Advanced Engine Diagnostics (eBook)

Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Jai Gopal Gupta, Nikhil Sharma, Akhilendra Pratap Singh (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2018 | 1st ed. 2019
XIV, 253 Seiten
Springer Singapore (Verlag)
978-981-13-3275-3 (ISBN)

Infos

This book describes the discusses advanced fuels and combustion, emission control techniques, after-treatment systems, simulations and fault diagnostics, including discussions on different  engine diagnostic techniques such as particle image velocimetry (PIV), phase Doppler interferometry (PDI), laser ignition. This volume bridges the gap between basic concepts and advanced research in internal combustion engine diagnostics, making it a useful reference for both students and researchers whose work focuses on achieving higher fuel efficiency and lowering emissions. 

Avinash K Agarwal is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. His areas of interest are IC engines, combustion, alternative fuels, conventional fuels, optical diagnostics, laser ignition, HCCI, emission and particulate control, and large bore engines. He has published 24 books and 230+ international journal and conference papers. Prof. Agarwal is a Fellow of SAE (2012), ASME (2013), ISEES (2015) and INAE (2015). He received several awards such as Prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award-2016 in Engineering Sciences, Rajib Goyal prize-2015, NASI-Reliance Industries Platinum Jubilee Award-2012; INAE Silver Jubilee Young Engineer Award-2012; SAE International's Ralph R. Teetor Educational Award-2008; INSA Young Scientist Award-2007; UICT Young Scientist Award-2007; INAE Young Engineer Award-2005.

Jai Gopal Gupta is a faculty member in the Government Women Engineering College, Ajmer, India. He has done his PhD from the Department of Mechanical Engineering in IIT Kanpur and his research interests include performance, emission and combustion analysis in internal combustion engines, alternative fuels, and renewable energy resources. He has worked with the Combustion Engine and Energy Conversion (CEnEC) laboratory, Hanyang University, South Korea under the Indo-Korean Research Internship (KRI) Program. He has edited a book and authored 2 book chapters and 13 research articles.

Nikhil Sharma is a scientist in the Engine Research Laboratory in IIT Kanpur, India. He received his M.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering from NIT Hamirpur, India in 2012. and his Ph.D. from IIT Kanpur, in 2017. He was an assistant professor at Amity University's Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Noida as an. His areas of research include alternative fuels for IC engines (biodiesel, alcohols), emission control and particulate characterisation.

Dr. Akhilendra Pratap Singh is a CSIR Pool Scientist at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. He received his Masters and PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India in 2010 and 2016 respectively. His areas of research include advanced low temperature combustion; optical diagnostics with special reference to engine endoscopy and PIV; combustion diagnostics; engine emissions measurement; particulate characterization and their control; and alternative fuels. Dr. Singh has edited 5 books and authored 17 book chapters, 34 research articles in journals and conferences. He is a member of numerous professional societies, including SAE, ASME, and ISEES. He is a member of the editorial board of the 'Journal of Energy, Environment and Sustainability'.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 9
Editors and Contributors 11
General 15
1 Introduction to Advanced Engine Diagnostics 16
Abstract 16
References 19
Advanced Fuels and Combustion Techniques 20
2 Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion Using Alcohols 21
Abstract 21
2.1 Introduction 22
2.2 Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) 23
2.3 RCCI Combustion Using Alcohols 29
2.4 Parameters Affecting RCCI Combustion 33
2.4.1 Effect of Fuel Injection Strategy 33
2.4.2 Effect of Intake Air Temperature and Pressure 34
2.4.3 Effect of Fuel Reactivity 35
2.5 Conclusions and Recommendations 37
References 38
3 Effect of Hydrogen and Producer Gas Addition on the Performance and Emissions on a Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine 41
Abstract 41
3.1 Introduction 42
3.1.1 Background 42
3.1.2 Engine Technologies 43
3.1.2.1 Dual-Fuel Engine Concept 43
3.1.2.2 Biomass Gasification 43
3.1.2.3 Modification in IC Engines 44
3.1.3 Fuel Options 44
3.1.3.1 Hydrogen and Producer Gas as an Alternative Fuel 45
3.1.4 Literature Reviews 45
3.2 Experimental Investigation on Dual-Fuel Engine 49
3.2.1 Basic Experimental Configuration 49
3.2.2 Test Rig Description 49
3.2.2.1 Biogasifier 49
3.2.2.2 Diesel Engine 49
3.2.2.3 The Generator 50
3.2.2.4 Control Panel 52
3.2.3 Engine Modifications 52
3.2.3.1 Engine Fuel Supply System Modification 52
3.2.3.2 Engine Cooling System Modification 53
3.2.3.3 Exhaust System Modification 54
3.2.4 Developments of Measuring Units 54
3.2.4.1 Air Measurement System 54
3.2.4.2 Fuel Measurement System 54
3.2.4.3 Engine Speed Measurements 55
3.2.4.4 Pressure Measurement System 55
3.2.4.5 Emission Measurements 55
3.2.4.6 High-Speed Data Acquisition System 55
3.3 Experimentation on Dual-Fuel Engine with Hydrogen and Producer Gas 56
3.3.1 Experimental Procedure 56
3.3.2 Gaseous Fuel Substitution 57
3.3.3 Performance Parameters 57
3.4 Results and Discussion 58
3.4.1 Experimental Results with Producer Gas and Hydrogen Blend as Secondary Fuel 58
3.4.2 Performances 58
3.4.2.1 Brake Thermal Efficiency 58
3.4.2.2 Brake-Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC) 58
3.4.2.3 Gaseous Fuel Substitution Rate 59
3.4.2.4 Volumetric Efficiency 60
3.4.3 Exhaust Emissions 61
3.4.3.1 CO Emissions 61
3.4.3.2 CO2 Emissions 62
3.4.3.3 HC Emissions 63
3.4.3.4 NOx Emissions 65
3.5 Conclusions 66
References 67
4 Characteristics of Particulates Emitted by IC Engines Using Advanced Combustion Strategies 69
Abstract 69
4.1 Introduction 70
4.2 Particulate Composition and Formation 71
4.3 Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) Strategies for Particulate Reduction 73
4.3.1 HCCI Combustion 74
4.3.2 PCCI Combustion 76
4.3.3 RCCI Combustion 79
4.4 Conclusions 81
References 82
Emission Control Techniques and After-Treatment Systems 84
5 Modelling and Experimental Studies of NOx and Soot Emissions in Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engines 85
Abstract 85
5.1 Introduction 86
5.2 Overview and Features of CRDI 88
5.2.1 State-of-the-Art 89
5.2.1.1 Double Pulse Injection 90
5.2.1.2 Multiple Pulse Injection 90
5.2.2 Strategies to Improve the NOx-Soot Tradeoff 91
5.2.2.1 Effect of Start of Injection and Pilot Fuel Quantity 91
5.2.2.2 Effect of Dwell Between Pilot and Main Pulse 92
5.2.2.3 Effect of Post Injection Timing and Post Fuel Quantity 92
5.2.2.4 Effect of Dwell Between Main and Post Pulse 93
5.2.2.5 Effect of EGR 93
5.3 Modeling of Diesel Engines 93
5.3.1 Diesel Engine Modeling 94
5.3.2 Development and Features of Phenomenological Modeling 94
5.3.3 Detailed Modeling of Essential Physics of Diesel Engine Processes 95
5.3.3.1 Zoning 95
5.3.3.2 Air Entrainment and Spray Penetration 95
5.3.3.3 Fuel Atomization and Evaporation 96
5.3.3.4 Ignition and Combustion 96
5.3.3.5 Thermodynamic Analysis 97
5.3.4 Emission (NOx and Soot) Modeling 97
5.4 Model Validation and Parametric Studies 98
5.4.1 Literature Review 98
5.4.2 Parametric Investigation 99
5.4.3 Summary 99
5.5 Impact of Biofuels 101
5.5.1 Effect of Fuel Response 102
5.5.2 Effect of Engine Response 104
5.5.3 Coupled Effects and Control Methods 106
5.5.4 Summary 107
5.6 Conclusions and Future Scope 108
References 109
6 On-Board Post-Combustion Emission Control Strategies for Diesel Engine in India to Meet Bharat Stage VI Norms 114
Abstract 114
6.1 Introduction 114
6.1.1 Worldwide Scenario of Emission Norms 115
6.1.1.1 European Standards History 115
6.1.2 Implementation of Emission Norms in India 118
6.2 Role of On-Board Diagnostic Device 119
6.3 Technology Upgradation in Conforming to BS IV to BS VI 121
6.3.1 Importance of the Fuel Quality 121
6.3.2 Advanced Engine Combustion Strategies 123
6.3.2.1 Low-Temperature Combustion Strategy 123
6.3.2.2 Clean Diesel Combustion Strategy 124
6.3.3 Exhaust After-Treatment Strategies 124
6.3.3.1 Oxidation Catalysts 124
6.3.3.2 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) 126
6.3.3.3 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 128
6.3.3.4 Combined PM and NOx Control Technologies 130
6.4 Concerns and Conflicts 130
6.5 Conclusions 132
References 132
7 Non-Noble Metal-Based Catalysts for the Application of Soot Oxidation 135
Abstract 135
7.1 Introduction 135
7.1.1 Transition and Alkali Metal-Based Catalysts 136
7.1.2 Perovskite-Based Catalysts 142
7.1.3 Summary 148
References 148
8 Ceria-based Mixed Oxide Nanoparticles for Diesel Engine Emission Control 151
Abstract 151
8.1 Introduction 152
8.2 Cerium Oxide—An Excellent Catalyst 153
8.3 Synthesis of Ceria-Based Mixed Oxide Nanoparticles 156
8.3.1 Precipitation Method 156
8.3.2 Co-precipitation Method 156
8.3.3 Flame Spray Pyrolysis 157
8.4 Characterization of Catalytic Nanoparticles 159
8.4.1 Textural and Structural Properties 159
8.4.2 Thermal and Catalytic Properties 162
8.5 Synthesis of Nanofluid 164
8.5.1 Stability Study 164
8.6 Engine Performance and Emission Study 165
8.7 Conclusion 169
References 169
Simulations and Fault Diagnostics 172
9 Model-Based Fault Detection on Modern Automotive Engines 173
Abstract 173
9.1 Introduction 174
9.2 Open-Loop Modeling of Diagnostic System 176
9.2.1 Nominal System Behavior of LTI Systems 176
9.2.2 Modeling of Faulty System 177
9.3 Closed-Loop Modeling of Diagnostic System 179
9.4 Fault Classification 181
9.4.1 Fault Classification Based on Time Dependency 181
9.4.2 Fault Classification Based on System Interaction 182
9.4.3 Fault Classification Based on Component Failure 183
9.5 Desired Features of Fault Diagnosis System 185
9.6 Techniques for Residual Generation 186
9.6.1 State Observer-Based Approach 187
9.6.2 Output Observer-Based Approach 189
9.6.3 Unknown Input Observer-Based Approach 193
9.7 Residual Evaluation and Threshold Computation 195
9.8 Fault Detection in Airpath of Diesel Engines 198
9.9 Fault Diagnostic with Virtual Test Environment 207
9.9.1 Diagnostic with Virtual Test Environment 207
9.10 Conclusion 208
References 209
10 Study of Instability Nature of Circular Liquid Jet at Critical Chamber Conditions 211
Abstract 211
10.1 Introduction 212
10.1.1 Regimes of Liquid Jet Breakup 212
10.1.2 Thermodynamic Supercritical State 213
10.1.3 Earlier Studies on Liquid Jets at Supercritical Conditions 214
10.2 Experimental Facility 216
10.2.1 Experimental Setup 216
10.2.2 Experimental Conditions 217
10.3 Results and Discussion 218
10.3.1 Single Component System 218
10.3.2 Binary Component System 220
10.4 Conclusions 222
Acknowledgements 222
References 222
11 Transient Reacting Flow Simulations of Chemical-Looping Combustion Reactors 224
Abstract 224
11.1 Introduction 224
11.2 Eulerian–Eulerian Simulation of a Packed Bed with Ilmenite 226
11.2.1 Modeling Approach and Numerical Solution Procedure 226
11.2.1.1 Conservation Equations 226
11.2.1.2 Computational Model 227
11.2.2 Simulation Results 228
11.3 Eulerian–Lagrangian Simulation of a Bubbling Bed with Hematite 231
11.3.1 Modeling Approach and Numerical Solution Procedure 231
11.3.1.1 Conservation Equations 232
11.3.1.2 Parcel Concept 234
11.3.1.3 Model Parameters 234
11.3.2 Simulation Results 236
11.4 Conclusion 239
References 240
12 Tribological Studies of an Internal Combustion Engine 241
Abstract 241
12.1 Introduction 241
12.1.1 Tribological Issues in IC Engines 242
12.1.2 Piston Rings and Surface Treatment 243
12.1.3 Wear and Friction Involving Piston Rings 244
12.1.4 Lubrication 245
12.1.5 Tribological Coatings 246
12.2 Wear and Friction Studies 248
12.2.1 Materials 248
12.2.2 Sample Preparation 248
12.2.3 Experimental Procedure 249
12.3 Conclusions 255
Acknowledgements 256
References 256

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 7.11.2018
• Reihe/Serie: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability
• Reihe/Serie: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability
• Zusatzinfo: XIV, 253 p. 121 illus., 79 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Singapore
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Fahrzeugbau / Schiffbau
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management
• Schlagworte: Automated enginge Diagnostics • Engine fault diagnosis • engine performance • Internal Combustion Engine • internal combustion engine diagnostics • NOx emission measurement • Optical diagnostic techniques • Particulate reduction • Quality Control, Reliability, Safety and Risk • Vibration simulation of engines • Wear and lubrication of engines
• ISBN-10: 981-13-3275-4 / 9811332754
• ISBN-13: 978-981-13-3275-3 / 9789811332753