wu Mei Xiao Xia San 242
10.5.3 Shuang Shi Tang 243
10.5.4 Ji Sheng Da Huang Tang 243
10.5.5 Tao Hong Si Wu Tang Jia Wei (Augmented Persica and Carthamus Four Materials Decoction) 244
10.5.6 Ban Zhi Hua She Tang 245
10.5.7 Fu Zheng Jie Du San Jie Yin 245
10.5.8 Ding Xiang A Wei San 246
10.5.9 Qing Rei Xiao Liu Jian 246
10.5.10 Hua Liu Wan 247
10.5.11 San Ren Tang 248
10.5.12 Shi Shang Bai Injectable Formulation 248
10.5.13 Chuan Xin Lian Injectable Formulation 248
10.5.14 Tian Hua Feng (Radix Trichosanthis) Desiccant 249
10.6 Integrative Conventional and TCM Treatment of Ovarian Cancer in Chinese Oncology Practice 249
10.7 Treatment of Complications 253
10.7.1 Malignant Ascites 253
10.7.2 Abdominal Pain 254
Prostate Cancer 255
11.1 Introduction 255
11.2 Etiology and Pathogenesis 256
11.3 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment 256
11.3.1 Dampness Heat Accumulation 257
11.3.2 Internal Binding of Blood Stasis 258
11.3.3 Kidney Qi Deficiency 259
11.4 Treatment of Complications 261
11.5 Other Proved Formulations and Recipes with Proven Efficacy 263
11.5.1 Jie Re Tong Lin Fang 263
11.5.2 Qing Re Tong Lin Fang 264
11.5.3 Bu Yuan Tiao He Tang 264
11.5.4 Shen Qi Xian Rong Tang 267
11.5.5 Liu Wei Di Huang Tang (Six Flavor Teapills) Combined with Shi Qiao San with Modification 268
11.5.6 Zhi Tong Fang 269
11.5.7 Long She Piao Xiao Tang 270
11.5.8 Zhi Qian Lian Xian Ai Fang (Prostate Cancer Therapeutic Formula) 270
11.5.9 Zhong Jie Fen Cha 271
11.5.10 Simple Recipe 271
11.5.11 Other Proven Formulations and Recipes 272
*Recipes 1 272
*Recipes 2 272
Recipes 3 273
Recipe 4 273
Recipe 5 273
Recipe 6 274
Kidney Cancer 276
12.1 Introduction 276
12.2 TCM Pathogenesis of Kidney Cancer 277
12.3 Syndrome Differentiation and TCM Therapeutic Approaches 278
12.3.1 Dual Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney 278
12.3.2 Deficiency of Liver and Kidney Yin 280
12.3.3 Accumulation and Binding of Dampness-Heat 280
12.3.4 Internal Obstruction of Blood Stasis 281
12.3.5 Hyperactivity of Heart Fire 282
12.3.6 Dual Deficiency of Qi and Blood 283
12.3.7 Linger of Evil-Toxin After Cancer Being Attacked 284
12.4 The Integration of TCM with Surgery 285
12.5 The Integration of TCM with Chemotherapy 287
12.5.1 Clears Heat and Detoxifies the Body 287
12.5.2 Nourishes Qi and Blood 287
12.5.3 Strengthens the Spleen and Harmonizes the Stomach 288
12.5.4 Nourish the Liver and the Kidney 289
12.6 TCM and Radiotherapy 290
12.7 Treatment of Complications 290
12.7.1 Bone Metastasis 290
12.7.1.1 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment 291
Kidney Yang Deficiency, Cold Coagulation, and Obstruction 291
Kidney Yin Deficiency, Internal Accumulation of Toxic Fire 292
Qi and Blood Deficiency and Toxins in the Bone 292
Qi and Blood Stasis, Accumulation and Binding of Toxic Evil 293
12.7.2 Chronic Renal Failure 296
12.7.2.1 Syndrome Differentiation 297
Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency, Upward Flooding of Dampness-Turbidity 297
Deficiency of Qi and Yin, Internal Binding of Dampness Turbidity 297
Dual Deficiency of Yin and Yang 298
12.7.3 Anemia 299
12.7.3.1 Syndrome Differentiation 300
Spleen Qi Dispiritment 300
Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency 300
Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency 301
Dual Deficiency of Kidney Yin and Kidney Yang 302
Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis 303
12.7.4 Fever 304
12.7.4.1 Syndrome Differentiation 304
Fever Due to Blood Stasis 304
Fever Due to Qi Deficiency 305
Fever Due to Blood Deficiency 306
Fever Due to Yin Deficiency 307
Fever Due to Yang Deficiency 307
12.8 Examples of Common, Simple and Proved TCM Recipes for Kidney Cancer Management 308
12.9 Acupuncture 311
12.9.1 Suitable for Kidney Cancer in All Stages 311
12.9.2 Lumbago Due to Kidney Deficiency in Kidney Cancer 312
12.9.3 Lumbago After Kidney Cancer Excision 312
12.9.4 Acupoint Injection 312
12.10 Massage 312
12.11 External TCM Medicine 313
12.11.1 Ai Tong San 313
12.12 Nourishing and Nursing 313
12.13 Case Report Studies 314
Case 1: Male, Born in the year of 1933, An Employee of a Beijing Sport Newspaper 314
Case 2: Male, 64 Years Old, the Business Representative of a German Corporation 317
Case 3: Female, 65 Year-Old, Professional 320
Bladder Cancer 323
13.1 Introduction 323
13.2 Etiology and Pathogenesis 324
13.3 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment 324
13.3.1 Heat Accumulation in the Lung 325
13.3.2 Excessive Heat in the Bladder 326
13.3.3 Liver Depression and Qi Stagnation 327
13.3.4 Blood Stasis Obstruction Internally 329
13.3.5 Spleen and Stomach Deficiency 330
13.3.6 Unconsolidated Kidney Qi 331
13.3.7 Kidney Deficiency 333
13.4 Treatment of Complications 335
13.4.1 Uremia 335
13.4.2 Infection 337
13.4.3 Bladder Outlet Obstruction 338
13.5 Examples of Simple and Proven Formulations and Recipes 339
13.5.1 Long She Yang Quan Tang 339
13.5.2 Ya Zao Feng Mi Wan 339
13.5.3 Er Xian Tang 340
13.5.4 San Jin Tang 340
13.5.5 Jie Du Li Shi Tang 341
13.5.6 Mi Ren Chi Dou Tang 342
13.5.7 Xin Dan Pang Guang Tang 342
13.5.8 Sang She Tangh 344
13.5.9 Qiang She Tang 345
13.5.10 Jia Wei Wu Ling San 345
13.5.11 Fu Fang Er Ji Tang 346
13.5.12 Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 1 347
13.5.13 Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 2 348
13.5.14 Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 3 349
13.5.15 Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 4 350
13.5.16 Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 4 350
13.5.17 Fu Fang Shan Zhi Tang 351
13.5.18 Lian Ji Di Huang Tang 352
13.5.19 Simple Recipe 353
13.5.20 Dietary Therapy of Bladder Cancer 1 353
13.5.21 Dietary Therapy of Bladder Cancer 2 354
Brain Cancer 355
14.1 An Overview of TCM-Based Brain Cancer Etiology and Pathogenesis 355
14.2 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment 356
14.2.1 Qi and Blood Stagnation 357
14.2.2 Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency 358
14.2.3 Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency 359
14.2.4 Internal Obstruction of Dampness and Phlegm 360
14.2.5 Excessive Heat in the Liver and Gallbladder 362
14.2.6 Liver Deficiency 363
14.3 Examples of Other Formulations and Recipes with Proven Efficacy 365
14.3.1 Xiao Liu Tang 365
14.3.2 Yi Qi Hua Tan San 365
14.3.3 Nao Liu Xiao Fang 366
14.3.4 Sticky Paste for External Application 367
14.3.5 Nao Liu Yi Hao Fang (No.1 Formula of Brain Cancer) 367
14.3.6 Nao Liu Er Hao Fang (No.2 Formula Of Brain Cancer) 368
14.4 Integration of TCM with Conventional Therapies for Brain Cancer 368
14.5 Treatment of Complications 370
14.5.1 Intracranial Hypertension 370
14.5.2 Central Fever 370
Part V: Management of Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Cancer 372
Complementary and Alternative Treatments for the Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue 373
15.1 Definition 373
15.2 Prevalence of the Problem of Cancer-Related Fatigue 373
15.3 Physiology of Cancer-Related Fatigue 374
15.4 Concomitant Factors of Cancer-Related Fatigue 374
15.5 Conventional Treatments 375
15.6 Integrative Therapies for Cancer-Related Fatigue 375
15.6.1 Biologically Based Practices 376
15.6.1.1 Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Infusion 376
15.6.1.2 Lectin-Standardized Mistletoe Extract 377
15.6.1.3 Levocarnitine Supplement 377
15.6.1.4 Other Agents Affecting Mitochondrial Metabolism 378
15.6.1.5 Ginseng 379
15.6.2 Mind-Body Medicine Treatments 379
15.6.2.1 Hypnosis 380
15.6.2.2 Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) 380
15.6.2.3 Relaxation/Breathing Exercise 381
15.6.2.4 Yoga 381
15.6.2.5 Sleep Promotion 383
15.6.2.6 Energy Conservation and Activity Management 383
15.6.2.7 Other Psychosocial Interventions 384
15.6.3 Manipulative and Body-Based Practices 384
15.6.4 Energy-Based Treatments 385
15.6.4.1 Healing Touch 385
15.6.4.2 Reiki 386
15.6.4.3 Polarity Therapy 386
15.6.5 Whole Medical Systems 387
15.6.5.1 Acupuncture 387
15.6.5.2 Aromatherapy/Reflexology/Foot Soak 388
15.7 Discussion 388
References 389
Complementary and Alternative Treatments for the Management of Cancer-Related Pain 394
16.1 Introduction 394
16.2 Cancer Pain: Prevalence 395
16.3 CAM for Cancer Pain: Literature Review 397
16.3.1 Prevalence of CAM Use in Cancer 397
16.3.2 Cochrane Reviews 397
16.3.3 Other Systematic Reviews 397
16.3.4 Books 398
16.4 CAM Treatments for Cancer Pain: Summary of Evidence 398
16.5 Conclusion 399
References 400
Part VI: Clinical, Pharmacological, and Safety Issues Using Complementary Therapies 401
Challenges Conducting Clinical Trials with Herbal Products in Oncology 402
17.1 Introduction 402
17.2 Issues and Challenges in Clinical Trials with Herbal Products 404
17.2.1 Product-Related 404
17.2.2 Study Design-Related 410
17.3 Conclusion 414
References 415
Herbal Product-Drug Interactions from a Pharmacological Perspective 421
18.1 Introduction 422
18.2 Herb-Drug Interactions Associated with the Use of Prevalent Herbal Products by Cancer Patients 424
18.3 Herb-Drug Interactions Involving Host Drug Pharmacology 449
18.4 Herb-drug interaction at the levels of cancer cell targets 456
18.5 Pharmacovigilance and Herbal Products 457
18.5.1 Overview of Known/Potential Drug Interactions and Adverse Reactions Involving Selected Commonly Used Herbs 460
18.5.1.1 St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) 460
18.5.1.2 Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) 462
18.5.1.3 Garlic (Allium sativum) 464
18.5.1.4 Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) 465
18.5.1.5 Ginseng 466
18.5.1.6 Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens), Pygeum (Pygeum africanum), and Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) 468
18.5.2 Other Medicinal Herbs Susceptible to Interfere with Drug Pharmacology 470
18.5.3 The Case of Dietary Nutrients 473
18.6 Practical Remarks and Perspectives 474
References 476
Part VII: Patient-Physician Relationship 492
Patient-Physician Relationship: Creating an Optimal Healing Environment 493
19.1 InspireHeath's Cultural Values 502
19.1.1 As a Community, We Value and Support 502
19.1.1.1 Self-responsibility 502
19.1.1.2 Teamwork 503
19.1.1.3 Open Communication 503
19.1.1.4 Authenticity and Integrity 503
19.1.1.5 Personal Growth 504
References 506
Part VIII: Regulatory Issues 507
Legal Issues in Alternative Treatment of Cancer 508
20.1 Introduction 508
20.2 Legal Issues 509
20.3 The Commencement of the Relationship 513
20.4 Competing Interests 519
Intellectual Property for Alternative Medicine 523
21.1 Introduction 523
21.2 Types of Patents 525
21.2.1 Utility or Invention Patents 525
21.2.1.1 PCT Applications and Process 527
21.2.1.2 Provisional Patent Applications 529
21.2.2 Plant Patents and Other Certificates of Protection 529
21.2.3 Sui Generis System for Protection 530
21.2.3.1 Brazil 531
21.2.3.2 India 532
21.2.3.3 Peru 532
21.2.3.4 The Philippines 533
21.3 Patentability Requirements 533
21.3.1 Patentable Subject Matter 533
21.3.1.1 Novelty and Nonobviousness/Inventive Step 535
Novelty 535
21.3.1.2 Inventive Step/Nonobviousness 537
21.3.1.3 Support in Specification and Claim Definiteness 539
21.3.2 Challenging a Patent 540
21.3.2.1 Interferences (United States) 540
21.3.2.2 Oppositions/Nullity Actions 541
21.3.2.3 Re-examinations and Reissue Patents in the United States 541
21.3.3 Infringement 542
Notes 544
Part IX: From Practice to Basics 548
Chemical-Biology of Natural Products from Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy 549
22.1 Introduction 550
22.2 Molecular Modes of Action of Alkaloids on Cancer Cells 555
22.3 Pharmacogenomics 562
22.4 Conclusion and Perspective 567
References 568
Flavonoids in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Mechanisms of Action, and Perspectives for Cancer Drug Discovery 575
23.1 Introduction 575
23.2 Chemical Structures of Flavonoids 576
23.3 Flavonoid Metabolism 578
23.4 Flavonoid Pharmacological Activities 579
23.5 Flavonoids in Cancer Prevention 581
23.5.1 In Vitro Antimutagenicity 582
23.5.2 Cancer Prevention in Animal Models 583
23.5.3 Cancer Prevention in Humans 584
23.6 Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy 585
23.6.1 Antimitotic Effects 585
23.6.2 Apoptotic Effects 586
23.6.3 Differentiation 586
23.6.4 Topoisomerase Inhibition 587
23.6.5 Multidrug Resistance 587
23.6.6 Cell Signaling 588
23.6.7 Effect on Hormone-Dependent Cancers 589
23.6.8 Antiangiogenic Properties 590
23.6.9 Vascular Disrupting Properties 590
23.6.10 Flavonoids Combination with Cancer Treatments 591
23.7 Flavonoid Toxicity 592
23.8 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 592
References 594
Marine Natural Products and their Synthetic Derivatives for Cancer Therapy 605
24.1 Introduction 605
24.2 Marine Bioactive Alkaloids 606
24.3 Marine Bioactive Steroids 614
24.4 Marine Bioactive Peptides 618
24.5 Conclusion 625
References 626
Natural Product-like Scaffolds for Molecular Dissection of Macromolecular Interactions and New Therapeutic Applications 636
25.1 Introduction 637
25.2 Protein-Protein Interactions in Cell Signalling and Diseases 637
25.2.1 Molecular Dissection of FAK Signalling 639
25.2.2 Focal Adhesion Complex and Breast Cancer 642
25.3 Modulators of Protein-Protein Interactions and Role of Naturally Derived Molecules 643
25.4 Identification of Novel Protein-Protein Interactions 643
25.4.1 Immunopurification Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (IP-HTMS) 645
25.4.2 Mapping Protein-Protein Interactions in Yeast and Human 646
25.5 Overview of New Technologies to Screen for Protein-Protein Interaction Modulators 646
25.5.1 Functional Protein Microarrays 646
25.5.2 Small-Molecule Microarrays 647
25.5.3 Fragment-Based Lead Discovery 648
25.5.4 NMR Spectroscopy 648
25.5.5 X-Ray Crystallography 650
25.6 The Case for Diversity-Oriented Synthesis 651
25.7 Future Challenges and Applications 651
25.7.1 Ongoing Study in Our Lab 652
References 654
Mining Natural Product-Derived Molecules Against Cancer Targets: The Case of the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer 661
26.1 Introduction 662
26.2 Androgen Receptor as a Target for Prostate Cancer and Limitations 663
26.3 Natural Products as a Source of Bioactive Molecules 667
26.4 Mining Natural Products Against Wild-Type and Mutated Androgen Receptors 669
26.5 Therapeutic Implications 675
26.6 Conclusion and Perspectives 676
References 677
Subject Index 683

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 2.9.2010
• Zusatzinfo: XX, 722 p. 32 illus.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Onkologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Pharmakologie / Pharmakotherapie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Naturheilkunde
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Schlagworte: Alternative Therapy • cancer prevention • Cancer Treatment • Drug discovery approaches • fatigue • Flavonoid • Legal issues • Physiology • Traditional Chinese Medicine
• ISBN-10: 1-4419-0020-9 / 1441900209
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4419-0020-3 / 9781441900203