Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology (eBook)

Lawrence A. Lacey (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

1997 | 1. Auflage
409 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-053577-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Biological Techniques is a series of volumes aimed at introducing to a wide audience the latest advances in methodology. The pitfalls and problems of new techniques are given due consideration, as are those small but vital details not always explicit in the methods sections of journal papers.
In recent years, most biological laboratories have been invaded by computers and a wealth of new DNA technology and this will be reflected in many of the titles appearing in the series.
The books will be of value to advances researches and graduate students seeking to learn and apply new techniques, and will be useful to teachers of advanced undergraduate courses involving practical or project work.
This manual describes the broad array of techniques that are used in insect pathology. It will provide biologists, insect pathologists, entomologists, and those interested in biological control, with the necessary information to work on a variety of pathogen groups.
This book will be an essential laboratory reference for insect pathologists.

Features include:
* Step by-step instructions on how to isolate, identify, culture, bioassay and store the major groups of entomopathogens
* Details of the practical knowledge needed by beginners to apply the techniques
* Chapters written by an international group of experts
* Discussion of safety testing of entomopathogens in mammals and also broader methods such as microscopy and molecular techniques
* Provides extensive supplemental literature and recipes for media, fixatives and stains

Inhalt

Cover 1
Title Page 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 14
Series Preface 6
Contributors 8
Preface 10
Acknowledgements 12
Chapter 1. Initial handling and diagnosis of diseased insects 20
1 Introduction 20
2 Collection of diseased insects and entomopathogens 21
3 Examination in the laboratory 23
4 Safety considerations 30
Acknowledgements 30
References 31
Glossary 31
Chapter II. Viruses 36
1 Introduction 36
2 A brief introduction to the insect virus groups 37
3 Identification 39
4 Isolation 46
5 Quantification of viruses 46
6 Propagation 53
7 Bioassay 59
8 Preservation and long-term storage 67
Acknowledgements 67
References 67
Glossary 71
Appendix 72
Chapter III-1. Bacteria: Identification, isolation, culture and preservation of entomopathogenic bacteria 74
1 Introduction 74
2 Identification 74
3 Isolation 87
4 Cultivation 88
5 Preservation 90
References 92
Appendix 94
Chapter III-2. Bacteria: Laboratory bioassay of bacteria against aquatic insects with emphasis on larvae of mosquitoes and black flies 98
1 Introduction 98
2 Bioassay of Bacillus pathogens against mosquito larvae 99
3 Bioassay of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against black fly larvae 103
4 Conclusions 107
Acknowledgements 107
References 107
Chapter III-3. Bacteria: Bioassay of Bacillus thuringiensis against lepidopteran larvae 110
1 Introduction 110
2 Diet-based bioassays 111
3 Bioassay of granular formulations of B. thuringiensis 113
4 Bioassay of sprayable formulations of B. thuringiensis on leaf surfaces 115
5 Conclusions 118
References 118
Chapter III-4. Bacteria of soil-inhabiting insects 120
1 Introduction 120
2 Isolation 121
3 Identification 122
4 Propagation 124
5 Bioassay 128
6 Preservation 130
References 131
Appendix 132
Chapter IV. Research methods for entomopathogenic protozoa 136
1 Introduction 136
2 Identification 137
3 Bioassay and experimental infections 151
4 Propagation and production 156
5 Managing spores 161
6 Storage 166
References 168
Chapter V-1. Fungi: Identification 172
1 Introduction 172
2 Preparation and observation of microscope slides 173
3 Key to major genera of fungal entomopathogens 175
4 Diagnoses and critical characters of major entomopathogens 180
References 201
Brief glossary of mycological terms 203
Appendix: recipes of stains and reagents 204
Chapter V-2. Fungi: Entomophthorales 206
1 Introduction 206
2 Isolation 207
3 Culture and production 213
4 Bioassays 217
5 Sampling Entomophthorales 222
Acknowledgements 226
References 226
Appendix: Media 230
Chapter V-3. Fungi: Hyphomycetes 232
1 Introduction 232
2 Isolation and identification 233
3 Propagation and storage 237
4 Propagule enumeration 240
5 Infection and bioassay 249
6 Assessment of environmental parameters 257
Acknowledgements 263
References 263
Appendix 267
Chapter V-4. Fungi: Oomyeetes and Chytridiomycetes 270
1 Introduction: phylogeny and life cycles 270
2 Isolation 274
3 Propagation 276
4 Bioassay 280
5 Conclusions 282
Acknowledgements 282
References 282
Appendix 285
Chapter V-5. Fungi: Preservation of cultures 288
1 Introduction 288
2 Preservation at temperatures above freezing 290
3 Preservation by freeze-drying (lyophilization) 291
4 Preservation in a frozen state 292
References 297
Chapter VI. Techniques in insect nematology 300
1 Introduction 300
2 Generalized life cycle of nematodes 301
3 Identification 302
4 Type specimens 305
5 Major groups of nematodes associated with insects 306
6 Sampling techniques for nematodes 315
7 Nematode extraction techniques 316
8 Extraction efficiency 320
9 Nematode culture 321
10 Quantification methods 326
11 Bioassay methods 328
12 Handling soil 329
13 Staining nematodes 330
14 Cross-breeding studies with entomopathogenic nematodes 331
15 Preservation 333
16 Symbiotic bacteria 334
References 335
Glossary 338
Appendix 341
Chapter VII. Testing the pathogenicity and infectivity of entomopathogens to mammals 344
1 Introduction 344
2 Definition of infection 345
3 Definition of persistence 346
4 Background and philosophy behind mammalian tests 346
5 Animal procurement and housing 349
6 Modified first tier scheme 350
7 Conclusion 353
Acknowledgement 354
References 354
Chapter VIII- 1. Complementary techniques: Preparations of entomopathogens and diseased specimens for more detailed study using microscopy 356
1 Introduction 356
2 Light microscopy 356
3 Electron microscopy 364
References 367
Appendix 368
Chapter VIII-2. Complementary techniques: Fluorescence microscopy 374
1 Introduction to fluorescence microscopy 374
2 Photomicrography in fluorescent light 376
3 Antiquenching ('antifade') agents 376
4 Uses of fluorochromes 377
5 Indirect visualization of cell components 380
6 Checklist for fluorescence microscopy 382
References 382
Glossary 383
Appendix 383
Chapter VIII-3. The application of molecular techniques to insect pathology with emphasis on entomopathogenic fungi 386
1 Introduction 386
2 Procedures for isolating pathogen DNA for different purposes 388
3 Procedures for isolating pathogen RNA for different purposes 389
4 Resolution and analysis of DNA and RNA 390
5 Transformation systems 393
6 Construction of cloning and expression vector components and markers 398
7 Gene cloning strategies 400
8 Gene disruption 407
9 Population studies 408
References 410
Glossary 412
Index 414
Color Plate Section 430

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 27.2.1997
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) ► Pathologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zoologie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• ISBN-10: 0-08-053577-1 / 0080535771
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-053577-7 / 9780080535777