NETosis-derived effector mechanisms against Neospora caninum and new insights of seroprevalances in caprine and canine neosporosis
Seiten
2018
VVB Laufersweiler Verlag
978-3-8359-6728-1 (ISBN)
VVB Laufersweiler Verlag
978-3-8359-6728-1 (ISBN)
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Neosporosis is serious protozoan disease responsible of many reproductive disorders in ruminant industry. Productivity of sheep and goat is also seriously affected by infectious abortions, stillbirth and birth of weak kids with congenital neosporosis, impacting also small ruminant productive systems. Despite of this background, available investigations on importance of N. caninum infections on caprine populations worldwide are still scarce. Here we demonstrated for first time, novel data on seroprevalence and pathogenesis of N. caninum in goats from Costa Rica and Federal State Hesse (Germany) collecting current epidemiological information on this abortive apicomplexan parasite and analyzing their impact on caprine production in these two participating countries for their respective geographical areas [Central America (tropical climate) and Central Europe (template climate)]. Since the dog plays a crucial role in the reproductive cycle of N. caninum, additionally seroprevalence in a selected dog population in Germany was examined.
The following relevant results were achieved:
N. caninum infections were found in low-prevalence goats in both Germany (Hesse) (0.48%) and Costa Rica (7.9%). In Costa Rica, seropositive flocks with common pastures were associated with cattle and sheep. The data indicates a low vertical transmission rate. Preventive measures, such as the use of separate paddocks and the control of domestic and wild carnivores and their faeces on the pastures, will be essential for the future monitoring of caprine neosporosis. In a selected dog population in Germany, 7% seropositive animals were found, which could be confirmed by Western Blot.
A wide knowledge on the role of early innate immune system against protozoan parasitoses is crucial to better understand molecular mechanisms involved in resulting host-parasite interactions and further cell-mediated adaptive immune responses, associated in the same way with clinical severity and outcome of this parasitic disease. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and other leukocytes (such as eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages) are able to expel their DNA in a controlled process into extracellular environment and trapping pathogenic microorganisms by extruding neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These structures demonstrated to firmly attach, immobilize and entrap N. caninum tachyzoites, evidencing for the first time the importance of NETosis, as an additional effector mechanism in early host immune response during acute bovine and caprine neosporosis. Moreover, in both species, N. caninum-triggered NETosis illustrated a co-localization of DNA with antimicrobial molecules present in PMN nucleus and granules, such as histones (H1, H2A/H2B, H3, H4), neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), pentraxin (PTX) and cathepsins demonstrating classical nature of these extracellular defense structures. The main differences on NETs formation between these species were the short but thick size of caprine N. caninum-triggered NET structures; dose- and time-dependency was exclusively observed in bovine PMN whereas nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NOX)- and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE)–independency were detected exclusively for caprine PMN.
In general, obtained results have an important implication in the better understanding of complex pasarite-host interactions in vitro/in vivo during ruminant neosporosis, providing for the first time epidemiological information on the infection in goats from Germany and Costa Rica. Further more investigations on this topic are required, which might reduce initial infection rates during acute phase of neosporosis.
Keywords: Neospora caninum, neutrophil extracellular traps, ruminant innate immunity, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase
The following relevant results were achieved:
N. caninum infections were found in low-prevalence goats in both Germany (Hesse) (0.48%) and Costa Rica (7.9%). In Costa Rica, seropositive flocks with common pastures were associated with cattle and sheep. The data indicates a low vertical transmission rate. Preventive measures, such as the use of separate paddocks and the control of domestic and wild carnivores and their faeces on the pastures, will be essential for the future monitoring of caprine neosporosis. In a selected dog population in Germany, 7% seropositive animals were found, which could be confirmed by Western Blot.
A wide knowledge on the role of early innate immune system against protozoan parasitoses is crucial to better understand molecular mechanisms involved in resulting host-parasite interactions and further cell-mediated adaptive immune responses, associated in the same way with clinical severity and outcome of this parasitic disease. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and other leukocytes (such as eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages) are able to expel their DNA in a controlled process into extracellular environment and trapping pathogenic microorganisms by extruding neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These structures demonstrated to firmly attach, immobilize and entrap N. caninum tachyzoites, evidencing for the first time the importance of NETosis, as an additional effector mechanism in early host immune response during acute bovine and caprine neosporosis. Moreover, in both species, N. caninum-triggered NETosis illustrated a co-localization of DNA with antimicrobial molecules present in PMN nucleus and granules, such as histones (H1, H2A/H2B, H3, H4), neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), pentraxin (PTX) and cathepsins demonstrating classical nature of these extracellular defense structures. The main differences on NETs formation between these species were the short but thick size of caprine N. caninum-triggered NET structures; dose- and time-dependency was exclusively observed in bovine PMN whereas nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NOX)- and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE)–independency were detected exclusively for caprine PMN.
In general, obtained results have an important implication in the better understanding of complex pasarite-host interactions in vitro/in vivo during ruminant neosporosis, providing for the first time epidemiological information on the infection in goats from Germany and Costa Rica. Further more investigations on this topic are required, which might reduce initial infection rates during acute phase of neosporosis.
Keywords: Neospora caninum, neutrophil extracellular traps, ruminant innate immunity, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase
| Erscheinungsdatum | 16.10.2018 |
|---|---|
| Reihe/Serie | Edition Scientifique |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 146 x 210 mm |
| Gewicht | 246 g |
| Themenwelt | Veterinärmedizin |
| Schlagworte | Doktorarbeit • Uni |
| ISBN-10 | 3-8359-6728-2 / 3835967282 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-3-8359-6728-1 / 9783835967281 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
| Informationen gemäß Produktsicherheitsverordnung (GPSR) | |
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