Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials Based Polymer Nanocomposites (eBook)

Processing, Properties and Applications

Kalim Deshmukh, Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, Mayank Pandey (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2024
1601 Seiten
Wiley (Verlag)
978-1-119-90509-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites

This book presents an extensive discussion on fundamental chemistry, classifications, structure, unique properties, and applications of various 2D nanomaterials.

The advent of graphene in 2004 has brought tremendous attention to two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. Lately, this has prompted researchers to explore new 2D nanomaterials for cutting-edge research in diverse fields. Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) represent a fascinating group of novel materials that exhibit intriguing properties. The unique combination of polymer and nanomaterial not only overcomes the limitations of polymer matrices, but also changes their structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties thereby broadening their application potential.

The book, comprising 22 chapters, provides a unique and detailed study of the process involved in the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials, modification strategies of 2D nanomaterials, and numerous applications of 2D nanomaterials-based polymer nanocomposites. The book also emphasizes the existing challenges in the functionalization and exfoliation of 2D nanomaterials as well as the chemical, structural, electrical, thermal, mechanical, and biological properties of 2D nanomaterials-based polymer nanocomposites.

The key features of this book are:

• Provides fundamental information and a clear understanding of synthesis, processing methods, structure and physicochemical properties of 2D materials-based polymer nanocomposites;
• Presents a comprehensive review of several recent accomplishments and key scientific and technological challenges in developing 2D materials-based polymer nanocomposites;
• Explores various processing and fabrication methods and emerging applications of 2D materials-based polymer nanocomposites.

Audience

Engineers and polymer scientists in the electrical, coatings, and biomedical industries will find this book very useful. Advanced students in materials science and polymer science will find it a fount of information.

Mayank Pandey, PhD, works in the Department of Electronics, Kristu Jayanti College, Hennur, Bengaluru. He completed a PhD on 'Preparation of polymer electrolyte for electrochemical device applications.' He has an experimental background in synthesizing graphene quantum dots-based polymeric composites. Aside from his research, Pandey contributes to the development of new synthesis approaches in the field of nanocarbon derivatives. He has published more than 30 research articles in peer-reviewed high-impact journals.

Kalim Deshmukh, PhD, is a senior researcher at the New Technologies Research Center, University of West Bohemia, Plzen, Czech Republic. He has over 18 years of research experience in the synthesis, characterization and investigations of structure-property relationships of a wide variety of polymeric materials, polymer blends and nanocomposites for various technological applications. He has published numerous research articles in peer-reviewed international journals and several book chapters.

Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, PhD, is an adjunct professor and director of laboratories in the Department of Chemistry & Environmental Sciences at New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, United States. Dr. Hussain is the author of numerous papers in peer-reviewed journals as well as a prolific author and editor of around 150 books, including scientific monographs and handbooks in his research areas.

Textauszug

1
Introduction to Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Discovery, Types and Classifications, Structure, Unique Properties, and Applications

Ishrat Fatma1, Humira Assad1 and Ashish Kumar2*

1Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

2Nalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Department of Science, Technology and Technical Education, Government of Bihar, India

Abstract

In recent years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have advanced at a breakneck pace. The micro- to nanoscale reduction in particle diameter and tweaking of particle shape in materials result in unique characteristics and can be used in a variety of applications. Converting nanoscale components and entities into functionally distinct materials and technologies has newly gained popularity as a nanoarchitectonics method. Nanoarchitectonics in two dimensions has advanced significantly in recent years. Because of their large surface areas, 2D nanomaterials have become a popular topic for a diversity of surface-active applications. The increased demand for unconventional energy generation has spurred the coherent scheme and manufacture of 2D nanomaterials from the time when graphene was discovered. Hence, 2D nanomaterials have turned up to be a crucial class of nanomaterials for technology improvement because of their outstanding physiochemical properties. The multilayer architecture of these nanomaterials has robust in-plane bonding and moderate van der Waals within strata. These substances are being recommended for novel uses in energy, health, and the environment, all of which are critical societal sectors for long-term sustainability. Moreover, 2D nanomaterials counting graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, black phosphorus, and metal dichalcogenides have received huge consideration in present times because of their attractive characteristics and widespread usage in electronic goods, optoelectronic devices, photocatalysts, energy warehousing facilities, detectors, solar cells, lithium batteries, composite materials, and other fields. As a result, the objective of this book chapter is to present an overview of 2D nanomaterials, including their discovery, classification, structural modifications, and properties. Furthermore, based on the current knowledge, the uses of 2D nanomaterials are also discussed briefly.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, 2D nanomaterials, graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs)

1.1 Introduction

In recent times, nanotechnology has become a very popular area of research. It was the year 1959 when Nobel laureate Richard P. Feynman introduced nanotechnology in his very prominent lecture on “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” [1]. Nanoscience is responsible for producing different types of materials at nanoscale. Nanoparticle is a very broad category of tiny materials possessing a size less than 100 nm [2, 3]. Nanomaterials are generally classified into four different types based on their dimensions, which include (i) Zero-dimensional (0D), (ii) One-dimensional (1D), (iii) Two-dimensional (2D), and (iv) Three-dimensional (3D). 0D nanomaterials include those whose all dimensions are estimated inside the nanoscale, i.e., <100 nm. These may be cubical, spherical, or polygonal in shape. Some common examples include metallic nanomaterials, quantum dots, nano-onions, etc. 1D nanomaterials are those whose one of its dimensions is greater than the nanoscale (minute). Some common examples include carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nanowires, etc. 2D nanomaterials are those whose two of its dimensions are greater than the nanoscale. Some common examples include graphene, nanolayers, nanocoatings, etc. 3D nanomaterials are those in which none of its dimensions is confined to the nanoscale. Some common examples include bulk powders, bundles of nanowires, etc. [4]. Out of several types of nanomaterials, 2D nanomaterials are recognized as the thinnest nanomaterial because of their dimensions and thickness according to the nanoscale as illustrated in Figure 1.1. 2D nanomaterials are amorphous as well as crystalline in nature. These are composed of many chemicals surrounded by a matrix-like substance such as metal or polymer. Nowadays, 2D nanomaterials have achieved great importance in terms of research as a result of their unique properties including electrical, mechanical, magnetic, optical, and piezoelectric properties, aside from their lubricant properties. A lot of work has been done so far and additional work is required in order to unveil various other properties, which would enable their use in various other fields of research.

Figure 1.1 2D nanomaterials.

Several years back, scientists supposed that 2D nanomaterials could not subsist in natural surroundings because of their ecological instability. However, currently, about 700 2D materials have been predicted theoretically, even though many of them are not created yet. The preliminary studies on germanene as well as silicene were done in 1994, 10 years earlier than graphene, which was discovered in 2004. For this great achievement, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov received the Nobel Prize in 2010 [5]. In 1962, Boehm gave the suffix “ene” to the foils of carbon, which contain only one layer. In 1991, the outcomes associated to nanotubes of carbon were firstly informed. These outcomes drove enormous numbers of research reassuring the researchers to create 1D nanoribbon or isolate the 2D graphite from the 2D crystals. The detection of graphene made investigators to shift to examine and produce some non-carbon-based 2D nanomaterials. After that, various other nanomaterials were identified, out of which the researchers were firstly attracted towards TMDs because of their exceptional electronic features. They possess excellent flexibility as well as high transparency. Since TMDs behave just like semiconductors, they are mostly used in numerous electrical appliances like transistors, Li-ion batteries, etc. Thereafter, MXene was discovered in 2011 and was called Ti3C2Tx. Later, an allotrope of carbon known as silicene was discovered with opposite properties to that of graphene. Their properties mainly depend on the type of the substrate used. It was the year 2014 when graphene was discovered by Guy Le Lay. Work is still ongoing to discover various other 2D nanomaterials. Recently, different types of (2D) nanomaterials have been produced such as nano-plates, nano-walls, nano-prisms, etc. These nanomaterials (2D) possess a layered configuration along with strong in-plane bonds as well as van der Waals forces in between these layers. At present, 2D nanomaterials such as graphene, h-BN etc., have received plenty of recognition because of their unique properties as well as extensive applications in electronics, lithium batteries, catalysts, solar cells, composites, etc.

1.2 Types of Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials or Particles

2D nanoparticles are of different types, which include carbon-based nanomaterials like graphene, black phosphorus, transition metal oxides, hexagonal boron nitride, etc. In order to determine their various properties/features and applications, 2D nanomaterials are generally classified into three different classes: (i) layered van der Waals solids, (ii) layered ionic solids, and (iii) surface-assisted non-layered solids [6] as illustrated in Figure 1.2.

1.2.1 Layered van der Waals Solids

These are considered as one of the most important types of 2D nanomaterials, which possess strong in-plane bonding (covalent/ionic), as well as weak out-of-plane van der Waals bonding among the layers. It is this weak van der Waals bonding along with surface tension that is responsible for the exploitation of graphite nanosheets by using micromechanical and liquid exfoliation [7, 8]. The length and thickness of these nanosheets are always in μm and <1 nm, respectively. Exfoliation of these nanosheets causes an increase in surface tension as well as in aspect ratio. Transition metal dichalcogenides also known as TMDs are commonly used complexes for studying layered van der Waals solids like MoS2. About 40 TMDs have been explored so far bearing layered structure. Because of their unique exotic characteristics, these materials are used in semi-conducting and thermoelectrical devices [9, 10].

Figure 1.2 Types of 2D nanomaterials.

1.2.2 Layered Ionic Solids

These are also an important type of 2D nanomaterials, which consist of polyhedral layers (charged) inserted in the middle of hydroxide or halide layers through various electrostatic interactions. The exfoliation of these materials is done through various exchange methods including ion exchange and ion exchange liquid exfoliation mode. Moreover, adsorption of heavy material in addition to interchange of native ions with tedious ions is responsible for increasing the line gaps between the basal planes, due to which the bonding strength of these basal planes decreases. Europium hydroxide is considered as one of the best-layered ionic solids. Other examples include perovskite oxides such as K1.5Eu0.5Ta3O10 and metal oxides like Eu(OH)2.5(DS)0.5 that are exfoliated by using the ion exchange method [11, 12].

1.2.3 Surface-Assisted Non-Layered Solids

These kinds of two-dimensional nanomaterials are manufactured effectively either by using epitaxial growth or by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. One of the best examples of such type is...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 21.5.2024
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: 2D Nanomaterials • Graphene • graphene functionalization • Graphene nanosheets • Graphene oxide • Graphene Quantum Dots • Hexagonal Boron Nitride • Layered Double Hydroxides • Metal-Organic Frameworks • Nanoclay • Nanocomposites • Polymer Nanocomposites • Reduced graphene oxide • Transition metal dichalcogenides • Transition Metal oxides
• ISBN-10: 1-119-90509-5 / 1119905095
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-90509-7 / 9781119905097