Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves (eBook)

Carmen J. Nappo (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2002 | 1. Auflage
279 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-049166-0 (ISBN)

Infos

Gravity waves exist in all types of geophysical fluids, such as lakes, oceans, and atmospheres. They play an important role in redistributing energy at disturbances, such as mountains or seamounts and they are routinely studied in meteorology and oceanography, particularly simulation models, atmospheric weather models, turbulence, air pollution, and climate research.

An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves provides readers with a working background of the fundamental physics and mathematics of gravity waves, and introduces a wide variety of applications and numerous recent advances. Nappo provides a concise volume on gravity waves with a lucid discussion of current observational techniques and instrumentation.

Foreword is written by Prof. George Chimonas, a renowned expert on the interactions of gravity waves with turbulence.

CD containing real data, computer codes for data analysis and linear gravity wave models included with the text

Carmen Nappo received his Ph.D. in Geophysical Sciences from The Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. His research topic was gravity-wave stress over topography in the planetary boundary layer. His professional career began in 1968 at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ. where he performed diagnostic studies and evaluations of global-scale atmospheric models. In 1971, he transferred to the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, in Oak Ridge, TN where we worked until retiring in 2005. In 1994, Dr. Nappo received the American Meteorological Society's Editors Award for his reviews for the Journal of Applied Meteorology and in 2006 he received the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Distinguished Career Award. Dr. Nappo has published over 100 scientific papers, seven book chapters, and helped organize international scientific workshops and symposia. He has been a guest scientist and lecturer at universities and institutions in Australia, Germany, South Korea, Sweden, The Netherlands, Turkey, and the USA. Dr. Nappo resides in Knoxville, Tennessee with his wife Joan MacReynolds and their cat Lily.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Copyright Page 5
Contents 10
Foreword 16
Preface 18
Chapter 1. Fundamentals 22
1.1 Introduction 22
1.2 Some Wave Mechanics 27
1.3 The Buoyant Force 38
1.4 The Boussinesq Approximation 43
Chapter 2. The Linear Theory 46
2.1 The Taylor–Goldstein Equation 47
2.2 A Simple Solution 52
2.3 The WKB Method 60
2.4 Energetics 61
Chapter 3. Terrain-Generated Gravity Waves 68
3.1 Introduction 68
3.2 Uniform Flow Over a Surface Corrugation 72
3.3 The Two-Dimensional Ridge 80
3.4 The Three-Dimensional Mountain 87
3.5 Gravity Wave Drag 92
3.6 Convectively Generated Gravity Waves 101
Chapter 4. Ducted Gravity Waves 106
4.1 Wave Reflection at an Elevated Layer 107
4.2 Wave Trapping, Energy Flux, and Wave Resonance 112
4.3 Wave Ducts 119
Chapter 5. Gravity Wave Energetics 132
5.1 Variations Of Wave Energy and Stress with Height 132
5.2 Wave Action 133
5.3 The Critical Level 135
Chapter 6. Waves and Turbulence 146
6.1 Parcel Exchange Analysis of Flow Stability 146
6.2 Shear Instability and Unstable Modes 150
6.3 Wave-Modulated Richardson Number 162
6.4 Wave-Turbulence Coupling 165
6.5 Jefferys’ Roll-Wave Instability Mechanism 170
Chapter 7. The Parameterization of Wave Stress 176
7.1 Wave Saturation and Wave Breaking 177
7.2 Saturation Parameterization Schemes 183
7.3 Saturation Limits and Other Problems 198
Chapter 8. Observational Techniques 202
8.1 Single-Station Observations 203
8.2 Multiple Station Observations 213
8.3 Balloons, Aircraft, Airglow, and Satellites 224
Chapter 9. Data Analyses and Numerical Methods 230
9.1 Data Analysis 231
9.2 Numerical Models 248
Appendix A The Hydrostatic Atmosphere 258
A.1 The Hydrostatic Approximation 258
A.2 The Scale Height of the Isothermal Atmosphere 259
A.3 Adiabatic Lapse Rate 259
A.4 Potential Temperature 259
A.5 Boussinesq Relations 260
A.6 The Geostrophic Wind 261
A.7 The Eckman Wind Spiral 262
Appendix B Computer Codes and Data on CD-ROM 266
B.1 Introduction 266
B.2 FORTRAN Codes 267
B.3 Synthetic Wave Data 270
B.4 Sample Pressure Data 270
B.5 Contact 270
Bibliography 272
Index 284
International Geophysics Series 298

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 12.9.2002
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik ► Angewandte Mathematik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Meteorologie / Klimatologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Angewandte Physik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Mechanik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Relativitätstheorie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Strömungsmechanik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft
• ISBN-10: 0-08-049166-9 / 0080491669
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-049166-0 / 9780080491660