Persistent Organic Pollutants in Asia (eBook)

Sources, Distributions, Transport and Fate

John P. Giesy, Guibin Jiang, Paul S.K. Lam, An Li, Shinsuke Tanabe (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 1. Auflage
842 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-055113-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Large amounts of data obtained through environmental monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 10 Asian countries and Australia have been compiled and explored using principles of environmental chemistry, toxicology, and risk assessment. This book also includes descriptions and discussions of current governmental policies, monitoring and surveillance programs, history of manufacturing and applications, emission sources, impacts on human health, and cross-boundary transport of POPs in these countries.

* Compiles up-to-date sources, distributions, transport, and fates of highly concerned persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
* Presents exploratory examinations of the data guided by the principles of environmental chemistry, toxicology, and risk assessment
* Includes important context and insight regarding government policies, monitoring and surveillance programs, history of manufacturing and applications, emission sources, impacts on human health, and cross-boundary transport of POPs

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Large amounts of data obtained through environmental monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 10 Asian countries and Australia have been compiled and explored using principles of environmental chemistry, toxicology, and risk assessment. This book also includes descriptions and discussions of current governmental policies, monitoring and surveillance programs, history of manufacturing and applications, emission sources, impacts on human health, and cross-boundary transport of POPs in these countries.* Compiles up-to-date sources, distributions, transport, and fates of highly concerned persistent organic pollutants (POPs) * Presents exploratory examinations of the data guided by the principles of environmental chemistry, toxicology, and risk assessment * Includes important context and insight regarding government policies, monitoring and surveillance programs, history of manufacturing and applications, emission sources, impact on human health, and cross-boundary transport of POPs

Inhalt

Cover 1
Contents 6
List of Contributors 8
Introduction to the Book Series 14
Preface 16
Part I: East Asia–Japan, China, and Koria 18
Chapter 1. Persistent Organic Pollutants Monitoring Activities in Japan 20
1.1. Introduction 20
1.2. PCB and POPs pesticides monitoring 25
1.3. Regional/global transport of POPs 32
1.4. Monitoring of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar PCBs) 38
1.5. Stockpiles and wastes of POPs 41
1.6. Conclusion 44
References 45
Chapter 2. Emission, Contamination and Exposure, Fate and Transport, and National Management Strategy of Persistent Organic Pollutants in South Korea 48
2.1. Introduction 49
2.2. Methodology: Literature survey and target POPs 52
2.3. POPs issues and control strategy in South Korea 58
2.4. POPs emission in South Korea 72
2.5. Levels, distribution, and exposure to POPs 94
2.6. Fate and transport of POPs in South Korea 145
2.7. Conclusions 158
References 159
Chapter 3. Organochlorine Pesticides in China 176
3.1. Institutional, policy, and legal framework for organic pesticides in China 176
3.2. History of manufacturing, industrial applications, and emission sources 183
3.3. Research on POP pesticides 193
References 222
Chapter 4. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls, and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in China 230
4.1. Introduction 230
4.2. Sources of PCDD/Fs in China 232
4.3. Sources of PCBs in China 236
4.4. Sources of PBDEs in China 237
4.5. Levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDEs in China 238
4.6. Challenges of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDEs management in China 247
4.7. Conclusions 248
Acknowledgments 249
References 249
Chapter 5. Pollution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in China 254
5.1. Introduction 254
5.2. PAHs in the atmosphere 255
5.3. PAHs in water and sediments 273
5.4. PAHs in soil and plants 284
5.5. Emission estimation of PAHs in China 295
References 297
Chapter 6. Sources and Occurrence of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Pearl River Delta, South China 306
6.1. Introduction: The Pearl River Delta 306
6.2. Concerned sources of POPs in the PRD 307
6.3. Occurrence of POPs in the environment of the PRD 312
6.4. Human exposure to POPs 322
6.5. Regional cycling and time trends of POPs 323
6.6. Conclusion remarks 323
References 324
Chapter 7. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Hong Kong 330
7.1. Introduction 330
7.2. The HKSAR basic profile 332
7.3. Source inventories of POPs 333
7.4. Environmental levels of POPs 343
7.5. Dietary exposure to POPs 360
7.6. Human body burden of POPs 361
7.7. Ecological risk assessment 364
7.8. Human health risk assessment 370
7.9. Assessment of current POPs situation in Hong Kong 378
7.10. POPs management and implementation strategy in Hong Kong under the Stockholm Convention 380
7.11. Conclusions 381
Acknowledgements 382
References 382
Chapter 8. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Waterbirds with Special Reference to Hong Kong and Mainland China 392
8.1. Background 392
8.2. Biological effects 429
8.3. Limitations 432
8.4. Study on persistent organic pollutants in local waterbirds in Hong Kong 437
Acknowledgments 438
References 438
Part II: The Pacific Countries 574
Chapter 9. Persistent Toxic Substances in India 450
9.1. Introduction 451
9.2. History of PTS usage in India 452
9.3. Why India is important from global PTS pollution perspective 454
9.4. Persistent toxic substances in the Indian environment 455
9.5. PTS in Indian flora and fauna 465
9.6. PTS in Indian human 480
9.7. PTS in Indian food items 488
9.8. Management of toxic chemicals in India 489
9.9. Conclusion 492
References 493
Chapter 10. Persistent Toxic Substances in Thailand 504
10.1. Introduction 505
10.2. Sources of persistent toxic substances 506
10.3. Status of contamination 510
10.4. Management of hazardous substances 523
10.5. Conclusion 526
References 526
Chapter 11. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Vietnam: Levels, Patterns, Trends, and Human Health Implications 532
11.1. Introduction 533
11.2. Production and usage of persistent organic pollutants in Vietnam 535
11.3. Widespread contamination 536
11.4. Dioxin contamination 557
11.5. Fate and behavior of dioxins in municipal wastes open dumping sites 560
11.6. Trends of contamination by persistent organic pollutants 561
11.7. Environmental and human health implications 564
11.8. Conclusions and recommendations for future research 568
Acknowledgements 568
References 569
Part II: Southeast Asia„from India toVietnam 448
Chapter 12. Persistent Toxic Substances in the Philippine Environment 576
12.1. Introduction 577
12.2. Characteristics of the Philippines agricultural sector 579
12.3. Pesticide industry and usage profiles 580
12.4. National inventory of POPs in the Philippines 580
12.5. Contamination levels 581
12.6. Management and regulation of POPs in the Philippines 595
12.7. Conclusion and recommendations for future research 597
Acknowledgments 598
References 598
Chapter 13. Persistent Toxic Substances in the Environment of Indonesia 604
13.1. Introduction 604
13.2. Historical use, production, and management of POPs 606
13.3. Environmental contamination by organochlorine compounds (OCs) 609
13.4. Environmental contamination by OTs 628
13.5. Temporal variation of contaminations 631
13.6. Ecological and human health risk 633
13.7. Conclusions and recommendations 637
Acknowledgments 638
References 639
Chapter 14. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Malaysia 646
14.1. Introduction 646
14.2. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Malaysia: An overview 647
14.3. Sources of POPs in Malaysia 650
14.4. Levels of POP contamination in Malaysia 655
14.5. Management of POPs in Malaysia 666
14.6. Data gaps 667
14.7. POPs research and initiatives in Malaysia 668
Acknowledgement 669
References 669
Chapter 15. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Singapore’s Marine Environment 674
15.1. Introduction 675
15.2. POPs in seawater 676
15.3. POPs in the sea-surface microlayer 687
15.4. POPs in marine sediments 695
15.5. POPs in marine biota 707
15.6. POPs in mangrove habitats 716
References 729
Chapter 16. Persistent Organic Pollutants and Adverse Health Effects in Humans in Singapore 738
16.1. Introduction 738
16.2. Pesticides 741
16.3. Dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls 743
16.4. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) 747
16.5. POPs in human disease 748
16.6. POPs as endocrine disrupters 750
16.7. POPs in typical seafood consumed in Singapore 752
16.8. Conclusions 761
References 762
Chapter 17. Persistent Organic Pollutants: Occurrence and Health Risks in Australia 770
17.1. Introduction 771
17.2. Sources of POPs in Australia 773
17.3. Physicochemical and environmental properties 773
17.4. Occurrence of POPs in human foods 775
17.5. Australian market basket survey (now known as Total Dietary Survey) 776
17.6. Occurrence of POPs in humans 777
17.7. Dietary exposure of the Australian population to POPs 779
17.8. Risks to human health in Australia 782
17.9. Conclusions 785
References 785
Part IV: Regional Perspective 788
Chapter 18. Contamination by Persistent Toxic Substances in the Asia-Pacific Region 790
18.1. Introduction 791
18.2. Distribution and sources 793
18.3. Transport behavior and fate 800
18.4. Temporal trends and future prospects of contamination 806
18.5. Human exposure and human health implications 810
18.6. Conclusions and recommendations 825
Acknowledgments 827
References 828
Index 836

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 29.7.2011
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) ► Pharmakologie / Toxikologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Angewandte Physik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft
• ISBN-10: 0-08-055113-0 / 0080551130
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-055113-5 / 9780080551135