Extrusion Bioprinting of Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications (eBook)

Daniel X. B. Chen (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2018
XI, 171 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-030-03460-3 (ISBN)

Infos

This book introduces readers to the theory and practice of extrusion bio-printing of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The author emphasizes the fundamentals and practical applications of extrusion bio-printing to scaffold fabrication, in a manner particularly suitable for those who wish to master the subject matter and apply it to real tissue engineering applications. Readers will learn to design, fabricate, and characterize tissue scaffolds to be created by means of extrusion bio-printing technology.

Dr. Chen is a Professor with the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Saskatchewan (U of S), Canada. He is also the leader of Tissue Engineering Research Group at the U of S, which consists of researchers spanning both engineering and life sciences, with a long-term goal of developing advanced technologies for the production of various scaffold-guided tissue or organ substitutes. Dr. Chen is a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada (FEIC), Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering (FCSME), and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (FASME). He is the recipient of several awards in recognition of his research excellence, including the 2016 Achievement Award from Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation. He is also the recipient of the Educator of the Year 2007 from the Saskatoon Engineering Society.

Dr. Chen received his Ph.D. degree from the U of S in 2002 and then worked with Queen's University, Canada, as a postdoctoral fellow (PDF). In 2003 he was appointed as an Assistant Professor with the UofS, where he was promoted to an Associate Professor and a full Professor in 2007 and 2010, respectively. Dr. Chen's research interests include Tissue Engineering, Scaffold Bio-fabrication, and Mechatronics. His research has been supporting by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation (SHRF), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in the areas of biomedical engineering and mechanical engineering.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 8
1 Extrusion Bioprinting of Scaffolds: An Introduction 11
1.1 Introduction 11
1.2 Scaffold Fabrication 14
1.2.1 Traditional Techniques 15
1.2.2 Electrospinning 16
1.2.3 3D Printing 17
1.3 Extrusion Bioprinting of Scaffolds 19
1.4 Advantages/Disadvantages of Extrusion Bioprinting and Recent Achievements 21
References 23
2 Scaffold Design 24
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 General Requirements of Tissue Scaffolds 25
2.2.1 Architectural Properties 25
2.2.2 Mechanical Properties 27
2.2.3 Biological Properties 30
2.3 Scaffold Design Process 30
2.3.1 Understanding the Composition and Organization of Tissue/Organs 31
2.3.2 Designing Scaffolds with Appropriate Architectures 31
2.3.3 Selection of Biomaterials/Cells 33
2.4 Typical Scaffold Designs for Bioprinting 35
References 39
3 Biomaterials for Bioprinting 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Important Properties of Biomaterials for Bioprinting 42
3.2.1 Printability 42
3.2.2 Cross-linking Mechanisms 44
3.2.3 Biological Properties 45
3.2.4 Mechanical Properties 46
3.3 Biomaterials for Bioprinting 47
3.3.1 Natural Hydrogels 47
3.3.2 Synthetic Hydrogels 52
3.3.3 Composite Hydrogels 53
References 55
4 Mechanical Properties of Native Tissues and Scaffolds 57
4.1 Introduction 57
4.2 Mechanical Testing Methods 58
4.2.1 Basics of Mechanical Testing 58
4.2.2 Tensile and Compressive Testing 61
4.2.3 Bending Tests 66
4.2.4 Torsion Tests 69
4.2.5 Creep and Relaxation Testing 71
4.2.6 Dynamic Testing 72
4.3 Mechanical Property Measurements of Native Tissues and Scaffolds 74
4.3.1 Influence of Temperature and Humidity 75
4.3.2 Effect of Boundary Conditions on Stress Uniformity Within a Sample 75
4.3.3 Directional Dependency of Material Properties 76
4.3.4 Case Studies—Measurement of Mechanical Properties 77
4.4 Mechanical Properties of Scaffolds 83
4.4.1 Influence of Scaffold Structure 83
4.4.2 Influence of Scaffold Materials 84
4.4.3 Time-Dependent Mechanical Properties 87
4.5 Methods to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Scaffolds 88
4.5.1 Use of Composite Materials 88
4.5.2 Addition of Fillers 90
4.5.3 Hybrid Structures 91
References 97
5 Preparation of Scaffold Solutions and Characterization of Their Flow Behavior 99
5.1 Introduction 99
5.2 Preparation of Scaffold Solutions 100
5.2.1 Basics of Solution Preparation 100
5.2.2 Solutions with Living Cells 103
5.2.3 Solutions Without Living Cells 103
5.3 Flow Behavior Characterization of Scaffold Solutions 104
5.3.1 Flow Behavior and Its Classification 104
5.3.2 Flow Behavior Models 108
5.4 Techniques to Characterize Flow Behavior 111
5.4.1 Capillary Rheometer 111
5.4.2 Cone-and-Plate Rheometer 114
5.4.3 Parallel Plate Rheometer 115
5.4.4 Oscillatory Shear Measurements 116
5.5 Key Factors for Controling the Flow Behavior of Printed Solutions 117
5.5.1 Influence of Material Concentration 117
5.5.2 Influence of Temperature 118
5.5.3 Influence of Cell Density 119
References 122
6 Extrusion Bioprinting of Scaffolds 124
6.1 Introduction 124
6.2 Basics of Extrusion-Based Bioprinting Systems 125
6.3 The Extrusion-Based Bioprinting Process 126
6.3.1 Flow Rate of Bioink Printed 126
6.3.2 Influence of Needle Movement in the X–Y Plane 131
6.3.3 Influence of Needle Movement in the Z Direction 133
6.3.4 Cross-linking in Bioprinting 134
6.3.5 Techniques to Characterize Scaffold Pores and Porosity 135
6.4 Cell Damage and Cell Viability in Bioprinting 137
6.4.1 Bioprinting Process-Induced Mechanical Forces 138
6.4.2 Cell Damage Due to Mechanical Forces 141
6.4.3 Characterization of Cell Damage During Bioprinting 142
6.4.4 Techniques for Cell Viability Measurements 144
6.5 Advanced Extrusion-Based Bioprinting Techniques 145
6.5.1 Multiple-Dispenser Bioprinting 145
6.5.2 Coaxial Bioprinting 146
6.5.3 Hybrid Bioprinting 147
References 151
7 Bioprinting Vascular Networks in Scaffolds 153
7.1 Introduction 153
7.2 Blood Vessels and Formation 154
7.3 Bioprinting Vascular Networks 158
7.3.1 Direct Bioprinting of a Vascular Network 158
7.3.2 Vasculature Based on Printed Sacrificial Networks 161
7.3.3 Self-assembled Vasculature Using Bioprinting 165
7.4 Other Vascularization Approaches 168
References 171
Index 174

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 13.12.2018
• Zusatzinfo: XI, 171 p. 83 illus., 59 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: 3D Biofabrication • 3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology • Additive Manufacturing • Scaffold fabrication • Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
• ISBN-10: 3-030-03460-7 / 3030034607
• ISBN-13: 978-3-030-03460-3 / 9783030034603