Neuroblastoma (eBook)

Nai-Kong V. Cheung, Susan L. Cohn (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2005 | 2005
XV, 300 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-26616-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Neuroblastoma is a medical enigma. As a childhood neoplasm arising from neural crest cells, it is characterized by diverse clinical behaviors ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid tumor progression and death. Although clinical outcome can be predicted to a large extent by the stage of disease and the age at diagnosis, an in-depth understanding of its clinico-pathological behavior, now greatly aided by sophisticated molecular genetic profiling, will improve diagnostic precision and refine risk-based therapies. Comprehensive international efforts have advanced our understanding of tumor biology and improved the clinical management of children with neuroblastoma. This book reviews our current understanding of the genes and biological pathways that contribute to neuroblastoma pathogenesis, modern risk-based treatment approaches for these patients, and recent advances in biologically based therapy. It provides a concise up-to-date reference for practitioners, students, and researchers.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 6
Contributors 12
Epidemiology 15
1.1 Descriptive Epidemiology 15
1.2 Risk Factors 16
1.3 Conclusions 18
References 19
Screening for Neuroblastoma 20
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 The Rationale for Neuroblastoma Screening 20
2.3 Early Pioneering Studies Investigating Neuroblastoma Screening in Japan 21
2.4 Initial North American and European Neuroblastoma Screening Trials 22
2.5 Follow-up Studies from Japan and Europe 24
2.6 Definitive Controlled Trials from Quebec and Germany 24
2.7 Biologic, Psychologic, Economic, and Clinical Aspects of Neuroblastoma Screening 30
2.8 Conclusions 31
References 31
Genetics 34
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 Associated Genetic Conditions 34
3.3 Constitutional Chromosomal Abnormalities 35
3.4 Hereditary Neuroblastoma 36
3.5 Genetic Studies of Familial Neuroblastoma 38
3.6 Conclusions 38
References 39
Molecular Cytogenetics 40
4.1 Introduction 40
4.2 Classical Cytogenetics 40
4.3 Oncogene Expression Profiling 41
4.4 “Neuroblastoma Suppressor Genes” and Loss of Heterozygosity 42
4.5 Comparative Genomic Hybridization 47
4.6 Tumor Cell Ploidy 47
4.7 Conclusion 48
References 48
Molecular and Developmental Biology of Neuroblastoma 54
5.1 Neural Crest Development and Neuroblastoma 54
5.2 Molecular Bases of Differentiation and Programmed Cell Death 58
5.3 Conclusions 63
References 64
Cellular Heterogeneity 67
6.1 Introduction 67
6.2 Neural Crest Differentiation 67
6.3 Neuroblastoma Cellular Heterogeneity 68
6.4 N-type Neuroblastic Cells 68
6.5 S-type Non-Neural Cells 69
6.6 I-type Stem Cells 70
6.7 Transdifferentiation 71
6.8 Conclusions 72
References 72
Clinical Presentation 74
7.1 Introduction 74
7.2 Diagnosis 75
7.3 Clinical Presentation 76
7.4 Differential Diagnosis 83
7.5 Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation 84
7.6 Conclusions 93
References 94
Pathology of Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors 97
8.1 Introduction 97
8.2 Historical Overview 98
8.3 Basic Morphology 98
8.4 Prognostic Classification 102
8.5 Biological Relevance 102
8.6 Conclusion 104
References 104
Molecular Pathology of Neuroblastic Tumors Based on Genome- wide Expression Analysis 106
9.1 Introduction 106
9.2 Clinical Issues 107
9.3 Technical Aspects of Gene Expression Analysis 107
9.4 Gene Expression Analysis of NB 109
9.5 Conclusion 115
References 115
Anatomic and Functional Imaging 117
10.1 Introduction 117
10.2 Imaging Modalities 117
10.3 Disease Evaluation 124
10.4 Prenatally Diagnosed Neuroblastoma 126
10.5 Stage-4S Neuroblastoma 126
10.6 Evaluation of Disease Response 128
10.7 Conclusion 128
References 128
Treatment of Neuroblastoma 131
11.1 Low-Risk Neuroblastoma 132
11.2 Intermediate-Risk Neuroblastoma 139
11.3 High-Risk Neuroblastoma 146
11.4 The Role of Surgery in the Treatment of Neuroblastoma 157
11.5 Radiation Therapy 172
11.6 Stem Cell Transplantation 181
11.7 Minimal Residual Disease Measurement 193
References 199
Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Neuroblastoma 201
12.1 Introduction 201
12.2 Treatment Strategies for Resistant Disease 203
12.3 Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agents 204
12.4 Tumor-Targeted Biologic Agents 209
12.5 Immunologic Therapy 211
12.6 131I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine 212
12.7 Conclusion 212
References 213
Management of Neurologic Complications 220
13.1 Introduction 220
13.2 Epidural Neuroblastoma 220
13.3 Metastatic Disease to the Central Nervous System 223
13.4 Opsoclonus–Myoclonus 224
13.5 Treatment-Related Neurologic Complications 227
13.6 Conclusions 227
References 228
Immunology and Immunotherapy 230
14.1 Introduction: The Case for Immunotherapy 230
14.2 The Immunobiology of Neuroblastoma 231
14.3 How Neuroblastoma Escapes the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems 232
14.4 Humoral Immunotherapy 233
14.5 Cellular Immunotherapy 239
14.6 Conclusions 242
References 242
Differentiation and Retinoids 250
15.1 Introduction 250
15.2 Neurotrophins in Neural Crest Development 252
15.3 Differentiation 254
15.4 13-cis-Retinoic Acid 256
15.5 Fenretinide 260
15.6 Conclusions 261
References 261
Angiogenesis 264
16.1 Introduction 264
16.2 Vascularity in Neuroblastoma 265
16.3 Expression of Proangiogenic Factors 265
16.4 Expression of Angiogenesis Inhibitors 267
16.5 Regulation of Angiogenesis by MYCN 268
16.6 Preclinical Testing of Antiangiogenic Agents 268
16.7 Conclusions 269
References 270
Experimental Therapeutics and Preclinical Models 273
17.1 Introduction 273
17.2 Heterotransplant Models 274
17.3 Transgenic Models 278
17.4 Syngeneic Models 279
17.5 Conclusion 279
References 280
Late Effects of Treatment 283
18.1 Introduction 283
18.2 Long-Term Complications for Low- and Intermediate- Risk Neuroblastoma Survivors 284
18.3 Long-Term Complications for Survivors of High- Risk Neuroblastoma 285
18.4 Health-Related Quality of Life 290
18.5 Conclusion 291
References 291
Perspectives and Future Directions 295
References 297
Subject Index 298

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 21.10.2005
• Reihe/Serie: Pediatric Oncology
• Reihe/Serie: Pediatric Oncology
• Zusatzinfo: XV, 300 p. 51 illus., 21 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Chirurgie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Neurologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Pädiatrie
• Schlagworte: angiogenesis • Clinical Trials • Genetics • Imaging • neuroblastoma • Risk groups • therapeutics
• ISBN-10: 3-540-26616-X / 354026616X
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-26616-7 / 9783540266167