Economic Models and Algorithms for Distributed Systems (eBook)

Dirk Neumann, Mark Baker, Jörn Altmann, Omer F. Rana (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2010 | 2010
VI, 270 Seiten
Springer Basel (Verlag)
978-3-7643-8899-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Distributed computing paradigms for sharing resources such as Clouds, Grids, Peer-to-Peer systems, or voluntary computing are becoming increasingly popular. While there are some success stories such as PlanetLab, OneLab, BOINC, BitTorrent, and SETI@home, a widespread use of these technologies for business applications has not yet been achieved. In a business environment, mechanisms are needed to provide incentives to potential users for participating in such networks. These mechanisms may range from simple non-monetary access rights, monetary payments to specific policies for sharing. Although a few models for a framework have been discussed (in the general area of a 'Grid Economy'), none of these models has yet been realised in practice. This book attempts to fill this gap by discussing the reasons for such limited take-up and exploring incentive mechanisms for resource sharing in distributed systems. The purpose of this book is to identify research challenges in successfully using and deploying resource sharing strategies in open-source and commercial distributed systems.

Inhalt

Table of Content 6
Economic Models and Algorithms forDistributed Systems 8
Part I: Reputation Mechanisms and Trust 11
Reputation Mechanisms and Trust 12
A Belief-based Trust Model for DynamicService Selection 14
1. Introduction 14
2. Motivations 15
3. Related work 15
4. The methodology 17
5. Trust components 17
5.1 The sources of beliefs 18
6. Illustrating beliefs 19
7. Deriving a trust formalism 19
7.1 Combining belief values from various sources 19
7.2 Weighted Dempster–Shafer theory 21
7.3 Trust adaptation: Dynamic weighting 22
7.4 Trust computation and selection 23
8. Empirical evaluation 23
8.1 Environment overview 23
8.2 Setup summary 25
8.3 Results 26
8.3.1 Simulation 1: Service selection without trust 26
8.3.2 Simulation 2: Service selection with trust 26
8.3.3 Simulation 3: Full service adjustment 26
8.3.4 Simulation 4: Delayed service adjustment 27
8.4 Discussion 27
9. Conclusion and future work 27
References 27
Reputation, Pricing and the E-Science Grid 29
1. Introduction 29
2. Offline allocation with fixed price 31
2.1 Scenario 32
2.2 Model 32
3. Reputation-based scheduling and pricing for online allocation 34
3.1 Scenario 34
3.2 Model 36
3.3 Parameter 37
3.4 Sellers’ and buyers’ action space 38
3.5 Reputation mechanism 40
4. Simulation and implementation 41
4.1 Setting 41
4.2 Results 42
4.3 Application 43
5. Conclusion 44
References 45
Trust-oriented Utility-based CommunityStructure in Multiagent Systems 48
1. Introduction 48
2. The approach 49
2.1 Communities reasoning about agents 50
2.1.1 Modeling the trustworthiness of agents 51
2.1.2 Incentives for communities to share reputation ratings of agents 52
2.1.3 Interpreting ratings provided by communities 57
2.1.4 Overview of community reasoning procedure 58
2.2 Agents reasoning about communities 59
2.3 Privacy considerations 60
3. Discussion 61
4. Future work 62
References 63
Formation of Virtual Organizations in Grids:A Game-Theoretic Approach 65
1. Introduction 65
1.1 Our contributions 67
1.2 Related work 67
1.3 Organization 68
2. Coalitional game theory 68
3. Model 70
4. Virtual organization formation 71
5. Virtual organization formation framework 77
6. Conclusion 80
References 81
Towards Dynamic Authentication inthe Grid – Secure and Mobile BusinessWorkflows Using GSet 84
1. Introduction 84
2. State of the art 86
3. Requirements analysis – The BIG project 88
4. The need for dynamic authorization 89
5. Gridified Secure Electronic Transaction (gSET) 90
5.1 gSET 91
5.2 Architecture 92
6. Scenario and business model 93
7. Integrating gSET with a mobile client 94
7.1 Considerations regarding mobile devices 95
7.2 Tickets 96
7.3 The mobile gSET workflow 96
8. Performance analysis 98
8.1 gSET versus gridmap 98
8.2 Evaluation of gSET in a real mobile grid environment 100
9. Conclusions and future work 102
References 102
Part II: Service Level Agreements 106
Service Level Agreements 107
Enforcing Service Level Agreements Using anEconomically Enhanced Resource Manager 109
1. Introduction 109
2. Related work 110
3. Scenario definition 112
3.1 Revenue maximisation in resource-limited providers 113
3.2 SLA violation 114
4. Economically Enhanced Resource Manager 115
4.1 Architecture 116
4.2 Economic Resource Manager (ERM) 117
4.3 Monitoring 118
4.4 SLA enforcement 120
5. Example scenario 121
6. Conclusions and future work 123
References 124
Extended Resource Management Using ClientClassification and Economic Enhancements 128
1. Introduction 128
2. Objectives 129
3. Motivational scenario 130
4. Related work 130
5. Economic enhancements and client classification 131
6. Economically Enhanced Resource Management 132
6.1 Economic design criteria 132
6.2 Model of the EERM 133
7. Evaluation 135
8. Conclusions 137
References 137
Mitigating Provider Uncertainty inService Provision Contracts 141
1. Introduction and motivation 142
2. Related work 143
3. Utility model for contract-based service provision 144
4. Negative consequences of inaccurate quality level estimators 146
5. Performance prediction methods for derivation of qualitylevel estimators 148
6. Results 150
7. Implementation 153
8. Conclusion 156
References 156
Text-Content-Analysis based on the SyntacticCorrelations between Ontologies 158
1. Introduction 159
2. Description of work 160
2.1 Analyzing ontologies 161
2.2 Text-Content-Analysis 163
2.2.1 Matching algorithm 164
2.2.2 TCA usage 167
2.3 SLA-Management-System 169
2.4 A useful service 174
3. Conclusions 175
References 176
Part III: Business Models and Market Mechanisms 178
Business Models and Market Mechanisms 179
Cloud Computing Value Chains:Understanding Businesses and Value Creation inthe Cloud 182
1. Introduction 183
2. Literature review 184
2.1 Porter value chain 184
2.2 Upgrading the value chain 184
2.3 State-of-the-art: Cloud value chains 185
3. The cloud value chain reference model 186
3.1 Data and methodology 186
3.2 Model 186
3.3 Model structure and relations 189
3.4 Service scenarios 190
3.4.1 Utility cloud 191
3.4.2 Enterprise cloud 191
3.4.3 Research grids 192
3.4.4 Public clouds (desktop grids) 192
3.4.5 Virtual clouds (VC) 193
4. Discussion and policy implications 193
5. Conclusion 194
References 200
A Model for Determining the Optimal CapacityInvestment for Utility Computing 204
1. Introduction 204
2. Literature review 205
3. A decision model 207
4. Base model 208
5. Simultaneous optimization of capacity and demand 210
6. Analysis of model behaviors 211
7. Conclusion 213
References 214
A Combinatorial Exchange for ComplexGrid Services 216
1. Introduction 217
2. Related work 217
3. Application scenario: Collaborative learning 218
4. A combinatorial exchange 219
4.1 Bidding specification 219
4.2 The allocation mechanism 221
4.3 The pricing 224
5. Evaluation 225
5.1 Data generation 226
5.2 Analysis 226
6. Summary and future work 229
References 230
Heuristic Scheduling in Grid Environments:Reducing the Operational Energy Demand 233
1. Introduction 233
2. Related work 235
3. The model 236
3.1 The setting 236
3.2 Optimal solution 239
3.3 Green heuristic 240
4. Strategic incentives 243
4.1 Misreporting resource characteristics 243
4.2 Misreporting valuations 244
4.2.1 Misreporting energy costs 244
4.2.2 Misreporting bids 245
4.2.3 Misreporting deadlines 246
5. Conclusion 247
References 247
Facing Price Risks inInternet-of-Services Markets 251
1. Introduction 251
2. Background and related work 253
2.1 Background of cloud computing markets 253
2.2 Related work on upcoming risks 255
2.2.1 Technical risk 255
2.2.2 Price risk 256
3. Quantifying and overcoming risk 257
3.1 Simulating cloud computing markets 257
3.2 Applying an option price model to the simulated cloud computing market 258
4. Conclusion 259
References 260

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 13.2.2010
• Reihe/Serie: Autonomic Systems
• Reihe/Serie: Autonomic Systems
• Zusatzinfo: VI, 270 p.
• Verlagsort: Basel
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Weitere Themen ► Hardware
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Wirtschaftsinformatik
• Schlagworte: algorithms • autonomic computing • Cloud Computing • Distributed Computing • Distributed Systems • economic models • E-Science • grid economics • Incentive Engineering • Internet • Management • Networks • organization • Technology • virtual organization
• ISBN-10: 3-7643-8899-4 / 3764388994
• ISBN-13: 978-3-7643-8899-7 / 9783764388997