Women's Lives
Routledge (Verlag)
978-0-205-43920-1 (ISBN)
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Women’s Lives: A Topical Approach draws on a wealth of the literature to present a rich range of experiences and issues of relevance to girls and women.
Because it does not presuppose any background in psychology, this book can be used as the sole or primary text in introductory-level psychology of women courses. The presentation of both current and classical research and theory makes this text a suitable choice, along with supplementary materials, for more advanced courses in psychology of gender or interdisciplinary women's studies courses as well..
1. Introduction to the Psychology of Women: History and Research.
Definitions: Sex and Gender.
Women and Men: Similar or Different?
Similarities Approach.
Differences Approach.
Feminism.
History of Women in Psychology.
Women and the American Psychological Association.
Women’s Contributions.
History of the Psychology of Women.
The Early Years.
The Recent Years.
Studying the Psychology of Women.
Bias in Psychological Research.
Feminist Research Methods.
Drawing Conclusions from Multiple Studies.
Themes in the Text.
Theme 1: Diversity of Women’s Experiences.
Theme 2: Gender Differences in Power.
Theme 3: Social Construction of Gender.
2. Cultural Representation of Gender.
Stereotypes of Females and Males.
The Content of Gender Stereotypes.
The Perceiver’s Ethnicity and Gender Stereotypes.
The Target’s Characteristics and Gender Stereotypes.
Stereotypes of Girls and Boys.
Bases for Gender Stereotypes.
Stereotypes Based on Identity Labels.
Sexism.
Ambivalent Sexism.
Changes in Sexist Attitudes over Time.
Modern Sexism.
Experiences with Sexism.
Representation of Gender in the Media.
Pattern 1: Underrepresentation of Females.
Pattern 2: Underrepresentation of Specific Groups of Females.
Pattern 3: Portrayal of Gender-Based Social Roles.
Pattern 4: Depiction of Female Communion and Male Agency.
Pattern 5: Emphasis on Female Attractiveness and Sexuality.
Significance of Gender-Role Media Images.
Representation of Gender in the English Language.
Language Practices Based on the Assumption That Male Is Normative.
Negative Terms for Females.
Significance of the Differential Treatment of Females and Males in Language.
3. Gender Self-Concept: Developmental Processes and Individual Differences.
Gender Self-Concept.
Prenatal Development.
Stages of Prenatal Sex Differentiation.
Intersexuality.
Theories of Gender Typing.
Psychoanalytic Theory.
Social Learning Theory.
Cognitive Development Theory.
Gender Schema Theory.
Gender-Related Traits.
Changes in Gender-Related Traits over Time.
Gender-Related Traits and Psychological Adjustment.
Evaluation of the Concept of Androgyny.
Gender Attitudes.
Individual Differences in Gender-Related Attitudes.
Perceived Value of Female versus Male Gender-Related Attributes.
4. Infancy, Childhood, And Adolescence.
Children’s Knowledge and Beliefs about Gender.
Distinguishing between Females and Males.
Gender Identity and Self-Perceptions.
Gender Stereotypes.
Gender-Related Activities and Interests.
Physical Performance and Sports.
Toys and Play.
Gender Segregation.
Influences on Gender Development.
Parents.
Siblings.
School.
Peers.
Media.
Puberty.
Events of Puberty.
Menarche.
Gender Differences in Puberty.
Early and Late Maturation in Girls.
Psychosocial Development in Adolescence.
Identity.
Self-Esteem.
Gender Intensification.
Body Image.
5. Gender Comparisons: Social Behavior, Personality, Communication, and Cognition.
Gender-Related Social Behaviors and Personality Traits.
Aggression.
Prosocial Behavior.
Influenceability.
Emotionality.
Moral Reasoning.
Communication Style.
Verbal Communication.
Nonverbal Communication.
Gender Comparison of Cognitive Abilities.
Verbal Ability.
Visual-Spatial Ability.
Mathematics Ability.
6. Sexuality.
Sexuality.
Sexual Anatomy and Sexual Response.
Sexual Attitudes.
Sexual Behaviors.
Sexual Problems.
Lesbians and Bisexual Women.
Bisexual Women.
Attitudes Towards Lesbians.
Explanations of Sexual Orientation.
Sexual Activity During Adolescence.
Frequency of Sexual Activity.
Factors Associated with Sexual Activity.
The Double Standard.
Sexual Desire.
Sexual Activity in Midlife.
Physical Changes.
Patterns of Sexual Activity.
Sexual Activity in Later Life.
Benefits of Sexual Activity in Later Life.
Sexual Behavior of the Elderly.
Factors Affecting Sexual Behavior.
Enhancing Sexuality in Later Life.
7. Reproductive System and Childbearing.
Menstruation.
The Menstrual Cycle.
Menstrual Pain.
Attitudes toward Menstruation.
Menstrual Joy.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS).
Contraception.
Contraception in Adolescence.
Methods of Contraception.
Abortion.
Incidence.
Methods.
Consequences of Abortion.
Pregnancy.
Pregnancy.
Miscarriage.
Teenage Pregnancy.
Childbirth.
Stages of Childbirth.
Methods of Childbirth.
Childbearing after 40.
Childbearing in the Later Years.
Postpartum Distress.
Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology.
Reproductive Functioning in Midlife and Beyond.
Menopause.
Hormone Replacement Therapy.
8. Relationships.
Friendships.
Friendship in Adolescence.
Friendship in Adulthood.
Friendship in Later Life.
Romantic Relationships.
Importance of Physical Attractiveness.
Perception of Sexual Interest.
Dating.
Gender-Related Behaviors and Roles in Dating Relationships.
Recent Trends in Dating.
Committed Relationships.
Marriage.
Cohabitation.
Lesbian Relationships.
Unattached Lifestyles.
Divorce.
Single Women.
Widowhood.
Loss of a Same-Sex Partner.
Motherhood.
Stereotypes of Mothers.
Single Mothers.
Lesbian Mothers.
Mothers with Disabilities.
The Postparental Period.
Relationships in the Later Years.
Siblings.
Adult Children.
Grandchildren.
Parents.
9. Education and Achievement.
Women’s Educational Values, Attainment, and Campus Experience.
Educational Values.
Educational Attainment.
Campus Climate.
Women’s Work-Related Goals.
Career Aspirations.
Career Counseling.
Work-Family Expectations.
Work-Family Outcomes.
Salary Expectations.
Influences on Women’s Achievement Level and Career Decisions.
Orientation to Achievement.
Personality Characteristics.
Sexual Orientation.
Social and Cultural Factors.
Job-Related Characteristics.
Entering the Workplace.
10. Employment.
Women’s Decision to Work, Employment Rates, and Occupational Choices.
Decision to Work.
Employment Rates.
Occupational Choices.
Gender Differences in Leadership and Job Advancement.
Leadership Positions.
Barriers That Hinder Women’s Advancement.
Women as Leaders.
Gender Differences in Salaries.
Comparative Salaries.
Reasons for Differences in Salaries.
Women’s Job Satisfaction.
Gender Differences in Satisfaction.
Factor Influencing Lesbians’ Job Satisfaction.
The Older Woman Worker.
Employment Rates.
Why Do Older Women Work?
Entering the Workforce in Later Life.
Age Discrimination in the Workplace.
Changing the Workplace.
Organizational Procedures and Policies.
Strategies for Women.
Retirement.
The Retirement Decision.
Adjustment to Retirement.
Leisure Activities in Retirement.
Economic Issues in Later Life.
Poverty.
Retirement Income: Planning Ahead.
11. Balancing Family and Work.
Attitudes toward Women’s Family and Employment Roles.
Role of Ethnicity.
Role of Motherhood.
Personal Aspirations.
Division of Household Labor.
Importance of Work and Family Roles for Women and Men.
Women’s Housework and Child Care.
Caring for Aging Parents.
Leisure Time.
Women’s Perceptions of the Division of Family Labor.
Explanations of the Division of Family Labor.
Family-Work Coordination.
Women’s Experiences with Parental Leave.
Women’s Experiences Balancing Family and Work.
Effects of Mothers’ Employment on Children.
Effects of Wives’ Employment on the Marital Relationship.
Solutions to Family-Work Balancing Difficulties.
Midlife Transitions in Family and Work Roles.
Satisfaction with Life Roles.
Regrets about Life Direction.
Making Changes.
Midlife Transitions: A Cautionary Note.
12. Physical Health.
Health Services.
The Physician-Patient Relationship.
Type and Quality of Care.
Women of Color and Health Care.
Lesbian Health and Health Care.
Health Insurance.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs).
Overview of STIs.
AIDS.
Reproductive System Disorders.
Benign Conditions.
Cancers.
Hysterectomy.
Osteoporosis.
Risk Factors.
Prevention and Treatment.
Heart Disease.
Gender Differences.
Risk Factors.
Diagnosis and Treatment.
Psychological Impact.
Breast Cancer.
Risk Factors.
Detection.
Treatment.
Psychological Impact.
Physical Health in Later Life.
Gender Differences in Mortality.
Social Class and Ethnic Differences.
Gender Differences in Illness.
Disability.
Promoting Good Health.
Physical Activity and Exercise.
Nutrition.
13. Mental Health.
Factors Promoting Mental Health.
Social Support.
Optimism: “The Power of Positive Thinking”.
Mental Health in Childhood and Adolescence.
Internalizing Disorders in Girls.
Externalizing Disorders in Girls.
Eating Disorders.
Types of Eating Disorders.
Causes of Eating Disorders.
Treatment of Eating Disorders.
Substance Use and Abuse.
Alcohol.
Illegal Substances.
Anxiety Disorders and Depression.
Anxiety Disorders.
Depression.
Suicide.
Mental Health of Lesbians.
Stresses.
Problems and Coping Mechanisms.
Mental Health of Older Women.
Gender Differences.
The Vital Older Woman.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Psychological Orders.
Gender Bias in Diagnosis.
Gender Bias in Psychotherapy.
Therapy Issues for Women of Color and Poor Women.
Types of Therapy.
14. Violence against Girls and Women.
Sexual Harassment at School.
Elementary and Secondary School.
The College Campus.
Sexual Harassment in the Workplace.
Incidence.
Consequences.
Explanations.
Women’s Responses.
Violence Against Girls.
Child Sexual Abuse.
Treatment.
Prevention.
Infanticide and Neglect.
Dating Violence.
Incidence of Dating Violence.
Who Engages in Dating Violence?
Rape.
Incidence.
Acquaintance Rape.
Factors Associated with Acquaintance Rape.
Effects of Rape.
Rape Prevention.
Theories of Rape.
Intimate Partner Violence.
Incidence.
Role of Disability, Social Class, and Ethnicity.
Risk Factors.
Effects of Intimate Partner Violence.
Leaving the Abusive Relationship.
Theories of Intimate Partner Violence.
Interventions.
Elder Abuse.
Types of Abuse.
Who is Abused and Who Abuses?
What Can Be Done?
15. A Feminist Future: Goals, Actions, And Attitudes.
Feminist Goals.
Goal One: Gender Equality in Organizational Power.
Goal Two: Gender Equality in Relationship Power.
Goal Three: Gender Equality in Power for All Groups of Women.
Goal Four: Gender Flexibility in the Social Construction of Gender.
Actions to Achieve These Goals.
Research and Teaching.
Socialization of Children.
Institutional Procedures.
Individual Actions.
Collective Action.
Feminist Beliefs.
Feminist Identification.
Emergence of Feminist Beliefs.
Men and Feminism.
Postscript.
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 12.12.2005 |
|---|---|
| Verlagsort | New York |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 236 x 180 mm |
| Gewicht | 939 g |
| Themenwelt | Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Sozialpsychologie |
| ISBN-10 | 0-205-43920-9 / 0205439209 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-205-43920-1 / 9780205439201 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
| Informationen gemäß Produktsicherheitsverordnung (GPSR) | |
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