Building an Inclusive Mexico Policies and Good Governance for Gender Equality (eBook)

Oecd (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2017 | 1. Auflage
264 Seiten
OECD Publishing (Verlag)
978-92-64-26549-3 (ISBN)

Infos

Mexico is slowly advancing on the path to gender equality. Many public policies aimed at empowering women are now in place: over the past two decades, Mexico has increased investments in girls' education, greatly expanded childcare and preschool, improved gender mainstreaming in government, and ensured that female politicians are well-represented at the ballot box. Yet, despite these efforts, many Mexican women still do not feel the effects of these policies at home, at work, or in public spaces. Large gender gaps remain in educational outcomes, participation in the labour market, pay, informality status, and hours of unpaid childcare and housework. “Unlocking Mexico’s full potential,” as Mexico's National Development Plan prescribes, will depend crucially on how well Mexico closes existing gender gaps in political, social and economic life and promotes real social change. Mexico must continue to invest in social and labour market policies that empower women, and reinvigorate efforts to reduce inequalities in education, labour force participation, job quality, unpaid work, and leadership. This will require embedding gender equality objectives in all public policies and budgets, across all levels of government, and ensuring the effective implementation, enforcement, and evaluation of policies and laws to achieve inclusive outcomes.

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Mexico is slowly advancing on the path to gender equality. Many public policies aimed at empowering women are now in place: over the past two decades, Mexico has increased investments in girls' education, greatly expanded childcare and preschool, improved gender mainstreaming in government, and ensured that female politicians are well-represented at the ballot box. Yet, despite these efforts, many Mexican women still do not feel the effects of these policies at home, at work, or in public spaces. Large gender gaps remain in educational outcomes, participation in the labour market, pay, informality status, and hours of unpaid childcare and housework. "e;Unlocking Mexico's full potential,"e; as Mexico's National Development Plan prescribes, will depend crucially on how well Mexico closes existing gender gaps in political, social and economic life and promotes real social change. Mexico must continue to invest in social and labour market policies that empower women, and reinvigorate efforts to reduce inequalities in education, labour force participation, job quality, unpaid work, and leadership. This will require embedding gender equality objectives in all public policies and budgets, across all levels of government, and ensuring the effective implementation, enforcement, and evaluation of policies and laws to achieve inclusive outcomes.

Inhalt

Foreword 5
Acknowledgements 7
Preface 9
Table of contents 13
Acronyms and abbreviations 17
Executive summary 21
Chapter 1. Gender, growth and government: Reaching Mexico’s potential 25
1.1. Introduction 26
1.2. Gender equality for inclusive growth and better lives 29
1.3. The status of women in Mexico 33
1.4. A closer look at NEETs and mothers in Mexico 34
1.5. Time poverty, informality, and women’s jobs in Mexico 36
1.6. Women’s access to decision-making roles: A glass half-full 39
1.7. Embedding a gender lens in all policies 43
1.8. Closing the implementation gap in gender equality policies 45
Notes 51
References 52
Chapter 2. The status of women in Mexico 55
2.1. Introduction 56
2.2. Family structures are changing 57
2.3. Girls are doing well in school relative to boys, but the educational system faces challenges 59
2.4. Mexican women have not yet reached their potential in the labour market 64
2.5. Gender gaps in job quality in Mexico 67
2.6. Among entrepreneurs, gender gaps appear when it is time to hire workers or go formal 69
2.7. Poverty rates are high for women and men 70
2.8. Younger Mexicans hold more progressive views of women’s education and work 72
2.9. Women in political life 75
2.10. Women’s lived experiences in Mexico 75
2.11. Violence against women is pervasive 76
Notes 81
References 82
Database references 84
Annex 2.A1. Estimating the effects of changes in female labour force participation rates on the size of the labour force and GDP per capita in Mexico 85
Annex 2.A2. Determinants of employment in Mexico 88
Chapter 3. Facing high barriers to paid work: Young women and mothers in Mexico 89
3.1. Introduction 90
3.2. Young women are nearly four times more likely to be NEETs than young men 92
3.3. Teen pregnancy rates in Mexico are high, signalling future poverty risks 94
3.4. Family planning in Mexico 95
3.5. Education and employment policies can improve girls’ and young women’s prospects 97
3.6. Motherhood presents challenges for working women 100
3.7. Mexico has taken important steps to help parents reconcile work and family, but can do more 102
3.8. Mothers’ economic empowerment is crucial for reducing poverty in families 118
3.9. Prospera’s role in combating poverty in families 119
3.10. Improving the effectiveness of social policies aimed at gender equality 120
Notes 124
References 126
Database references 132
Annex 3.A1. Distribution of mothers and fathers by age 133
Chapter 4. Time poverty, informal work and women’s jobs in Mexico 135
4.1. Introduction 136
4.2. Reliance on informal jobs causes insecurity for women (and men) in Mexico 137
4.3. Longer hours make for lower job quality 142
4.4. The demand for long hours reinforces existing gender roles 149
4.5. Mexican women spend long hours on valuable unpaid labour 152
4.6. Rural Mexican women do even more unpaid work 157
4.7. Tackling time poverty to promote gender equality in paid and unpaid work 158
Notes 163
References 164
Database references 168
Annex 4.A1. Distribution of mothers’ and fathers’ working hours 169
Chapter 5. Bringing women to the decision-making table 171
5.1. Introduction 172
5.2. Towards equal access to politics 175
5.3. Fostering gender balance across the Federal Public Administration (FPA) 189
Notes 197
References 198
Databases references 201
Chapter 6. Tools to promote gender equality and inclusive policies 203
6.1. Introduction 204
6.2. Reducing gender gaps and ensuring benefits for all: A dual approach 207
6.3. Getting results 211
6.4. Gender mainstreaming in action 219
Notes 234
References 235
Chapter 7. Gender equality across the board: Smart implementation for the long haul 239
7.1. Introduction 240
7.2. Institutional framework for gender equality in Mexico 243
7.3. Co-ordinating a whole-of-government approach 255
7.4. Robust monitoring and accountability mechanisms: Linchpins of good governance 257
Notes 261
References 263

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 10.1.2017
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Pädagogik ► Sozialpädagogik
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung ► Staat / Verwaltung
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Volkswirtschaftslehre
• ISBN-10: 92-64-26549-X / 926426549X
• ISBN-13: 978-92-64-26549-3 / 9789264265493