Diabetes, Insulin and Alzheimer's Disease (eBook)
XIV, 218 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-642-04300-0 (ISBN)
This text provides a broad survey of the role of insulin in the brain. And it discusses the mechanisms through which insulin dysregulation contributes to the development of cognitive impairment and late-life neurodegenerative disease.
Forword 6
Acknowledgments 7
Contents 8
List of contributors 10
Insulin Action in the Brain and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease 13
1 The Insulin Signaling System 13
2 Linking the Receptor to the Insulin and IGF-1 Signaling Pathways 16
3 Regulation of the IRS and IGF-1 Receptors in Physiology and Pathophysiology 17
4 Creation and Characterization of the Brain IR Knockout Mouse 18
5 Impairment of insulin Signaling in Brain is Linked to Neurodegenerative Disease 20
6 Insulin-degrading Enzyme in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Metabolic Diseases 22
7 Insulin, Diabetes, and Brain Cholesterol Metabolism 24
References 26
The Brain-insulin Connection, Metabolic Diseases and Related Pathologies 33
1 Introduction 34
2 Central Interplay of Insulin with Hormones, Neuropeptides and Neurotransmitters 35
3 Mechanisms of Action 36
4 Metabolic, Mood and Neurodegenerative Pathologies 38
+ 43
5 Current treatment trends 44
6 Conclusion 45
References 46
Insulin-Mediated Neuroplasticity in the Central Nervous System 55
1 Introduction 56
2 Morphological Plasticity 56
3 Oxidative Stress 57
4 Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysfunction 58
5 Insulin and the Glutamate System 59
6 Leptin 60
7 Insulin 61
8 Conclusions 62
References 63
Stress Hormones and Neuroplasticity in the Diabetic Brain 69
1 Introduction 69
2 Deficits in Hippocampal Structure and Function in Rodent Models of Diabetes 70
3 Diabetes and the HPA Axis 72
4 Effect of Diabetes on Hippocampal Structure and Function: A Role for Glucocorticoids 73
5 Diabetes and Elevated Glucocorticoids in Human Cognition 74
6 Interventions that Attenuate Diabetes also Reverse Central Diabetic Encephalopathy 75
7 Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Diabetes 76
8 Stress, Diabetes, and AD Pathology 77
9 Epidemiology of Diabetes, Stress, and AD in Humans 77
10 Summary and Conclusion 78
References 79
Diabetes and the Brain – An Epidemiologic Perspective 84
1 Brief Description of Evidence Linking Diabetes to Late-age Cognitive Disorders 84
2 Integrated Community-Based Studies of Diabetes and the Brain 85
3 Cognitive Function 86
4 Brain Structure 87
References 89
Cognition in Type 2 Diabetes: Brain Imaging Correlates and Vascular and Metabolic Risk Factors 92
1 Introduction 93
2 Defining Cognitive Dysfunction 93
3 Defining Diabetes 94
4 Cognition and Dementia in DM2 and Pre-diabetic Stages 94
5 Brain Imaging in DM2 96
6 Risk Factors for Impaired Cognition and Brain Imaging Abnormalities in DM2 96
7 Conclusion 97
References 97
The Relationship Between the Continuum of Elevated Adiposity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Type 2 Diabetes and Late- onset Alzheimer’s Disease: An Epidemiological Perspective 100
1 Introduction 100
2 The Continuum of Adiposity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Type 2 Diabetes 101
2.1 Potential Mechanisms Relating the Continuum of Elevated Adiposity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Type 2 Diabetes with LOAD 104
2.2 Cerebrovascular Mechanisms. Brain Infarcts 104
2.3 White Matter Disease 105
2.4 Hyperinsulinemia and Beta Amyloid Clearance 105
3 Summary of Prospective Epidemiological Studies Linking Adiposity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Diabetes to AD 3.1 Adiposity 106
3.2 Hyperinsulinemia 107
3.3 Type 2 Diabetes 108
3.4 Metabolic Syndrome 109
4 Implications for the Prevention and Treatment of AD 109
References 111
The Role of Insulin Dysregulation in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease 119
1 Insulin and the Brain 119
2 Insulin Resistance and AD 121
2.1 Insulin Abnormalities and AD Pathology 121
2.2 Insulin Resistance and Vascular Dysfunction 124
3 Therapeutic Implications of Insulin Resistance as a Pathogenetic Mechanism in AD 3.1 Pharmacologic Insulin Sensitization 125
4 Intranasal Insulin 127
4.1 Intranasal Pathways to the CNS 128
4.2 Intranasal Drug Administration 128
4.3 Intranasal Insulin Effects in the CNS 129
5 Conclusions 132
References 132
Is Alzheimer’s a Disorder of Ageing and Why Don’t Mice get it? The Centrality of Insulin Signalling to Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology 138
1 Introduction 138
2 The Role of GSK-3 in AD Pathology 140
3 Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors Converge on Insulin Signalling 145
4 Is AD a Disorder of Ageing? 146
5 Why Don’t Mice get AD? 148
6 Insulin Signalling and Cellular and Animal Models of AD 150
7 Conclusions and Way Forward 152
References 153
PKC and Insulin Pathways in Memory Storage: Targets for Synaptogenesis, Anti- apoptosis, and the Treatment of AD 162
1 Introduction 163
2 Insulin, Insulin-like Growth Factor, and PKC Signaling 164
3 Synaptic Transmission and Synaptogenesis 165
4 PKC, APP, and Synaptogenesis 167
5 Neuronal Survival, Neurogenesis, and Anti-apoptosis 171
6 Insulin, PKC, and Learning and Memory 171
7 Insulin Pathways, Insulysin, PKC, and AD 173
8 Treatment of AD via Targeting the PKC and Insulin Signaling Pathways 176
9 Concluding Remarks 180
References 180
Diet, Abeta Oligomers and Defective Insulin and Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease 192
1 Introduction 193
2 AD Pathogenesis 193
3 Insulin Signaling and AD Pathogenesis 195
4 IRS-1 Defects in AD 196
5 IRS-1 Defects in Preclinical Models Relevant to AD 197
6 Western Diet Versus Omega 3 Fatty Acids 200
7 Curcumin 201
8 Omega-3 Protection in Humans 201
9 Clinical trials 202
10 Conclusions 202
References 203
Serum IGF-I, Life Style, and Risk of Alzheimer’s disease 209
1 Introduction 210
2 Neuroprotection by Brain- and Serum-derived IGF-I 210
3 Factors Influencing Serum IGF-I Levels 212
4 Influence of Environmental Factors on the Passage of Serum IGF- I into the Brain 213
5 Insulin, IGF-I and Late-onset AD 215
6 Conclusions 217
References 217
Index 222
Erscheint lt. Verlag | 10.3.2010 |
---|---|
Reihe/Serie | Research and Perspectives in Alzheimer's Disease | Research and Perspectives in Alzheimer's Disease |
Zusatzinfo | XIV, 218 p. 30 illus., 21 illus. in color. |
Verlagsort | Berlin |
Sprache | englisch |
Themenwelt | Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin |
Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Neurologie | |
Medizin / Pharmazie ► Studium | |
Schlagworte | aging • Alzheimer • Alzheimer´s Disease • brain-insulin connection • Diabetes • Growth factor • Hyperinsulinemia • Insulin • insulin dysregulation • insulin-growth factor • insulin-mediated neuroplasticity • insulin resistance • insulin signaling system • late-age cognitive disorders • late-age cognitive disorders; • late-onset Alzheimer's disease |
ISBN-10 | 3-642-04300-3 / 3642043003 |
ISBN-13 | 978-3-642-04300-0 / 9783642043000 |
Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
Größe: 3,1 MB
DRM: Digitales Wasserzeichen
Dieses eBook enthält ein digitales Wasserzeichen und ist damit für Sie personalisiert. Bei einer missbräuchlichen Weitergabe des eBooks an Dritte ist eine Rückverfolgung an die Quelle möglich.
Dateiformat: PDF (Portable Document Format)
Mit einem festen Seitenlayout eignet sich die PDF besonders für Fachbücher mit Spalten, Tabellen und Abbildungen. Eine PDF kann auf fast allen Geräten angezeigt werden, ist aber für kleine Displays (Smartphone, eReader) nur eingeschränkt geeignet.
Systemvoraussetzungen:
PC/Mac: Mit einem PC oder Mac können Sie dieses eBook lesen. Sie benötigen dafür einen PDF-Viewer - z.B. den Adobe Reader oder Adobe Digital Editions.
eReader: Dieses eBook kann mit (fast) allen eBook-Readern gelesen werden. Mit dem amazon-Kindle ist es aber nicht kompatibel.
Smartphone/Tablet: Egal ob Apple oder Android, dieses eBook können Sie lesen. Sie benötigen dafür einen PDF-Viewer - z.B. die kostenlose Adobe Digital Editions-App.
Buying eBooks from abroad
For tax law reasons we can sell eBooks just within Germany and Switzerland. Regrettably we cannot fulfill eBook-orders from other countries.
aus dem Bereich