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Essential Methods of Instrumental Analysis - Frank M. Dunnivant, Jake W. Ginsbach

Essential Methods of Instrumental Analysis

Buch | Hardcover
384 Seiten
2024
John Wiley & Sons Inc (Verlag)
978-1-394-22671-9 (ISBN)
CHF 174,55 inkl. MwSt
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Intuitively organized textbook aligned to common analytical instrumentation courses for undergraduate students

Through an analytical approach, Essential Methods of Instrumental Analysis provides an expansive overview of common instruments and methods and their applications for undergraduate students, integrating experimental protocols with real result examples to deliver a well-rounded understanding of the inner workings of the instruments and enabling students to evaluate the success of their experiments and create scientific figures.

In addition to detailed coverage of specific instruments, the book discusses analytical laboratory practices, instrument maintenance, statistics, and real-world lab experiments with previous student results. Each analytical method section includes extensive sample preparation information, rather than a simple stand-alone chapter offering generic discussions not connected to specific methods.

This book conveniently organizes content by analyte class (inorganic and organic) in a way that is intuitive to a student and aligned with relevant courses. Ancillaries including .mp4 videos, instructor PowerPoint slides, and animations are included on a companion website.

Written by an experienced professor and tested and refined over years in his courses since 2008, Essential Methods of Instrumental Analysis includes information on sample topics such as:



Proper laboratory protocols for analytical instrumentation, covering chemical reagents, glassware, calibration techniques, and figures of merit
Optical physics, covering the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with instrument components and sample molecules, relaxation processes, reflection, diffraction, dispersion, and refraction
Flame atomic absorption and flame emission spectrometry, covering optical radiation sources, mirrors, choppers, burner heads, and doppler broadening
Gas and liquid chromatography, covering gaseous, liquid, soil-sediment, and biological samples, analyte recovery, chromatography theory, injectors, columns and ovens, common detectors, and mass spectrometers

Focusing on contrasts and comparisons across multiple types of instruments in a way distinct from similar texts, Essential Methods of Instrumental Analysis is an essential textbook for students in advanced undergraduate courses in related programs of study.

Frank M. Dunnivant, PhD is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry at Whitman College. He has worked for several labs including the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, and the University of Zurich (ETH) and the Swiss Federal Institute for Water and Waste Water Pollution (EAWAG). Jake W. Ginsbach, PhD is a Principal Consultant at Kaiser Permanente. At Stanford and Whitman College, his research included lab analyses of environmental chemicals and contaminants, studying the activation of dioxygen at copper active sites in metalloenzymes, along with helping develop two e-textbooks.

About the Authors xv

Preface xix

About the Companion Website xxi

1 Proper Laboratory Protocols for Analytical Instrumentation 1

1.1 Laboratory Preliminaries 1

1.2 Standard Practices 11

1.3 Questions 13

1.4 Problems 14

2 Statistical Analysis 17

2.1 Introduction 17

2.2 Linear Least-squares Analysis 18

2.3 Student’s t-test Equations 20

2.4 Assignments 24

Further Reading 24

3 A Review of Optical Physics 25

3.1 Introduction 25

3.2 Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Sample Molecules 26

3.3 Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Surfaces 32

3.4 Detectors in UV–visible Spectrometry 41

3.5 Summary 48

Reference 49

3.6 Questions 49

Supporting Information 51

4 Analytical Molecular Spectrometry 53

4.1 Introduction 53

4.2 Basic UV–Vis Spectrometer 53

4.3 From Simple to Complex UV–Visible Spectrometers 54

4.4 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Instruments 55

4.5 Instrument Maintenance 57

4.6 Summary 57

4.7 Case Study: Quantitation of Riboflavin by UV–Vis and Fluorescence Spectrometry by Nate Boland 60

5 Flame Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectrometry 61

5.1 Introduction and History of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) 61

5.2 Components of a Flame Atomic Absorption/Emission Spectrometer System 61

5.3 Specialized Sample Introduction Techniques and Analysis 73

5.4 General Operation of FAAS and FAES Instruments 76

5.5 Maintenance 76

5.6 Summary 76

5.7 Questions 77

Supporting Information 78

6 Inductively Coupled Plasma 79

6.1 Introduction and History 79

6.2 Atomic Emission Spectrometry Theory 79

6.3 Components of an Inductively Coupled Plasma: Atomic Emission Spectrometry System (ICP–AES) 80

6.4 Interferences 90

6.5 Maintenance 90

6.6 Case Study: Quantitation of Heavy Metals in Consumer Products by Dan Burgard 90

6.7 Summary 91

6.8 Questions 92

Supporting Information 92

References 93

7 Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry 95

7.1 Introduction and History 95

7.2 Components of a Mass Spectrometer 95

7.3 Summary 112

7.4 Questions 113

Supporting Information 115

Reference 115

Further Reading 115

8 Contrasts and Comparisons of Instrumentation 117

8.1 Introduction 117

8.2 Figures of Merit 117

8.3 Questions 120

9 Chromatography Introduction, Chromatography Theory, and Instrument Calibration 121

9.1 Introduction 121

9.2 Chromatographic Theory 122

9.3 Case Study 129

9.4 Optimization of Chromatographic Conditions 131

9.5 Calibration of an Instrument/Detector 133

9.6 Evolution of Peak Integration 135

Supporting Information 136

References 136

10 Gas Chromatography 137

10.1 Introduction and History 137

10.2 Types of Samples and Sample Introduction 137

10.3 Gas Chromatography 143

10.4 Advanced GC Systems 152

10.5 Applications/Case Studies 152

10.6 Summary 160

10.7 Questions 161

Supporting Information 162

Reference 162

11 High-performance Liquid Chromatography 163

11.1 Introduction and History 163

11.2 Types of Analytes, Samples, and Sample Introduction 165

11.3 Liquid Chromatography 166

11.4 Advanced and Specialty LC Systems 173

11.5 Applications/Case Studies 177

11.6 Summary 180

11.7 Questions 180

Supporting Information 182

References 182

12 Capillary Electrophoresis by Nicole James 185

12.1 Introduction 185

12.2 Electrophoresis and Capillary Electrophoresis 185

12.3 Samples 190

12.4 Methods of Operation 192

12.5 Detectors 195

12.6 Application/Case Studies 199

12.7 Summary 202

References 202

13 Mass Spectrometry 203

13.1 Introduction and History 203

13.2 Sample Introduction from GC and Analyte Ionization 204

13.3 Introduction of Samples from HPLC 210

13.4 Introduction of Samples from a Capillary Electrophoresis System 214

13.5 Common Mass Filters (Mass Analyzers) 216

13.6 Ion Detectors 238

13.7 Three-dimensional Aspects of GC–MS 239

13.8 Summary 239

13.9 Questions 240

Supporting Information 242

References 242

Further Reading 242

14 Fragmentation and Interpretation of Spectra 245

14.1 Introduction 245

14.2 Creation of the Spectra 246

14.3 Identifying the Molecular Ion Peak 247

14.4 Use of the Molecular Ion 249

14.5 Identification of Analytes Using Isotopic Ratios 252

14.6 Fragmentation 255

14.7 Rearrangements 257

14.8 Identification of Compounds 257

14.9 Fragmentation of Hydrocarbons 258

14.10 Fragmentation of Alcohols 262

14.11 Fragmentation of Ketones and Aldehydes 265

14.12 Fragmentation of Carboxylic Acids 270

14.13 Fragmentation of Ethers 271

14.14 Fragmentation of Esters 273

14.15 Fragmentation of Amines 276

14.16 Fractionation of Amides 278

14.17 Fragmentation of Nitriles 279

14.18 Reviewing General Principles 280

14.19 Searchable Databases 284

15 Common Radiochemical Detection Methods in Analytical Chemistry 285

15.1 Introduction 285

15.2 Common Sources of Radiation 285

15.3 Detection of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Emission 286

15.4 Case Studies 290

Reference 290

16 Instrumental Laboratory Experiments with Results 291

16.1 Introduction 291

16.2 A Typical Glassware Inventory for an Instrumental Methods Course 291

16.3 Maintaining a Legally Defensible Laboratory Notebook 291

16.4 Solutions, Weights, and Laboratory Techniques 293

16.5 Determination of a Surrogate Toxic Metal (Ca) in a Simulated Hazardous Waste Sample by a Variety of Techniques 295

16.6 Identification of Components in Liquors and Distilled Spirits 306

16.7 Identification of Fragrances 311

16.8 GC–MS Analysis of Synthetic and Natural Fragrances by Evan Bowman, Annika Mayo, and Aurora Anderson 316

16.9 SPME–GC–MS Analysis of Wine Headspace by Bailey Arend 324

16.10 Quantitative Determination of the Presence of Captan on Organic and Nonorganic Strawberries by Peter Mullin, Eric Ying, Jon Na, Sharon Ndayambaje, and Soren Sandeno 330

16.11 Determination of Nicotine in Human Urine Using HPLC–MS by Ashley Nguyen, Lea Molacek, Maxwell Brown 333

16.12 Analysis of Caffeine in Urine Samples Using GC–FID by Elsa Nader, Ralph Huang, Aaron Lieberman, Jane Duncan, and Matt Sousa 336

16.13 Caffeine in the Walla Walla (WA) Wastewater Effluent by MacKenzie Cummings, Mia Groff, Roya Nasseri, Noah Willis, and Clara Wheeler 338

16.14 Gasoline Analysis by GC–FID and GC–MS by Theodore Pierce and Austin Shaff 340

16.15 GC–MS as an Effective Instrument for Detecting Cocaine on US Currency by Jessica Boyers and Kacey Godwin 343

16.16 Analytical Quantification of CBD-A Content in Cannabis sativa (Hemp) Using GC–FID and GC–MS by Lauren Yumibe, Sam Weiss, Maddie Bowers, Tori Li, Asher Bachtold, and Brandon Neifert 347

16.17 Results and Discussion 349

16.18 Conclusions 350

References 351

Further Reading 354

Index 357

Erscheinungsdatum
Verlagsort New York
Sprache englisch
Maße 183 x 254 mm
Gewicht 975 g
Themenwelt Naturwissenschaften Chemie Analytische Chemie
Naturwissenschaften Chemie Technische Chemie
Technik
ISBN-10 1-394-22671-3 / 1394226713
ISBN-13 978-1-394-22671-9 / 9781394226719
Zustand Neuware
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