Biomedical Aspects of Histamine (eBook)
XXXV, 441 Seiten
Springer Netherland (Verlag)
978-90-481-9349-3 (ISBN)
Since its identification by Sir Henry H. Dale a century ago, histamine has become one of the most important multifunctional biogenic amines in the field of biomedicine. The pharmacological effects of histamine are mediated through four types of membrane histamine receptors; H1R, H2R, H3R and H4R, which are all heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptors. It has been known to play the broadest spectrum of activities in various physiological and pathological conditions including cell proliferation, differentiation, hematopoiesis, embryonic development, regeneration, wound healing, aminergic neurotransmission and numerous brain functions, secretion of pituitary hormones, regulation of gastrointestinal and circulatory functions, cardiovascular system, as well as inflammatory reactions, modulation of the immune response, endocrine function and homeostasis, and other important areas.
This book is a compendium of the current state of established and investigational literature on Histamine, its receptors and their Agonists and antagonists. It provides a comprehensive overview of histamine biology in the field of biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, immunology, allergy, neurobiology, pharmacology, microbiology and reproductive biology. The first section on Histamine biology and physiology leads into subsequent sections on enzymology, pharmacology, regulation of the immune system and cell proliferation and role in allergic and other diseases including acid peptic diseases, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune and cancer diseases, nervous system, reproductive functions and hematopoiesis. The compilation of chapters in the book presents the most recent advances in histamine research and bridges the basic and clinical aspects of histamine biology.
Since its identification by Sir Henry Dale a century ago, histamine has become one of the most important multifunctional biogenic amines in the field of biomedicine. The pharmacologic effects of histamine are mediated through four types of membrane histamine receptors; H1R, H2R, H3R and H4R, which are all heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptors. It has been known to play the broadest spectrum of activities in various physiological and pathological conditions including cell proliferation, differentiation, hematopoiesis, embryonic development, regeneration, wound healing, aminergic neurotransmission and numerous brain functions, secretion of pituitary hormones, regulation of gastrointestinal and circulatory functions, cardiovascular system, as well as inflammatory reactions, modulation of the immune response, endocrine function and homeostasis, and other important areas. This book is a compendium of the current state of established and investigational literature on Histamine, its receptors and their agnonists and antagonists. It provides a comprehensive overview of histamine biology in the field of biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, immunology, allergy, neurobiology, pharmacology, microbiology and reproductive biology. The first section on Histamine biology and physiology leads into subsequent sections on enzymology, pharmacology, regulation of the immune system and cell proliferation and role in allergic and other diseases including acid peptic diseases, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune and cancer diseases, nervous system, reproductive functions and hematopoiesis. The compilation of chapters in the book presents the most recent advances in histamine research and bridges the basic and clinical aspects of histamine biology.
Foreword 5
Preface 7
Contents 10
List of Figures 13
List of Tables 23
Contributors 24
About the Editors 29
Part I Histamine Biology and Physiology 32
1 An Overview of Histamine Synthesis, Regulationand Metabolism, and its Clinical Aspectsin Biological System 33
1.1 Introduction 34
1.2 Synthesis of Histamine 34
1.3 Regulation of Histamine 36
1.4 Metabolism of Histamine 37
1.5 Biological Effects of Histamine 39
1.6 Conclusion 40
References 41
2 Regulation of Mammalian Histamine Synthesis: Histidine Decarboxylase 44
2.1 Introduction 45
2.2 Purification and cDNA Cloning of HDC 46
2.3 Transcriptional Regulation of HDC 46
2.3.1 Stomach 47
2.3.2 Mastocytoma 47
2.3.3 Tissue/Cell Specific Expression 48
2.4 Post-Translational Regulation of HDC 48
2.5 Histamine Forming Cells 50
2.6 Gene Targeting of HDC 52
2.7 Conclusion 53
References 54
Part II Enzymology in Histamine Biology 60
3 Enzymology in Histamine Biogenesis 61
3.1 Introduction 62
3.2 A Brief Presentation of the Involved Elements and Organisms 63
3.3 Major Structural and Catalytic Properties of Gram-Positive Bacteria HDC 64
3.4 General Concepts on PLP-Dependent Histidine Decarboxylases 66
3.5 Phylogenetic Analysis of PLP-Dependent Decarboxylases 69
3.6 Major Structural and Catalytic Properties of the HDC of Gram-Negative Bacteria 70
3.7 Major Structural and Catalytic Properties of Eukaryotic (Mammalian) HDC 73
3.8 PLP-HDC Inhibitors: What We Have, What We Would Like to Have 78
3.9 The Scope for Future Efforts 79
References 80
Part III Pharmacology of Histamine Noble Receptors and Their Ligands in Drug Development 86
4 Biological and Pharmacological Aspects of Histamine Receptors and Their Ligands 87
4.1 Introduction 89
4.2 Histamine Receptors 90
4.2.1 Histamine H1-Receptor 90
4.2.1.1 Cellular Distribution and Functional Characterization 90
4.2.1.2 Structural Biology of Receptor 95
4.2.1.3 Signaling Mechanisms 99
4.2.2 Histamine H2-Receptor 101
4.2.2.1 Cellular Distribution and Functional Characterization 101
4.2.2.2 Structural Biology of Receptor 102
4.2.2.3 Signaling Mechanisms 104
4.2.3 Histamine H3-Receptor 106
4.2.3.1 Cellular Distribution and Functional Characterization 106
4.2.3.2 Structural Biology of Receptor 110
4.2.3.3 Signaling Mechanisms 111
4.2.4 Histamine H4-Receptor 112
4.2.4.1 Cellular Distribution and Functional Characterization 112
4.2.4.2 Structural Biology of Receptor 113
4.2.4.3 Signaling Mechanisms 114
4.3 Histamine: Non-Classical Binding Sites 114
4.3.1 Cytochrome P450 114
4.3.2 Transporters of Histamine 115
4.4 Concluding Remarks 116
References 117
Part IV Histamine Role in Immune Modulation and Regulation 127
5 The Role of Histamine in Immunoregulation in Context of T-Regulatory and Invariant NKT Cells 128
5.1 Introduction 129
5.2 Histamine Receptors 130
5.2.1 H1 Histamine Receptors 130
5.2.2 H2 Histamine Receptors 130
5.2.3 H3 Histamine Receptors 130
5.2.4 H4 Histamine Receptors 130
5.3 Histamine: Overview on Different Cell Populations 131
5.3.1 Monocytes and Dendritic Cells 131
5.3.2 Histamine and its Effect on T Lymphocytes 132
5.3.3 Antibody Response 133
5.4 T-Regulatory Cells 134
5.4.1 Site of Action of Tregs 136
5.4.2 Evidence for Human Natural Tregs in Self-Tolerance 137
5.4.3 Mast Cells and Tregs in Tolerance 138
5.4.4 Tregs and Histamine Interaction 139
5.5 NKT Cells 140
5.5.1 NKT Cell Subsets 142
5.5.2 Thymus Dependence on NKT Cells 143
5.5.3 Migration of NKT Cells from Thymus to Periphery 143
5.5.4 NKT Cells in Humans 144
5.5.5 Factors Influencing NKT-Cell Development 144
5.5.6 NKT Cell Ligands 145
5.5.6.1 -Galactosylceramide (-GalCer) 145
5.5.7 Role of NKT Cells in Immune Responses 146
5.5.7.1 Th1 Inhibition 146
5.5.7.2 Th2 Induction 146
5.5.8 Relationship Between Histamines and NKT Cells 147
5.6 Concluding Remarks 148
References 148
6 Immune Regulation by Various Facets of Histamine in Immunomodulation and Allergic Disorders 158
6.1 Introduction 159
6.2 Histamine in Immunomodulation and Allergic Inflammation 159
6.3 Effect of Histamine in Immune Cells with Respect to Allergic Diseases 162
6.3.1 Mast Cells and Basophils 162
6.3.2 Lymphocytes 163
6.3.3 Neutrophils 165
6.3.4 Monocytes, Macrophages and Dendritic Cells 165
6.3.5 Eosinophils 166
6.3.6 Epithelial Cells 167
6.3.7 Endothelial Cells 168
6.4 Concluding Remarks 169
References 169
Part V Histamine in Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation 173
7 Effects of Histamine on Lymphocytes 174
7.1 Introduction 176
7.2 Histamine and Immune Response 176
7.3 Histamine Receptors on Immune Cells 177
7.4 Effects of Histamine on T Lymphocytes 179
7.4.1 Helper T Cells 179
7.4.2 Regulatory T Cells 183
7.4.3 Invariant Natural Killer Cells (iNKT) 184
7.5 Effects of Histamine on B Lymphocytes 184
7.6 Effects of Histamine on Lymphocyte Transcription Factors 185
7.7 Regulation of Dendritic Cells by Histamine 186
7.8 Histamine Receptors and Allergic Inflammation 188
7.8.1 Monocytes 189
7.8.2 Eosinophils 190
7.8.3 Mast Cells 190
7.8.4 Suppression of Allergic Inflammation 191
7.9 Histamine and Cytokine Regulation of Immediate Hypersensitivity 191
7.10 Concluding Remarks 192
References 193
8 Histamine Aspects in Acid Peptic Diseases and Cell Proliferation 198
8.1 Introduction 200
8.2 Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Histamine 200
8.3 Histamine Release by Different Agents 202
8.3.1 Immunologic Release 202
8.3.2 Chemical and Mechanical Release 202
8.4 Histamine Receptors 202
8.4.1 Histamine H1 Receptors 203
8.4.2 Histamine H2 Receptors 203
8.4.3 Histamine H3 Receptors 203
8.4.4 Histamine H4 Receptors 204
8.5 Physiology of Gastric Acid 204
8.5.1 Gastric acid Secretion 206
8.5.2 Regulation of Gastric Acid Secretion 206
8.5.2.1 Paracrine: Histamine 207
8.5.2.2 Endocrine: Gastrin 207
8.5.2.3 Neuronal: Acetylcholine 207
8.6 Phases of Gastric Acid Secretion 207
8.6.1 Cephalic Phase 207
8.6.2 Gastric Phase 208
8.6.3 Intestinal Phase 208
8.7 Parietal Cells and Signaling Pathways 209
8.7.1 Cyclic AMP Dependent Pathway: for Histamine 209
8.7.2 Ca 2+ -Dependent Pathway: for ACh and Gastrin 209
8.8 Acid Peptic Diseases 209
8.9 H2 Receptor Antagonist in Acid Peptic Disease 210
8.10 Histamine in Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Tumorigenesis 211
8.10.1 Histamine and Hematopoiesis 212
8.10.2 Histamine in Melanoma 213
8.10.3 Histamine in Breast Cancer 214
8.11 Final Remark 215
References 216
Part VI Histamine Role in Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Allergic, Inflammatory, Autoimmune and Cancer Diseases 222
9 Histamine: Role in Pathogenesis of Autoimmune, Allergic, Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases 223
9.1 Introduction 224
9.2 Histamine Receptors in Autoimmunity 226
9.3 Autoimmunity and its Possible Mechanism Induced by Histamine 227
9.4 Immunobiological Role of Histamine in Life Threatening Diseases 229
9.4.1 Autoimmune Disorders 229
9.4.1.1 Chronic Urticaria 229
9.4.1.2 Atopic Dermatitis 231
9.4.1.3 Autoimmune Myocardium 233
9.4.1.4 Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis 234
9.4.2 Allergic Disorders 235
9.4.2.1 Allergic Rhinitis 235
9.4.2.2 Anaphylaxis (Acute) 236
9.4.2.3 Asthma 236
9.4.3 Inflammatory Disease 238
9.4.3.1 Atherosclerosis 238
9.4.4 Malignant Diseases 239
9.4.4.1 Allergy-Cancer an Important Relation and Role of Allergic Agent ''Histamine'' in Cancer 239
9.4.4.2 Malignant Melanoma 242
9.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 243
References 243
10 Biological Characteristics of Histamine Receptors in Airways Disease Management 249
10.1 Introduction 250
10.2 Histamine Uptake into and Release from Histamine Producing Cells 251
10.3 Role of Histamine in Pathogenesis of Respiratory Diseases 252
10.3.1 Role of Histamine in Obstructive Airways Disease (COAD) 252
10.3.2 Role of Histamine in Bronchial Asthma 253
10.3.3 Role of Histamine in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 255
10.4 Association Between COPD and Asthma 256
10.5 Histamine Receptors and Airways 257
10.5.1 Mast Cells Put in the Development of Allergic Airway Disease 257
10.5.2 Histamine and Allergic Bronchial Asthma 258
10.6 Role of Histamine in Management of Airways Disease 259
10.7 Concluding Remarks 260
References 260
Part VII Histamine Role in Inflammation and Allergy 266
11 Mast Cells as a Source and Target for Histamine 267
11.1 Introduction 269
11.2 Mast Cells 271
11.2.1 Origin, Distribution and Heterogeneity 271
11.2.2 Mast Cell Mediators 272
11.3 Factors Stimulating Mast Cells to Histamine Release 274
11.3.1 FcR-Dependent Mast Cells Activation 274
11.3.1.1 FcRI-Dependent Mast Cell Stimulation 274
11.3.1.2 FcR-Dependent Mast Cell Stimulation 275
11.3.2 Endogenous Factors 276
11.3.2.1 Proinflammatory Factors 276
11.3.2.2 Neuropeptides 277
11.3.2.3 Cytokines and Chemokines 278
11.3.2.4 Other Cell-Derived Peptides 280
11.3.3 Pathogens as Mast Cell Stimulants 281
11.3.3.1 Bacteria and Their Products as Mast Cell Activators 282
11.3.3.2 Viruses as Mast Cell Activators 284
11.4 Histamine and Mast Cells 285
11.4.1 Mast Cell Histamine Receptors 285
11.4.2 Histamine Influences Mast Cell Activity 287
11.5 Concluding Remarks 290
References 291
12 Histamine H1 Receptor Gene Expression Mechanism as a Novel Therapeutic Target of Allergy 305
12.1 Introduction 306
12.2 Desensitization of the Histamine H1 Receptor 306
12.3 Up-Regulation of the Histamine H1 Receptor at the Cellular Level 307
12.4 Up-Regulation of the Histamine H1 Receptor in Allergy Model Rats 309
12.5 Prophylactic Treatment with Antihistamines 311
12.6 Various Drugs Targeting Histamine H1 Receptor Gene Expression Mechanism 312
12.7 Concluding Remarks 314
References 315
Part VIII Histamine in the Nervous System 316
13 The Neuronal Histamine and it's Receptors as New Therapeutic Targets for Food Intake and Obesity 317
13.1 Introduction 318
13.2 The Signaling of Histamine Receptors 319
13.3 Neuronal Histamine and H1-R on Food Intake and Obesity 319
13.4 Effects of Neuronal Histamine on Sympathetic Nerve Activity and the Expression Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs) 320
13.5 Neuronal Histamine and H3-R on Food Intake and Obesity 321
13.6 The Studies Using Histamine Receptors or HDC Deficient Mice 322
13.7 Relationship Between Neuronal Histamine and Adipocytokine Leptin in Controlling Food Intake and Obesity 323
13.8 Neuronal Histamine H1-R as a Potential Regulator of Sleep-Wakeful Cycle 324
13.9 Diurnal Rhythm of Food Intake by Hypothalamic Histamine and Histamine H1-R 325
13.10 Neuronal Histamine and Psychotropic Drug-Related Weight Gain 327
13.11 Clinical Studies of Brain Histamine and H1-R in Feeding and Obesity 327
13.12 Concluding Remarks 328
References 328
14 Implications of Histaminergic System in Brain Histamine Dysfunction 333
14.1 Introduction 334
14.2 Role of Histamine in Pathophysiology of Brain 336
14.2.1 Role of Histamine in Pain 336
14.2.2 Effects of Histamine in Neuroinflammation 337
14.2.3 Role of Histamine in Brain Injury 338
14.2.4 Role of Histamine in Encephalopathy 339
14.2.5 Role of Histamine in Mood Disorders 339
14.2.5.1 Histamine in Schizophrenia 339
14.2.5.2 Histamine in Depression 340
14.2.6 Effect of Histamine in Sleep Disorders 341
14.2.7 Role of Histamine in Addiction and Compulsion 341
14.2.8 Role of Histamine in Dementia 342
14.2.9 Role of Histamine in Movement Disorders 343
14.2.10 Role of Histamine in Epilepsy 343
14.2.11 Role of Histamine in Eating Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome 344
14.2.12 Role of Histamine in Vestibular Disorders 345
14.3 Conclusion 346
References 346
Part IX Histamine H3 Receptor: A Target for Momentous Brain Research 354
15 Pre-Synaptic Control by Histamine H3 Receptors of Neurotransmitter Release 355
15.1 Introduction 357
15.2 General Characteristics of the Histamine H3 Receptor 357
15.2.1 Molecular Structure 357
15.2.2 Constitutive Activity 359
15.2.3 Signaling 359
15.2.3.1 Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase Activity 360
15.2.3.2 Modulation of Voltage-Operated Ca2+ Channels 360
15.2.3.3 Inhibition of Na+/H+ Exchange 360
15.2.3.4 MAPK Activation 360
15.2.3.5 Activation of the Akt/GSK-3 Axis 360
15.2.3.6 Modulation of K+ Channels 361
15.2.4 Pharmacology 361
15.2.4.1 H3R Agonists 361
15.2.4.2 H3R Antagonists 362
15.2.4.3 Species-Related Pharmacological Differences 362
15.3 Modulation by Histamine H3 Receptors of Neurotransmitter Release 363
15.3.1 Modulation of Histamine Release 363
15.3.2 Modulation of Acetylcholine (ACh) Release 368
15.3.3 Modulation of Noradrenaline Release 370
15.3.4 Modulation of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) Release 373
15.3.5 Modulation of Dopamine Release 373
15.3.6 Modulation of Glutamate Release 375
15.3.7 Modulation of GABA Release 376
15.3.8 Modulation of Substance P Release 378
15.4 Final Remarks 378
References 379
Part X Histamine H4 Receptor: A Noble Target for Inflammatory and Immune Research 385
16 Expression of Histamine H4 Receptor in Human Synovial Cells and Dermal Tissues 386
16.1 Introduction 387
16.2 Expression of H4R in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Cell Culture 387
16.3 Expression of H4R in Human Dermal Tissue 390
16.4 Effect of H4R Antagonists on Pruritus Model 391
16.5 Conclusion 393
References 394
Part XI Role of Histamine in Reproductive Function 395
17 Novel Role for Histamine Through Classical H1 and H2 Receptors: Regulation of Leydig Cell Steroidogenesis and its Implications for Male Reproductive Function 396
17.1 Introduction 397
17.2 Histamine and Male Reproductive Functions 398
17.2.1 Unraveling the Mechanism of Histamine Action on Leydig Cell Steroidogenesis 398
17.2.2 Dynamic Interplay Between Testicular Mast Cells and Leydig Cells to Regulate Gonadal Functions 402
17.3 Concluding Remarks 403
References 404
18 Possible Effect of Histamine in Physiology of Female Reproductive Function: An Updated Review 407
18.1 Introduction 408
18.2 Role of Histamine in Placenta 408
18.2.1 Mechanism of Histamine and H1-Receptor in Syncytium Function 410
18.3 Effects of Histamine in Mammary Gland 410
18.4 Histamine and Histamine-Degrading Enzyme in Pregnancy 412
18.5 Connection of Histamine and its Metabolism in Pregnancy 412
18.6 Histamine Intolerance (HIT) in Female 413
18.7 Effects of Histamine in Pregnancy Stages 414
18.7.1 Early Pregnancy 414
18.7.2 Late Pregnancy 414
18.8 Conclusion 415
References 415
Part XII Other Biomedical Aspects of Histamine Agonists, Antagonists, and Inverse Agonists 418
19 Histamine Role in Malaria 419
19.1 Introduction 420
19.2 Histamine: A Brief Account 421
19.2.1 Histamine 421
19.2.2 Histamine Receptors 422
19.3 Cerebral Malaria and Histamine 422
19.4 Origin of Histamine in Malarious Patients 424
19.4.1 Factors Responsible for Increase in Histidine Level in Malaria 424
19.4.2 Histamine, its Origin and Physiological Effects 424
19.5 Antihistaminics and Malaria 425
19.6 Role of Other Neurotransmitters in Malaria 425
19.7 Histamine H1-H4-Receptors in Malaria: A Critical View 426
19.8 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects 426
References 426
20 Histamine-Cytokine and Histamine-Antibody Network in Immune Regulation 431
20.1 Introduction 433
20.2 Immunobiological Aspects of Cytokine 433
20.3 Immunobiology of Histamine-Cytokine Network 435
20.3.1 T Lymphocytes 435
20.3.2 Mast Cells and Basophils 436
20.3.3 Dendritic Cells 437
20.3.4 Epithelial and Endothelial Cells 438
20.3.5 Monocytes and Macrophages 438
20.4 Histamine-Antibody Network in Immunomodulation 439
20.5 Future Prospects 443
References 444
Subject Index 447
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 30.9.2010 |
|---|---|
| Mitarbeit |
Chef-Herausgeber: Mohammed Shahid |
| Zusatzinfo | XXXV, 441 p. |
| Verlagsort | Dordrecht |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie |
| Schlagworte | Histamine • Histamine Antagonists • Immunomodulators |
| ISBN-10 | 90-481-9349-4 / 9048193494 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-90-481-9349-3 / 9789048193493 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
PDF (Wasserzeichen)Größe: 7,6 MB
DRM: Digitales Wasserzeichen
Dieses eBook enthält ein digitales Wasserzeichen und ist damit für Sie personalisiert. Bei einer missbräuchlichen Weitergabe des eBooks an Dritte ist eine Rückverfolgung an die Quelle möglich.
Dateiformat: PDF (Portable Document Format)
Mit einem festen Seitenlayout eignet sich die PDF besonders für Fachbücher mit Spalten, Tabellen und Abbildungen. Eine PDF kann auf fast allen Geräten angezeigt werden, ist aber für kleine Displays (Smartphone, eReader) nur eingeschränkt geeignet.
Systemvoraussetzungen:
PC/Mac: Mit einem PC oder Mac können Sie dieses eBook lesen. Sie benötigen dafür einen PDF-Viewer - z.B. den Adobe Reader oder Adobe Digital Editions.
eReader: Dieses eBook kann mit (fast) allen eBook-Readern gelesen werden. Mit dem amazon-Kindle ist es aber nicht kompatibel.
Smartphone/Tablet: Egal ob Apple oder Android, dieses eBook können Sie lesen. Sie benötigen dafür einen PDF-Viewer - z.B. die kostenlose Adobe Digital Editions-App.
Zusätzliches Feature: Online Lesen
Dieses eBook können Sie zusätzlich zum Download auch online im Webbrowser lesen.
Buying eBooks from abroad
For tax law reasons we can sell eBooks just within Germany and Switzerland. Regrettably we cannot fulfill eBook-orders from other countries.
aus dem Bereich
