The IT Measurement Compendium (eBook)

Estimating and Benchmarking Success with Functional Size Measurement

Manfred Bundschuh, Carol Dekkers (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2008 | 2008
XXXVI, 644 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-68188-5 (ISBN)

Infos

'As projects get more complicated, managers stop learning from their - perience. It is important to understand how that happens and how to change it.... Fallible estimates: In software development, initial estimates for a project shape the trajectory of decisions that a manager makes over its life. For ex- ple, estimates of the productivity of the team members influence decisions about the size of the team, which in turn affect the team's actual output. The trouble is that initial estimates usually turn out to be wrong. ' (Sengupta, 2008) This book aims directly to increase the awareness among managers and practitioners that estimation is as important as the work to be done in so- ware and systems development. You can manage what you can measure! Readers will find in this book a collection of lessons learned from the worldwide 'metrics community,' which we have documented and enhanced with our own experiences in the field of software measurement and estimating. Our goal is to support our readers to harvest the benefits of estimating and - prove their software development processes. We present the 5 ISO/I- acknowledged Functional Sizing Methods with variants, experiences, counting rules, and case studies - and most importantly, illustrate through practical - amples how to use functional size measurement to produce realistic estimates. The book is written in a practical manner, especially for the busy practitioner community. It is aimed to be used as a manual and an assistant for everyday work.

Manfred Bundschuh is an internationally recognized expert on software measurement, estimating and international standards, with more than 40 years' IT experience, as an IT controller, consultant, and project manager. In addition, he has been teaching software engineering and project management at the University of Applied Sciences in Cologne, Germany, for more than 25 years. For the last 5 years he has been President of DASMA e.V., the metrics organization of the German-speaking countries.

Carol Dekkers is the president of Quality Plus Technologies, Inc., and a recognized expert in software measurement, functional size measurement, quality, scope management, and project management. Carol is a frequent keynote presenter at international conferences and the author of more than 60 articles and co-author of three books. She is a delegate to ISO/IEC for the United States (since 1994) and has worked for the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) as a visiting scientist. She is a professional engineer (Canada), a Certified Management Consultant (CMC), a Project Management Professional (PMP), and a Certified Function Point Specialist (CFPS). Carol is active in the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG), International Function Point Users Group (past-president), PMI Metrics SIG (past chair) and a variety of other industry groups.

Inhalt

Preface 5
History of This Book 6
The Books’ Content 7
Acknowledgements 8
Contents 10
List of Figures 21
List of Tables 26
1 The Estimation Challenges 33
1.1 The Basics of Software Estimation 40
1.2 Rules for Estimation 61
1.3 A Checklist for Estimating 70
1.4 Internet Links for Software Measurement Associations and Estimation 71
1.5 Management Summary 73
2 Estimation Fundamentals 76
2.1 Estimation in a Project Controlling Environment 77
2.2 Determining Parameters of Estimation 87
2.3 Management Summary 93
3 Prerequisites for Estimation 96
3.1 The Information Basis of Estimation 96
3.2 The Process of Estimation 107
3.3 Management Summary 113
4 The Implementation of Estimation 116
4.1 Report About a Successful Implementation 118
4.2 Positive and Negative Aspects of Software Measurement 121
4.3 Frequently Asked Questions 124
4.4 Acceptance Challenges 129
4.5 Goals for an Estimation Process 138
4.6 Counting of Historical Projects 140
4.7 Estimation as an Early Warning System 141
4.8 Management Summary 143
5 Estimation Methods 147
5.1 The Challenges of Estimation Methods 148
5.2 Determination of the Effort 156
5.3 Overview of Methods 167
5.4 Evaluation of an Estimation Method 177
5.5 Management Summary 184
6 Estimating Maintenance Effort 189
6.1 International Standards for Software Maintenance 190
6.2 Enhancement Projects 194
6.3 Software Metrics for Maintenance 197
6.4 Estimation of Maintenance Effort after Delivery 199
6.5 Estimation of Small Changes 200
6.6 Management Summary 206
7 Software Measurement and Metrics: Fundamentals 208
7.1 Terminology 209
7.2 Goals and Benefits of Metrics 216
7.3 Start and Implementation of a Metrics Initiative 219
7.4 Management Summary 232
8 Product- and Process- Metrics 236
8.1 Product Metrics 237
8.2 Software Quality 244
8.3 Documentation 251
8.4 System Complexity 251
8.5 Process Metrics 254
8.6 Management Summary 265
9 Object-Oriented Metrics 269
9.1 Examples of Object-Oriented Metrics 271
9.2 Projects that were Developed Using Object-Oriented Approaches in the ISBSG Benchmarking Database 278
9.3 Function Points and Object-Oriented System Development 279
9.4 Management Summary 282
10 Measurement Communities and Resources 284
10.1 The ISO Standards 285
10.2 The Capability Maturity Model Integration 288
10.3. The Goal Question Metric Method 291
10.4 The Balanced Scorecard 293
10.5 Important Software and Systems Measurement Organizations 295
10.6 Internet Links to Measurement Communities 312
11 Benchmarking of IT Projects 315
11.1 Benchmarking Fundamentals 316
11.2 Practical Benchmarking Experiences 319
11.3 Benchmarking Databases 323
11.4 ISBSG and Its Products 325
11.5 Internet Links to Benchmarking Organizations 343
11.6 Management Summary 344
12 The IFPUG Function Point Counting Method 348
12.1 Functional Size Measurement Methods History 350
12.2 The Benefits of the IFPUG FPM 351
12.3 Application Areas for Function Points 357
12.4 The Evaluation of Function Point-Based Estimation Methods 359
12.5 The Optimum Time to Count FPs 361
12.6 The Process of Function Point Counting 363
12.7 The Process to Implement the IFPUG Function Point Counting Method 381
12.8 The Limitations of the IFPUG Function Point Counting Method 383
12.9 Management Summary 384
13 Functional Size Measurement Methods ( FSMMs) 389
13.1 Short Characterizations of ISO/IEC-Conformant FSMMs 390
13.2 COSMIC 391
13.3 FiSMA 1.1 Functional Size Measurement Method 400
13.4 Mark II Function Point Method 411
13.5 NESMA FPA 413
13.6 Outlook for Functional Size Measurement Methods 417
13.7 Management Summary 418
14 Variants of the IFPUG Function Point Counting Method 420
14.1 The Data Point Method 421
14.2 Feature Points 422
14.3 Object Point Methods 422
14.4 SPR Function Points 423
14.5 3D Function Points 424
14.6 Use Case Points (UCP) 424
14.7 Outlook 428
14.8 Management Summary 429
15 Using Functional Size Measurement Methods 431
15.1 Function Point Prognosis 431
15.2 Estimation of Person Months of Work Effort Based on Function Points 439
15.3 Productivity Analysis 440
15.4 Typical Function Point Counting Experiences 442
15.5 Management Summary 451
16 Estimation of Data Warehouses, Web-Based Applications: Software Reuse and Redevelopment 454
16.1 Function Point Counts of Data Warehouse Projects 454
16.2 Estimating Web Development 460
16.3 Software Reuse and Redevelopment 469
16.4 Management Summary 472
17 IFPUG Function Point Counting Rules 474
17.1 Overview of IFPUG CPM Release 4.2 (Also known as IFPUG 4.2) 474
17.2 Determine the Type of Count 476
17.3 Determine the Purpose and Scope of the Count and the Application ( System) Boundary 477
17.4 Count Unadjusted FPs 478
17.5 Calculate the Adjusted FPs 489
17.6 Management Summary 502
18 Functional Size Measurement Case Studies 504
18.1 Case Study Description: Course Registration System 504
18.2 Use Case Diagram 514
18.3. COSMIC (Cfp) Count of Course Registration system 518
18.4 FiSMA (Ffp) Count of Course Registration System 531
18.5 IFPUG (FP) Count of Course Registration System 537
18.6 Mark II Function Point Count of Course Registration System 544
18.7 NESMA Count of Course Registration System 547
18.8 Comparison of Results of FSM Methods 551
19 Functional Size Measurement: Additional Case Studies 554
19.1 COSMIC Case Study 554
19.2 IFPUG Function Point Case Studies 561
20 Tools for Estimation 567
20.1 The Benefits of Estimation Tools 569
20.2 Effort Estimation Tools 570
20.3 The Use of Estimation Tools 572
20.4 Checkpoint for Windows (CKWIN) 575
20.5 Experience® Pro Project Sizing, Estimating, and Scope Management Software 593
20.6 Other Estimation Tools 597
20.7 Tools that Support Functional Size Measurement 598
20.8 Tools for Object Oriented Metrics and Estimation 601
20.9 Website URLs for Estimation Tools 604
20.10 Management Summary 606
Appendix 607
A.1 A Logbook for Function Point Counts 607
A.2 Checklists 609
A.3 FiSMA Situation Analysis Model MT22 619
Literature 630
Index 647

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 15.8.2008
• Zusatzinfo: XXXVI, 644 p. 134 illus.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Netzwerke
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Logistik / Produktion
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Wirtschaftsinformatik
• Schlagworte: Benchmark • Control • Data Warehouse • Development • Functional Sizing Methods • Function Point Analysis • Information Technology (IT) • IT Project Benchmarking • IT Project Estimation • Management • Object-Oriented Metrics • organization • Project Management • Quality assurance • Requirements Engineering • Software • Software Estimation • software measurement • software metrics • software process improvement • software process management • Software Reuse • Stan
• ISBN-10: 3-540-68188-4 / 3540681884
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-68188-5 / 9783540681885