Managing Global Innovation (eBook)

Uncovering the Secrets of Future Competitiveness

Roman Boutellier, Oliver Gassmann, Maximilian Von Zedtwitz (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2008 | 3rd ed. 2008
X, 807 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-68952-2 (ISBN)

Infos

If R&D and innovation in the 1990s were about more internationalization, more corporate entrepreneurship, and more information-integration, then the 2000s have been about consolidating and expanding these trends further: more globalization including the technology mavericks of China and India, more open and inbound innovation integrating external technology providers, and more web- and Intern- enabling of innovation processes by involving R&D contributors regardless of their location. The corporate R&D powerhouses of the 1980s are now mostly history. Even where they survived, they had to yield to corporate efficiency efforts and business-wide integration programs. Still, it would be unfair to belittle them in retrospect as they have found new roles in corporate R&D and innovation n- works. In fact, the very successes of centralized R&D organizations of the 1970s and 1980s made possible the revolution of globalized innovation that we have been witnessing since the 1990s. The first two editions of Managing Global Innovation, published in 1999 and 2000, were testimonials of an increasingly internationalizing world of innovation and R&D. In this third edition of Managing Global Innovation, we have retained the basic structure of two conceptual parts (I and II) and three case study parts (III, IV, V). However, we have greatly revised all chapters, including the final 'Imp- cations' chapter (part VI), and incorporated new chapters and cases that illuminate and describe the recent trends in the context of the beginnings of global innovation in the 1980s and 1990s.

Inhalt

Third edition 4
Preface to the Third Edition 6
Preface to the Second Edition 8
Contents 10
Part I Challenges and Trends 12
I.1 Challenges of Organizing International Research & Development
1 Changes in the Global Innovation Environment 13
2 Key Topics in Global R& D Management
I.2 Extent of R& D Internationalization
1 International R& D and Countries
2 International R& D and Multinational Companies
3 Factors Driving R& D Internationalization
4 Conclusion 64
I.3 Foreign R& D in China
1 The Rise of China as a Destination of Foreign R& D
2 How Important is Foreign R& D in China?
3 Research on R& D in China
4 Differences in Management Styles 79
5 Interaction with the Local Innovation System 81
6 Managing Chinese R& D Staff
7 Conclusions and Outlook 83
I.4 Internal Drivers 85
1 Five Organizational Concepts of International R& D Organization
2 Ethnocentric Centralized R& D
3 Geocentric Centralized R& D
4 Polycentric Decentralized R& D
5 R& D Hub Model
6 The Integrated R& D Network
7 Organizing International R& D
8 Conclusions 103
I.5 External Drivers 105
1 Four Archetypes of Externally Driven R& D Internationalization
2 National-Treasure R& D: Domestic Research and Domestic Development
3 Technology-Driven R& D: Dispersed Research and Domestic Development
4 Market-Driven R& D: Domestic Research and Dispersed Development
5 Global R& D: Dispersed Research and Dispersed Development
6 External Forces and Trends 112
7 Differentiating the Four Archetypes 115
8 Conclusions 119
I.6 Establishing Overlaying Structures 121
1 Perspectives of R& D Organization
2 Constituents of the Project and Processes Structure 124
3 Constituents of the Informal Links and Network Structure 128
4 Conclusions 133
I.7 Organizing Virtual R& D Teams
1 Organization of Virtual R& D Teams
2 Decentralized Self-Coordination 136
3 System Integrator as R& D Coordinator
4 The Core Team as a System Architect 142
5 Centralized Venture Team 147
6 Contingency Approach to Virtual R& D Teams
7 Conclusions 152
Part II Emerging Patterns 155
II.1 The Market as a Challenge for R& D
1 Push versus Pull Orientation 156
2 Focusing R& D on Market Needs
3 Siemens - Positioning Central Research 162
4 General Electric - Staying Vital through Business- Orientation and Cooperation 166
5 EGU - Matrix Organization in a Research Environment 168
6 Rolic - Selling Liquid Crystal Research to Customers and Markets 171
7 Conclusions 174
II.2 Technology Listening Posts 177
1 Listening Posts in R& D
2 Towards Organizational Concepts for Listening Posts 179
3 Trend Scout 181
4 Technology Outposts 182
5 Match Maker 184
6 Hybrid Listening Post Configurations 185
7 Managerial Implications and Conclusions 186
II.3 Managing the International R-to-D Interface 189
1 The Three Roles of the R-to-D Interface 189
2 Why is Research Different from Development? 192
3 Ensuring Vertical Transfer of Knowledge through R& D Funding
4 How to Get Technology Across 205
5 Conclusions 213
II.4 Transnational R& D Processes
1 Distinguishing R& D Phases
2 Stage-Gate-Processes to Support Project Management 218
3 Pre-project Phase: Fostering Creativity 221
4 Development Phase: Focusing on Efficiency 229
5 Market Introduction: Focus on Time-to-Money 233
6 Conclusions 236
II.5 Information & Communication Technologies
1 ICT Changes How R& D is Done
2 The Need for ICT in Transnational R& D Projects
3 Use of ICT in Decentralized Projects 242
4 Selected ICT Instruments 246
5 Dynamics in the Course of a Project 252
6 Means to Measure and Lead Dispersed R& D Teams
7 Limitations of ICT in Virtual R& D Teams
8 Conclusions 256
II.6 Directors of International R& D Labs
1 R& D Directors: An Easy Choice?
2 Profiles of Initial R& D Directors
3 Determinants of Director Selection 268
4 Managerial Recommendations 272
5 Conclusions 275
II.7 Managing Knowledge and Human Resources 277
1 Building Bridges between Islands of Knowledge 277
2 Knowledge Creation and Project Management: A Matter of Managing People 278
3 Managing Cultural Diversity 287
4 Management Concepts are Almost Impossible to Transfer 289
5 Conclusions 290
Part III Best- in-Class: The Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry 293
III.1 DuPont: Gaining the Benefits of Global Networks — from the Science Base to the Market Place* 296
1 Leading in the Chemical Industry - DuPont 296
2 R& D Organization
3 R& D Coordination
4 Important R& D Instruments and R&
5 Example of an International Project 304
6 Conclusions 308
III.2 Hoffmann-La Roche: Global Differentiation between Research and Development* 309
1 The Roche Group 309
2 R& D Organization
3 R& D Coordination
4 Important R& D Instruments and Procedures
5 Problems and Challenges of the Existing Organization 317
6 Conclusion 320
III.3 Schering: Synchronized Drug Development* 323
1 Concentration on Core Businesses 323
2 R& D Organization
3 R& D Coordination and Management
4 R& D Instruments and Processes
5 Levovist: Example of an International R& D Project
6 Conclusions 331
III.4 Ciba: International Research Laboratories in Japan: Practical Validation of a Strategic Concept* 332
1 Ciba before the Merger with Sandoz 332
2 R& D Organisation
3 R& D Coordination
4 Example of an International R& D Project
5 Establishing International Research Labs in Japan 337
6 Successes and Failures 341
7 Conclusions 344
III.5 Kao: Localizing R& D Resources*
1 Customer Commitment 348
2 Plants and Laboratories in Japan 349
3 The Coordination and Management Structure of R& D
4 Managing R& D: Flat and Dynamic
5 International Labs: Tapping Local Resources 354
6 Conclusions 355
Part IV Best- in-Class: The Electronics, Software, and Service Industry 357
IV.1 Xerox: The Global Market and Technology Innovator* 360
1 Xerox, the Document Company 360
2 Research and Development 365
3 R& D Coordination
4 R& D Instruments and Procedures
5 An International R& D Project: XTRAS
6 Conclusions 376
IV.2 Canon: R& D –Driver for Continuous Growth and Diversification*
1 Continuous Growth and Diversification 377
2 R& D Organization
3 R& D Coordination
4 Overseas R& D Centers
5 Example of an International R& D Project
6 Conclusions 392
IV.3 Hewlett-Packard: Planet-Wide Patterns in the Company’s Technology Tapestry* 394
1 Preface 394
2 HP: A Strong Company in Growing Industries 395
3 The WARP Threads: HP’s Global Attributes and Practices 400
4 The WEFT Threads that Add Color and Texture to Local Patterns 413
5 A Successful Team 435
IV.4 IBM: Using Global Networks for Virtual Development* 442
1 Leadership Through R& D in Information Technology
2 R& D Organization
3 R& D Coordination
4 Management of International R& D Projects
5 Conclusions 454
IV.5 SAP: Global Intellectual Property Management in the Software Industry Sector* 456
1 The Software Company SAP 456
2 SAP Research Organization: The Teams 457
3 SAP Research Coordination: The Research Process 461
4 Global Collaborative Research Activities 462
5 Intellectual Property Management at SAP 464
6 Conclusions 479
IV.6 Unisys: Localization of Software Development* 483
1 Main Business Information Technology 483
2 Research and Development Organization and Coordination 484
3 Important R& D Instruments and Procedures
4 URBIS Localization 490
5 Conclusions 500
IV.7 Huawei: Globalizing through Innovation 503
1 Who is Huawei? 503
2 International Expansion of Sales and Services 507
3 R& D at Huawei
4 Internationalization of R& D
5 Conclusions 517
IV.8 Fujitsu: Solutions for the Ubiquitous Networking World* 519
1 Fujitsu 519
2 Global Collaboration of Fujitsu Units in Innovation Projects 523
3 Flexible R& D Structures and New Innovation Approaches
4 Outlook and Conclusions 529
IV.9 Swiss Re: Global Intellectual Property Management in the Financial Services Industry* 531
1 The Reinsurance Company Swiss Re 531
2 Research and Innovation 532
3 Global Collaborative Research Activities 532
4 Intellectual Property Management at Swiss Re 533
5 Conclusions 547
Part V Best- in-Class: The Electrical and Machinery Industry 551
V.1 ABB: Management of Technology: Think Global, Act Local* 553
1 The Transnational Company ABB 553
2 R& D Structure
3 R& D Coordination and Integration
4 Conclusions 564
V.2 Daimler: Global Knowledge Sourcing and Research* 566
1 Daimler-Benz‘s R& D Organization in Overview
2 Management of International R& T Sites
3 R& D Projects in an International Context
4 Conclusions 592
V.3 Schindler: Institutionalizing Technology Management and R& D Core Competencies*
1 Schindler - the Elevator and Escalator Company 596
2 Former Innovation Examples 597
3 Organization, Process and Infrastructure of R& D
4 Identifying Core Competencies in R& D
5 Technology Management as an Ongoing Process 608
6 Managing Human Resources in R& D
7 Conclusions 613
V.4 Hitachi: Management Practices for Innovation in Global Industrial Research* 615
1 Three Major Issues for Global R& D
2 New Innovation Processes for Global R& D
3 New Directions in Hitachi‘s R& D
4 More Innovation through R& D Globalization
5 Establishing Corporate R& D Center Outside of Japan
6 Examples of Innovations Achieved in European R& D Center
7 Management of Global R& D as Practiced in European R&
8 Experience of Practicing R& D Management in Europe
9 Conclusions – Across the Boundaries of Nations and Multiple Cultures 636
V.5 Leica Microscopy: International Transfer of R& D Activities*
1 Leica Microscopy and Surveying 639
2 R& D Organization
3 Example of an International R& D Project
4 Most Important Lessons Learned 649
5 Conclusions 652
V.6 MTU: Partner in International High-Tech- Cooperations* 654
1 Profile of the Jet-Engine Industry and the Joint „ Advanced Ducted Propfan” Program 654
2 R& D Organization
3 R& D Coordinator
4 Important R& D Instruments and Procedures
5 Specific Aspects of the Demonstrator and Technology Readiness Program 665
6 Conclusions 666
V.7 BMW Group: Strategic Framework for Global Innovation to Enhance the Efficiency of Global R& D*
1 At a Glance: The BMW Group in Today’s Automotive Industry 667
2 Taking Advantage of Global R& D
3 Conclusion: Balancing Inside and Outside Innovation in Global Network Structures is the Future Challenge 682
V.8 Siemens: Flying with the Dragon - Innovation in China* 684
1 The China Magic 684
2 Innovation in China: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow 685
3 Siemens and Siemens in China 687
4 Siemens R& D in China
5 Siemens Corporate R& D in China
6 Flying with the Dragon: China and Siemens, Perfectly Together 696
Part VI Implications 698
VI.1 Implications for Organizing Global R& D
1 Organizing Global R& D
2 Some Dilemmas in Global R& D
3 Looking Ahead: Organizing Global R& D Ten Years From Now
Bibliography 740
Index 772
Index of Companies 778
Editors 783
Case Study Contributors 785

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 12.3.2008
• Zusatzinfo: X, 807 p.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Logistik / Produktion
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Unternehmensführung / Management
• Schlagworte: Development • F&E Management • F&E Management • Forschung & Entwicklung • Forschung & Entwicklung • Innovation • Intellectual Property Management • knowledge management • Management • R&D management • R&D Management • Technology Management
• ISBN-10: 3-540-68952-4 / 3540689524
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-68952-2 / 9783540689522