Mechanical Behavior and Fracture of Engineering Materials (eBook)

Jorge Luis González-Velázquez (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2019 | 1st ed. 2020
XI, 244 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-030-29241-6 (ISBN)

Infos

This book presents the theoretical concepts of stress and strain, as well as the strengthening and fracture mechanisms of engineering materials in an accessible level for non-expert readers, but without losing scientific rigor. This volume fills the gap between the specialized books on mechanical behavior, physical metallurgy and material science and engineering books on strength of materials, structural design and materials failure. Therefore it is intended for college students and practicing engineers that are learning for the first time the mechanical behavior and failure of engineering materials or wish to deepen their understanding on these topics.

The book includes specific topics seldom covered in other books, such as: how to determine a state of stress, the relation between stress definition and mechanical design, or the theory behind the methods included in industrial standards to assess defects or to determine fatigue life. The emphasis is put into the link between scientific knowledge and practical applications, including solved problems of the main topics, such as stress and strain calculation. Mohr's Circle, yield criteria, fracture mechanics, fatigue and creep life prediction. The volume covers both the original findings in the field of mechanical behavior of engineering materials, and the most recent and widely accepted theories and techniques applied to this topic. At the beginning of some selected topics that by the author's judgement are transcendental for this field of study, the prime references are given, as well as a brief biographical semblance of those who were the pioneers or original contributors. Finally, the intention of this book is to be a textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses on Mechanical Behavior, Mechanical Metallurgy and Materials Science, as well as a consulting and/or training material for practicing engineers in industry that deal with mechanical design, materials selection, material processing, structural integrity assessment, and for researchers that incursion for the first time in the topics covered in this book.

Jorge Luis Gonzalez-Velazquez, Ph.D. is a Professor of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering at the Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) in Mexico and founder and Director of the Pipeline Integrity Assessment Group.  Dr. Gonzalez-Velazquez has published over 160 scholarly papers and authored the books, Mecanica de Fractura (first ed. '98, now in third ed.), Metalurgia Mecanica ('99), both published by Limusa-Noriega, Mexico, and Fractography and Failure Analysis by Spriger Nature in 2018. In 2007, the President of Mexico presented him the Lazaro Cardenas Award, which is conferred upon IPN's most outstanding professor and researcher; he also received the 2007 Outstanding Alumnus Award and the 2008 Academy of Distinguished Enginners & Hall of Fame, both by the University of Connecticut. He has directed over 110 research projects and performed thousands of design, structural integrity and failure analysis consulting services for the industry and owns a number of patents.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 8
About the Author 11
1 Stress 12
Abstract 12
1.1 Mechanical Behavior and Engineering Materials 12
1.2 Definition of Stress 15
1.3 Mechanical Behavior in Uniaxial Tension 18
1.4 Mechanical Design by the Stress Definition 22
1.5 The Stress Tensor 24
1.6 Non-uniform Stress Distribution 31
1.7 Stress Transformation and the Mohr’s Circle 33
1.8 Yield Criteria 44
1.9 Stress Concentration 51
2 Strain 54
Abstract 54
2.1 Definition of Strain 54
2.2 Elastic Stress-Strain Relations 62
2.3 Constitutive Equations for Non-isotropic Elastic Materials (Elastic Anisotropy) 65
2.4 Plasticity 69
2.5 Real Stress and Strain 76
2.6 Plastic Stress-Strain Relations 79
2.7 Numeric Analysis of Stress and Strain 80
2.8 Experimental Measurement of Stress and Strain 84
2.9 Hardness 88
3 Plastic Deformation Mechanisms 92
Abstract 92
3.1 Crystalline Defects and Deformation Mechanisms 92
3.2 Definition of Cold and Hot Work 94
3.3 Deformation by Dislocation Slip 96
3.4 Direct Observation of Dislocations 105
3.5 Slip Modes 107
3.6 Deformation by Twinning 111
4 Strengthening Mechanisms 114
Abstract 114
4.1 Strengthening of Engineering Materials 114
4.2 Strain Hardening 115
4.3 Grain Boundary Strengthening 119
4.4 Solute Strengthening (Solid Solution) 124
4.5 Second Phase Strengthening 127
4.6 Fine Particle Strengthening 133
4.7 Upper Yield Strength and Strain Aging 138
4.8 Martensite Hardening in Steels 140
5 Mechanical Behavior of Composites and Polymers 145
Abstract 145
5.1 Fundamentals of Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials 145
5.2 Mechanical Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Composites 147
5.3 Mechanical Behavior of Polymers 154
5.4 Mechanical Behavior of Elastomers 160
5.5 Failure Mechanisms of Polymers 162
Reference 164
6 Fracture 165
Abstract 165
6.1 Basic Concepts of Fracture 165
6.2 Static Fracture Mechanisms 167
6.3 Fracture Mechanics 169
6.4 Fracture Toughness 179
6.5 Structural Integrity 186
6.6 The Charpy Impact Test 191
References 196
7 Fatigue 197
Abstract 197
7.1 Definition and History of Fatigue 197
7.2 Fatigue Fracture 202
7.3 Mechanical Characterization of Fatigue 206
7.4 Factors Affecting Fatigue 212
7.5 Cyclic Strain Behavior 215
7.6 Fatigue Life 219
7.7 The Universal Slopes Method of Fatigue 225
7.8 Fatigue Crack Growth 228
References 233
8 High Temperature Mechanical Behavior 234
Abstract 234
8.1 High Temperature Deformation 234
8.2 Secondary Creep 238
8.3 Creep Life Prediction 240
8.4 Deformation Mechanisms in Creep 243
8.5 Creep Fracture 245
8.6 High Temperature Materials 249
8.7 Superplastic Behavior 250
References 253

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 29.8.2019
• Reihe/Serie: Structural Integrity
• Reihe/Serie: Structural Integrity
• Zusatzinfo: XI, 244 p. 252 illus., 73 illus. in color.
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik ► Statistik
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik ► Wahrscheinlichkeit / Kombinatorik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Creep Mechanics • fatigue and fracture • fracture mechanics • Mechanics of Materials • Strain • Strengthening • Stress
• ISBN-10: 3-030-29241-X / 303029241X
• ISBN-13: 978-3-030-29241-6 / 9783030292416