Sustainable Mobility (eBook)

Policies, Challenges and Advancements

Ashwani Kumar, Arbind Prasad, Gaurav Kumar (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2024 | 1. Auflage
336 Seiten
Wiley-Scrivener (Verlag)
978-1-394-16681-7 (ISBN)

Infos

This book is essential for anyone interested in understanding and implementing sustainable transportation practices, as it provides comprehensive insights into the challenges, advancements, and policies related to sustainable mobility.

Sustainable transportation refers to any means of transportation that is 'green' and has a low impact on the environment. The goal of sustainable transportation is to balance our current and future needs. As per the United Nations Brundtland Commission (WCED, 1987), sustainable mobility can be defined as 'mobility that satisfies the needs of present generations without compromising future generations', but in the modern era, we are compromising the needs of the next generation in terms of pollution, depletion of fossil fuels, global warming, poor air quality, and hazardous gases. The three main pillars of sustainability, economics, environment, and social issues, are crushed by modern development, so there is a need to shift from traditional means of transportation to sustainable transportation.

Under the vision of sustainable mobility, better infrastructure and services will be provided to support the movement of goods and people. This outcome will be achieved only if four goals are pursued simultaneously: developing the right policy, building awareness, developing intelligent transportation, and creating green vehicles. Sustainable Mobility: Policies, Challenges and Advancements will discuss transitions from conventional to sustainable mobility, infrastructure development challenges in this transition period, new vehicle policies, and the latest autonomous vehicles for intelligent transportation. The main highlights of the book are energy efficient technologies for transportation, accessibility and safety of the transport system, environmental footprint, health impacts, economic development, and social growth. Sustainable mobility is essential to economic and social development.

The environmental impacts of transport can be reduced by reducing the weight of vehicles, creating sustainable styles of driving, reducing the friction of tires, encouraging electric and hybrid vehicles, improving the walking and cycling environment in cities, and enhancing the role of public transport, especially electric vehicles. Going green and sustainable is not only beneficial for the company, but it also maximizes the benefits of an environmental focus in the long term.

Ashwani Kumar, PhD, is a senior lecturer teaching Mechanical Engineering in the Technical Education Department, Uttar Pradesh, India. He has 12 years of research and academic experience in mechanical and materials engineering. Additionally, he has published 90 research articles in various journals, book chapters, and conferences and has authored, co-authored, or edited 16 books. He has participated as an invited speaker and served on the advisory and review boards for various international conferences, webinars, and workshops.

Arbind Prasad, PhD, is an assistant professor and department head in the Department of Science and Technology, Katihar Engineering College, Katihar, Bihar, India. He has filed four patents, as well as written ten international journal papers and edited four books, 11 book chapters, and 15 reputed conference papers. He has been invited to deliver talks at various organizations of repute and coordinated various faculty development programs, short term courses, symposiums, national seminars, workshops, and completed research projects sponsored by various government organizations in India.

Gaurav Kumar, PhD, is an assistant professor and department head in the Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bhagalpur, India. His current research interests include electric vehicles, rotor dynamics, and vibration analysis of electrical machines, particularly active magnetic bearings, induction machines, and switched reluctance motors. He has filed three Indian patents and published eight peer-reviewed journals and nine conference articles.

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Sustainable Mobility: Clean Energy Integration with Electric Vehicle Technology

Pranjal Barman1*, Lachit Dutta2, Sushanta Bordoloi3, Manash Pratim Sarma2, Anamika Kalita4, Swapna Bharali4 and Brian Azzopardi5

1Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-TIDF Division, Amingaon, Guwahati, Assam, India

2Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guwahati University, Guwahati, Assam, India

3Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Mizoram, Chaltlang, Aizawl, Mizoram, India

4Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advance Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India

5MCAST Energy Research Group, Institute of Engineering and Transport, Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology (MCAST), PLA, Paola, Malta

Abstract

With the escalating power crisis, burgeoning environmental awareness and harmful effects of climate change, several automotive industries are leading the way towards developing eco-friendly vehicular technologies that can curtail the carbon footprint. As a fruitful outcome, the research on pollution-free vehicle technology has taken on an unprecedented pace in academia and industry to accomplish these demands worldwide. This demand shifted from using conventional crude oil energy sources to alternative renewable power sources like solar photovoltaic, wind energy, bio-energies, etc. Moreover, a needed transition is indispensable with the emerging demand for viable clean energy technology. Furthermore, it is found that more than 14% of global greenhouse gas emission is from the transportation sector itself. Therefore, electrification of transportation and its integration with renewable resources opens up new possibilities to expand the research in several new directions. This paper discusses various opportunities to integrate Electric Vehicle technology with available renewable energy sources, its challenges, and the state-of-the-art methods available in the literature. More specifically, the article analyses the feasibility of Electric Vehicle technology and its integration with renewable resources to develop sustainable mobility.

Keywords: Electric vehicle, renewable resource, sustainable mobility, transportation

1.1 Introduction

With the continuous growth and development of countries in terms of infrastructure, automation, transportation and technology, an extensive quantity of harmful emissions is disseminated into the environment. Apart from the industrial pollutants, road transportation is also a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions that leads to global warming and climate change [1–5]. According to recent surveys, the transportation sector alone accounts for 25% of CO2 emission in European nations [6, 7]. In the United States, the figure is 32% [8]. The energy consumed in the transportation sector mostly comes from fossil fuel–based products. Consequently, the growing concern for environmental safety impacted the government’s policies for implementing low carbon measure resources [9]. This concern also led to massive capital investment in vehicular technology research and development. Several automotive industries are taking initiatives to manufacture eco-friendly vehicles, which may fulfill the requirements worldwide. These initiatives resulted in the deployment of intelligent transportation systems, advanced vehicular engineering and the utilization of alternative energy sources. The main objective behind using alternative sources is to enhance the decarbonization of the entire sector to achieve sustainable mobility [9].

Over the years, many research works have been devoted to adopting alternate fuel sources to reduce harmful emissions. The adoption of renewable resources as the primary energy source is one such measure. A significant concern is a power source that can replace Internal Combustion Engine–based Vehicles (ICEV) that use fossil fuel as a primary energy source. The technological shift towards Electric Vehicles (EVs) is booming in order to reduce the burden of emissions of ICEVs. Consequently, most developed nations have undertaken effective measures to curb the production of ICEVs and make a complete transition toward EVs [10]. All over the world, countries are adopting policies that encourage manufacturers to use alternative sources of power such as hydrogen, synthetic fuels, solar energy, bio-fuels, and, most preferably, lithium-ion batteries.

In the past decade, EVs have been gaining wide attention, mainly due to their negligible emission. However, the high penetration of EVs in transportation also creates an unprecedented rise in electricity demand, to be met by the power grid. With the ever-increasing EVs, there is a rise in the construction of charging stations, which on the other hand, might result in overloading the grid. Further, there is a wide variation in the total number of vehicles charging at any particular instant. This uncontrolled charge behavior creates a more significant strain on the power grid and will eventually damage the grid [11]. Precise charge management can be achieved by dint of strategic placement of the existing EV power stations, and a planned network for future charging stations [12, 13]. However, the continuous rise in the number of EVs and the sizeable geographical expansion of urban cities make it difficult for a single aggregator to optimize the scheduling process. Therefore, to achieve sustainable mobility, integrating renewable energy with technology could be considered an emerging movement in the modern-day transportation system. However, there is a gap in the existing literature about the integration of EVs with renewable resources and the charging infrastructure. Therefore, in this article, we try to bridge the gap by providing a systematic investigation of the EVs integrated with various promising renewable resources for sustainable mobility to reduce air pollution due to road transportation.

1.2 Transportation and Carbon Emission

The fundamental criteria of a sustainable transport ecosystem should be convenient, affordable, accessible, reliable and safe [14]. Transportation is key to the economic development of a country. It continuously grows with the advancement of urbanization and the ever-growing service sector. A country with a population as large as 1.3 billion provides tremendous market access around the globe. However, the penetrations of the vehicle are yet not mature, which is around 30 per 1,000 people [15]. Over the next few years, Indian mobility market share may become significant in the global market. The predominant commercial vehicle base in India is ICE technology [16]. Despite the advancement of fuel-efficient and cleaner vehicles, the government has adopted strict emission norms for the incremental improvement of environmental safety. In European nations, a significant one-fifth of the total CO2 emission is contributed by road transportation alone. Light-duty vehicles generate 15% of emissions, whereas heavy-duty vehicles account for 25% of the emission. These nations have planned to regulate the greenhouse gas concentration of vehicle fuels and initiated a transition towards transportation electrification [17, 18]. Germany also faced a similar threat from the transportation sector. As per the report obtained from the Federal Republic of Germany, the proportion of CO2 emissions is not less than 20%. Germany promoted electric mobility for diverse reasons [19]. Another country, Malta, has formulated a holistic approach to reach these objectives [20]. Furthermore, the continuous depletion of fossil fuel makes it more expensive. Moreover, by considering air pollution as the biggest concern, the electrification of the transport sector can improve environmental safety and establish sustainable mobility soon.

1.3 Transportation Electrification

The growth of the transportation industry has a crucial role in accelerating the socioeconomic growth of the world. Presently, ICEVs come up with a wide variety of models ranging from small-size personal cars to heavy-duty vehicles [21]. The modern ICEVs have emerged with excellent performance at a reasonable price range, making them the most attractive consumer product. As per the existing literature the efficiency of the combustion process to mechanical energy conversion is about 30% [22]. The combustion process’s effect is even worse as it releases the exhaust gases, primarily carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide is the main gas responsible for the greenhouse effect and some other adverse effects on the environment. Furthermore, the distribution of engine noise is another issue for ICEVs in big cities [23]. The biggest issue above all is the continuous depletion of fossil fuels of the limited reserve in the world. Therefore, unlike combustion engines, electric motors could perform much better in the propulsion of vehicles. The electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Consequently, this also resolves the issues of harmful gas emission and noise problems that ICEVs create. Electric vehicles emerged into public transport as early as the mid-19th century, even before gasoline-powered vehicles. More than 38% of commercial automobiles were electric-powered [22]. However, the invention of the starter motor, advancement of gas-powered vehicle manufacturing, and inconvenient battery...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 7.11.2024
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• ISBN-10: 1-394-16681-8 / 1394166818
• ISBN-13: 978-1-394-16681-7 / 9781394166817