Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics (eBook)

Peter W. Hawkes (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2011 | 1. Auflage
336 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-046277-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials-Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.

Inhalt

front cover 1
Title page 4
copyright 5
table of contents 6
front matter 8
Contributors 8
Preface 10
Future Contributions 12
body 18
Recursive Neural Networks and Their Applications to Image Processing 18
Introduction 18
From Flat to Structural Pattern Recognition 18
Recursive Neural Networks: Properties and Applications 24
Recursive Neural Networks 26
Graphs 26
Processing DAGs with Recursive Neural Networks 28
Processing DPAGs 31
Processing DAGs-LE 34
Backpropagation Through Structure 35
Processing Cyclic Graphs 39
Recursive-Equivalent Transforms 42
From Cyclic Graphs to Recursive Equivalent Trees 45
Limitations of the Recursive Neural Network Model 47
Theoretical Conditions for Collision Avoidance 48
Graph-Based Representation of Images 50
Introduction 50
Segmentation of Images 50
Region Adjacency Graphs 53
Multiresolution Trees 55
Object Detection in Images 56
Object Detection Methods 56
Recursive Neural Networks for Detecting Objects in Images 59
Learning Environment Setup 59
Region Adjacency Graphs. 59
Multiresolution Trees. 63
Detecting Objects 64
TV Video Sequences. 66
Images Acquired by an Indoor Camera. 67
Artificial Dataset Generated from COIL-100. 69
References 71
Deterministic Learning and an Application in Optimal Control 78
Introduction 79
Notation 81
A Mathematical Framework for the Learning Problem 82
Statistical Learning 86
Deterministic Learning 91
The Distribution-Free Case 92
Ensuring a Bounded Variation 97
Feedforward Neural Networks 100
Radial Basis Functions 101
Bounds on the Convergence Rate of the ERM Approach 102
The Distribution-Dependent Case 104
The Noisy Case 105
Deterministic Learning for Optimal Control Problems 107
Approximate Dynamic Programming Algorithms 111
T-SO Problems 111
8-SO Problems 113
Approximate Value Iteration 113
Approximate Policy Iteration 114
Performance Issues 115
Deterministic Learning for Dynamic Programming Algorithms 116
The T-SO Case 116
The 8-SO Case 119
Experimental Results 121
Approximation of Unknown Functions 121
Multistage Optimization Tests 124
The Inventory Forecasting Model 125
The Water Reservoir Network Model 126
References 131
X-Ray Fluorescence Holography 136
Introduction 137
Theory 139
Theory Using Simple Models 139
Simulation Using Realistic Models 141
Kossel and X-Ray Standing Wave Lines 145
Removal of Twin Images 146
Multiple Energy Method 147
Two Energy Method 147
Complex Holography 150
Polarization Effect of Incident X-Ray 151
Near Field Effect 153
Experiment and Data Processing 155
Experimental Geometries for Normal and Inverse Modes 155
Laboratory XFH Apparatus 157
Fast X-Ray Fluorescence Detection System at SR 160
Details of Data Processing for Obtaining Atomic Images 162
Sample Cooling Effect 166
Inverse Fourier Analysis 167
Theoretical Proof 167
Demonstration by Experimental Holograms 173
Applications 176
Ultrathin Film 176
Dopants 179
GaAs:Zn 179
Si:Ge 182
Quasicrystal 185
Complex X-Ray Holography 187
Related Methods 191
pXAFS 191
.-Ray Holography 193
Neutron Holography 195
Summary and Outlook 197
References 198
A Taxonomy of Color Image Filtering and Enhancement Solutions 204
Introduction 205
Color Imaging Basics 207
Image Noise 210
Natural Image Noise 210
Noise Modeling 211
Sensor Noise 212
Transmission Noise 214
Color Image Filtering 216
Noise-Reduction Techniques 219
Order-Statistic Theory for Color Vectors 219
Component-Wise Median Filters 222
Vector Median Filters 224
Vector Directional Filters 229
Selection Weighted Vector Filters 232
Data-Adaptive Vector Filters 235
Adaptive Multichannel Filters Based on Digital Paths 237
Switching Filtering Schemes 240
Similarity Based Vector Filters 243
Adaptive Hybrid Vector Filters 245
Performance Evaluation of the Noise Reduction Filters 248
Objective Evaluation 248
Subjective Evaluation 250
Inpainting Techniques 251
Image Sharpening Techniques 252
Image Zooming Techniques 256
Applications 258
Virtual Restoration of Artworks 258
Television Image Enhancement 260
Edge Detection 261
Scalar Operators 262
Gradient Operators 265
Zero-Crossing-Based Operators 266
Vector Operators 267
Evaluation Criteria 270
Objective Evaluation Approach 271
Subjective Evaluation Approach 272
Conclusion 274
References 274
General Sweep Mathematical Morphology 282
Introduction 282
Theoretical Development of General Sweep Mathematical Morphology 285
Computation of Traditional Morphology 285
General Sweep Mathematical Morphology 287
Properties of Sweep Morphological Operations 290
Blending of Swept Surfaces with Deformations 292
Image Enhancement 295
Edge Linking 297
Edge Linking Using Sweep Morphology 298
Shortest Path Planning for Mobile Robot 303
Geometric Modeling and Sweep Mathematical Morphology 305
Tolerance Expression 306
Sweep Surface Modeling 308
Formal Language and Sweep Morphology 308
Representation Scheme 309
Two-Dimensional Attributes 309
Three-Dimensional Attributes 310
Grammars 314
Two-Dimensional Attributes 315
Three-Dimensional Attributes 315
Parsing Algorithm 317
Conclusions 320
References 320
Further Reading 323
Index 324

Textauszug

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Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 29.7.2011
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Elektrodynamik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• ISBN-10: 0-08-046277-4 / 0080462774
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-046277-6 / 9780080462776