Fundamentals of Thermodynamics (eBook)

Claus Borgnakke (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2024 | 1. Auflage
656 Seiten
Wiley (Verlag)
978-1-394-21292-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Discover the Basics of Thermodynamics with the Field's Leading Textbook for over Thirty Years

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics concerning the relationship between heat and temperature on the one hand, and energy, entropy, and the properties of matter on the other. Its engineering applications are innumerable, and include engine design, heat transfer, air conditioning and refrigeration, energy conversion, and more. For more than three decades, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics has served as the foundational introduction to this subject for students and interested readers. Now fully updated to incorporate the latest research and new pedagogical tools, it promises to continue as the field's indispensable survey.

Readers of the Eleventh Edition of Fundamentals of Thermodynamics will find:

• Detailed, step-by-step worked-through examples to facilitate learning
• New material on statistical thermodynamics and other burgeoning subjects
• An expansive collection of online resources including bonus chapters, additional problem sets, study problems, and more

Fundamentals of Thermodynamics is ideal for students and instructors in thermodynamics or engineering of thermodynamics at the intermediate or advanced undergraduate level.

Claus Borgnakke, PhD, is an Associate Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan. His research interests include spanned combusiton and turbulence modeling, pollutant formation, thermodynamic properties, compressible turbulence models, metal hydride heat pumps and hydrogen storage, and refrigerant properties. He has worked on numerous projects on combustion engines with the auto industry and the Department of Energy (DOE) on combustion and industrial energy related processes. He is a past recipient of the ASME James Harry Potter Gold Medal.

Textauszug

Preface

In this eleventh edition the basic objective of the earlier editions have been retained:

• to present a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of classical thermodynamics while retaining an engineering perspective, and in doing so
• to lay the groundwork for subsequent studies in such fields as fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and statistical thermodynamics, and also
• to prepare the student to effectively use thermodynamics in the practice of engineering.

The presentation is deliberately directed to students. New concepts and definitions are presented in the context where they are first relevant in a natural progression. The introduction has been reorganized with a very short introduction followed by the first thermodynamic properties to be defined (Chapter 1) which are those that can be readily measured: pressure, specific volume, and temperature. In Chapter 2, tables of thermodynamic properties are introduced, but only in regard to these measurable properties. Internal energy and enthalpy are introduced in connection with the energy equation and the first law, entropy with the second law, and the Helmholtz and Gibbs functions in the chapter on thermodynamic relations. Many real world realistic examples and contemporary topics have been included in the book to assist the student in gaining an understanding of thermodynamics, and the problems at the end of each chapter have been carefully sequenced to correlate with the subject matter, and are grouped and identified as such. The early chapters in particular contain a large number of examples, illustrations and problems, and throughout the book, the first set of homework problems are concept/study problems beyond the in‐text concept questions that should be of benefit to the students.

NEW FEATURES AND OVERALL BOOK ORGANIZATION

Chapter Reorganization and Revisions

The majority of the changes for the eleventh edition have been to streamline some of the presentations and to add some material for engineering applications. Material including derivations that contribute to the understanding of the subject have been left in the text.

Many of the examples have been shortened and they include the units and their conversions without being too repetitive in the presentation keeping the duplication of some examples to show the use of English units. The application sections in the end of the chapters have been expanded somewhat to emphasize the real world examples of devices and processes for which this subject is important in their analysis and design. Many of the early chapter examples have been revised to include more details of the solution such as interpolations, reference to tables and assumptions.

Chapter 1 still contains the most important concepts from physics and the concepts of the thermodynamic properties that describes the condition of the substance that is included in the analysis. To have the tools for the analysis the order of the presentation has been kept from the previous editions so the behavior of pure substances is presented in chapter 2 with a slight expansion and separation of the different domains for solid, liquid and gas phase behavior. Though the introduction of the property program CATT3 has been left out, the program is still available from Wiley’s web‐site that is related to this book.

Chapter 3 contains the first major change namely to include a description of the energy resources we consume and the typical energy conversions and storage that are used in modern societies. A short description of energy storage systems and materials have been extended with some property data presented in small tables that are only samples to keep the complexities and data volume to a minimum. This material is covered under applications in chapter 3 after the introduction of the energy equation. The following chapters deals with analysis of processes and devices which relates to this and also include a special section of the homework problems where appropriate. By highlighting this material early it can serve as a motivating factor to study the subsequent material where the use and need for the theory becomes evident.

The balance equations for mass, momentum, energy and entropy follow the same format to show the uniformity in the basic principles and make the concept something to be understood and not merely memorized. This is also the reason to use the name energy equation and entropy equation for the first and second law of thermodynamics to stress they are universally valid not just used in the field of thermodynamics, but apply to all situations and fields of study with no exceptions. Clearly, special cases requires extensions not covered in this text, but a few of these have been added in Chapter 12 together with the thermodynamic property relations and others in a new chapter 16 presenting an introduction to statistical thermodynamics.

The energy equation applied to a general control volume is retained from the previous edition that included a section with multi‐flow devices. Again this is done to reinforce to students that the analysis is done by applying the basic principles to systems under investigation. This means the actual mathematical form of the general laws follows the sketches and figures of the system and the analysis is not a question about finding a suitable formula in the text.

The historical development of the second law of thermodynamics in chapter 5 includes the in‐equality of Clausius. This chapter contains all the historical statements of the second law so chapter 6 exclusively deals with the entropy equation. To show the generality of the entropy equation a small example is written up applying the energy and entropy equations to heat engines and heat pumps so it can be demonstrated that the historical presentation of the second law in Chapter 5 can be completely substituted with the postulation of the entropy equation and the existence of the absolute temperature scale. Carnot cycle efficiencies and the fact that real devices have lower efficiency follows from the basic general laws. Also the direction of heat transfer from a higher temperature domain towards a lower temperature domain is predicted by the entropy equation due to the requirement of a positive entropy generation. These are examples that practice the application of the general laws for specific cases and improves the students understanding of the material.

The application section in chapter 7 has been expanded a little to include some description of intercoolers, re‐heaters and dual flow heat exchangers as a mean of energy conservation and efficiency improvements. The device efficiencies are also placed here as an application of the entropy equation and this whole section has about 30 homework problems associated with it. The general summary of the control volume analysis has been removed and will be available on‐line from Wiley’s book website.

Exergy in chapter 8 has been shortened to reduce the mathematical manipulation of the equations and a small application section with the second law efficiency for cycles have been added to illustrate an important aspect of its use. A more detailed discussion of this is now included as a separate section in Chapter 9. A concluding section in chapter 8 is made to illustrate how the exergy analysis should be used so it becomes less abstract and more accessible for the students.

Chapters 11‐15 have only minor changes as they are advanced subjects and they are only available through Wiley’s website for instructors.

Due to developments in small scale devices and processes we have a greater need for looking at physics on the smallest scales. This is inherently more complex and mathematical than our macroscopic theory and description of the classical thermodynamics. To give an impression that is better than a few words I have included a very short and condensed introduction to statistical thermodynamics in chapter 16. It is presented with simple examples of systems that give the essential ideas about distributions of energy of particles that are included in internal energy and other thermodynamic properties. Whereas the energy is related to the average of the individual particles energy, the entropy is related to the possible distributions which is how it relates to chaos. The theory is presented so it uses a minimum of quantum physics and mathematics but still shows how such a description can give the thermodynamic properties from the behavior of the atoms and molecules described by simple models.

Web‐Based Material

The following material will be accessible for students through the book companion Wiley website and additional material reserved for instructors of the course will also by at Wiley’s book companion site.

Notes for Classical Thermodynamics. A very short set of notes covers the basic thermodynamic analysis with the general laws (continuity, energy and entropy equations) and some of the specific laws like device equations, process equations, etc. This is useful for students doing review of the course or for exam preparation as it gives a comprehensive presentation in a condensed form. This includes the general control volume analysis and a short step by step procedure that was previously included in the book. The note also includes most of the formulas needed for the chapters 1‐10.

Extended set of Study Examples. This document includes an updated collection of additional examples for students to study. These...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 3.12.2024
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• ISBN-10: 1-394-21292-5 / 1394212925
• ISBN-13: 978-1-394-21292-7 / 9781394212927