Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications

Noriko O. Tsuya, Minja Kim Choe, Feng Wang (Autoren)

Buch | Softcover

66 Seiten

2019 | 1st ed. 2019
Springer Verlag, Japan
978-4-431-55780-7 (ISBN)

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This book examines the trends, underlying factors, and policy implications of fertility declines in three East Asian countries: Japan, South Korea, and China. In contrast to Western countries that have also experienced fertility declines to below-replacement levels, fertility decline in these East Asian countries is most notable in its rapidity and sheer magnitude. After a rapid decline shortly after the war, in which fertility was halved in one decade from 4.5 children per woman in 1947 to 2.1 in 1957, Japan's fertility started to decline to below-replacement levels in the mid-1970s, reaching 1.3 per woman in the early 2000s. Korea experienced one of the most spectacular declines ever recorded, with fertility falling continuously from very high (6.0 per woman) to a below-replacement level (1.6 per woman) between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, reaching 1.1 per woman in 2005. Similarly, after a dramatic decline from very high to low levels in one decade from the early 1970s to early 1980s, China's fertility reached around 1.5 per woman by 2005. Despite differences in timing, tempo, and scale of fertility declines, dramatic fertility reductions have resulted in extremely rapid population aging and foreshadow a long-term population decline in all three countries. This monograph provides a systematic comparison of fertility transitions in these East Asian countries and discusses the economic, social, and cultural factors that may account for their similarities and differences. After an overview of cultural backgrounds, economic transformations, and the evolution of policies, the trends and age patterns of fertility are examined. The authors then investigate changes in women's marriage and childbearing within marriage, the two major direct determinants of fertility, followed by an analysis of the social and economic factors underlying fertility and nuptiality changes, such as education, women's employment, and gender relations at home.

Introduction.- 1. Cultural Backgrounds, Economic Transformations, and Institutional Contexts.- 2. Evolution of Population and Family Policies.- 3. Trends of Fertility Change.- 4. Changes in the Age Patterns of Fertility.- 5. Demographic Factors of Fertility Change.- 5.1 Age patterns of marriage.- 5.2 Childbearing within marriage.- 5.3 Patterns of family building .- 6. Socioeconomic Factors of Fertility Change.- 6.1 Education.- 6.2 Women’s employment.- 6.3 Gender relations at home.- 6.4 Attitudes toward marriage and family.- Conclusions and Policy Implications.

Erscheint lt. Verlag	4.4.2019
Reihe/Serie	Population Studies of Japan
	Population Studies of Japan
	SpringerBriefs in Population Studies
	SpringerBriefs in Population Studies
Zusatzinfo	6 Illustrations, color; 1 Illustrations, black and white; XI, 66 p. 7 illus., 6 illus. in color.
Verlagsort	Tokyo
Sprache	englisch
Maße	155 x 235 mm
Themenwelt	Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie ► Allgemeine Soziologie
	Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie ► Empirische Sozialforschung
	Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie ► Mikrosoziologie
	Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie ► Spezielle Soziologien
	Wirtschaft ► Volkswirtschaftslehre ► Wirtschaftspolitik
Schlagworte	Education • fertility • marriage • Population and Family Policies • Women’s Employment
ISBN-10	4-431-55780-6 / 4431557806
ISBN-13	978-4-431-55780-7 / 9784431557807
Zustand	Neuware