Nanomaterials and Their Applications (eBook)

Zishan Husain Khan (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017 | 1st ed. 2018
XIII, 321 Seiten
Springer Singapore (Verlag)
978-981-10-6214-8 (ISBN)

Infos

This book focuses on the latest advances in the field of nanomaterials and their applications, and provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art of research in this rapidly developing field. The book comprises chapters exploring various aspects of nanomaterials. Given the depth and breadth of coverage, the book offers a valuable guide for researchers and students working in the area of nanomaterials.

Dr. Zishan Husain Khan is an Associate Professor (Applied Physics) at the Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India. He specializes in nanotechnology with special emphasis on carbon nanotubes, semiconducting nanostructures and nanochalcogenides.  His work on the fabrication of a field-effect transistor (FET) based on an individual carbon nanotube using e-beam lithography and its I-V characteristics was significant. He has also studied the electrical transport properties and field emission properties of bulk carbon nanotubes and has contributed to the field of oxide semiconductors and synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures for various applications.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Acknowledgements 10
Contents 12
About the Editor 14
1 Nanodiamonds: Synthesis and Applications 15
Abstract 15
1.1 Introduction 15
1.2 Synthesis of Nanodiamond 16
1.2.1 Detonation Techniques 16
1.2.2 Synthesis of Nanodiamond by CVD 20
1.2.3 High Energy Milling of Microsized Diamond Particles 23
1.2.4 Laser Assisted Synthesis of Nanodiamond 23
1.2.5 Synthesis of Nanodiamonds Using High Energy Particles Irradiation 26
1.2.6 Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Nanodiamonds 26
1.2.7 Synthesis of Nanodiamonds Using Carbides 27
1.3 Applications of Nanodiamonds 29
1.3.1 Polishing and Lubrication 29
1.3.2 Nanodiamond Nanocomposites 30
1.3.3 Bio-medical Applications 31
1.4 Nitrogen Vacancy Centers (NV Centres) in Nanodiamonds and Their Applications in Bio-imaging 32
1.5 Conclusion 34
References 35
2 Carbon Nanowalls: A Potential 2-Dimensional Material for Field Emission and Energy-Related Applications 41
Abstract 41
2.1 Introduction 42
2.1.1 Carbon Nanostructures: An Overview 42
2.1.2 Structural Properties 44
2.1.2.1 Bonding Configuration of Carbon Atoms 44
2.1.2.2 Single-Walled Nanotubes 45
2.1.2.3 Multi-walled Nanotubes 47
2.1.2.4 Carbon Nanowalls 47
2.2 Growth of Carbon Nanowalls 49
2.2.1 Main Approaches for the Growth of CNWs and Current Status 49
2.2.1.1 Microwave Plasma-Enhanced CVD (MPEVCD) Method 49
2.2.1.2 Effect of Microwave Power (Density and Dimensions) 50
2.2.1.3 Effect of Catalyst and Nature of Substrates 54
2.2.2 Growth of Carbon Nanowalls by Rf-PECVD 58
2.3 Characterization of CNWs 61
2.3.1 CNW Structure by HR-TEM 61
2.3.2 CNWs Structure by Raman Spectroscopy 61
2.4 Growth Mechanisms of CNWs 62
2.5 Field Emission Properties of Carbon Nanowalls 66
2.5.1 Field Emission 66
2.5.2 Field Emission Properties of Carbon Nanowalls 68
2.5.3 Field Emission Measurement Setup 68
2.5.3.1 Field Emission Characteristics of CNW-Based Carbon Films 70
2.5.3.2 Effect of Catalyst–Substrate Interaction on the Field Emission 70
2.5.3.3 Effect of Microwave Power (Density and Dimensions of CNWs) 72
2.5.3.4 Effect of Temperature on the FE Properties of CNWs 73
2.5.3.5 Effect of Different Gas Environments for FE of CNWs 74
2.6 Carbon Nanowalls for Energy-Related Applications 75
2.6.1 As Effective Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries 75
2.6.2 As Catalyst Supports in Fuel Cells 76
2.6.3 CNWs in Solar Cells 77
2.7 Conclusions and Future Prospects 78
References 79
3 Role of Nanostructured Materials Toward Remediation of Heavy Metals/Metalloids 86
Abstract 86
3.1 Introduction 86
3.2 Heavy Metals/Metalloids and Their Sources 88
3.3 Effects of Heavy Metals/Metalloid in Human Health 89
3.4 Nanomaterials as Adsorbent for Heavy Metals/Metalloids 92
3.4.1 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials 92
3.4.2 Nanosized Metal and Metal Oxides 94
3.4.2.1 Iron-Based Nanoparticles as Nanoadsorbents for Heavy Metals 96
3.4.2.2 Nanosized Titanium Oxides 98
3.4.2.3 Nanosized Cerium Oxides 99
3.4.2.4 Nanosized Magnesium Oxides 100
3.4.2.5 Nanosized Aluminum Oxides 100
3.5 Polymer and Amino Acid Supported Nanomaterials for Heavy Metals/Metalloid 102
3.6 Conclusion 103
References 103
4 Recent Trends in the Processing and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and C-MEMS-Based Carbon Nanowires 109
Abstract 109
4.1 Introduction 110
4.2 CNT Processings 111
4.2.1 Arc Discharge Method 112
4.2.2 Laser Ablation Method 116
4.2.3 CVD Method 119
4.3 Applications of CNTs 124
4.3.1 Gas Sensors 124
4.3.2 Biosensors 128
4.3.3 Optical Sensors 130
4.3.4 Microelectronics 130
4.3.5 Supercapacitors 133
4.3.6 Mechanical Properties of Measurements 133
4.3.7 Carbon Electrodes 136
4.4 Carbon-MEMS/NEMS 138
4.4.1 Supporting Structure Fabrication for CNWs 140
4.4.2 Electrospinning for Polymer Fibers 140
4.4.2.1 Electrospinning Setup Description 140
4.4.2.2 Dimensions of the Nanowires 141
4.4.3 Setup Description of EMS 144
4.4.4 Various Research Works on C-MEMS CNWs 145
4.5 Applications of C-MEMS-Based CNWs 147
References 149
5 Metal Nanoparticles as Glucose Sensor 154
Abstract 154
5.1 Introduction 155
5.2 Silver Nanoparticles-Based Glucose Sensor 156
5.3 Gold Nanoparticles as Glucose Sensor 164
5.4 Copper Nanoparticles as Glucose Sensor 171
5.5 Conclusions 174
References 175
6 Application of Nanomaterials in Civil Engineering 180
Abstract 180
6.1 Introduction 181
6.2 Nanomaterials Used in Civil Engineering 182
6.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 182
6.2.2 Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) Nanoparticles 184
6.2.3 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles 186
6.2.4 Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) Nanoparticles 187
6.2.5 Copper Oxide (CuO) Nanoparticles 187
6.2.6 Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) Nanoparticles 188
6.2.7 Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) Nanoparticles 189
6.2.8 Zinc Dioxide (ZnO2) Nanoparticles 190
6.2.9 Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Nanoparticles 190
6.2.10 Chromium Oxide (Cr2O3) Nanoparticles 192
6.2.11 Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles 192
6.3 Environmental and Economical Aspect 193
6.4 Nanomaterials as Corrosion Inhibitors 194
6.5 Conclusions 196
References 197
7 Design, Development and Application of Nanocoatings 201
Abstract 201
7.1 Coating and Nanocoatings 202
7.2 Techniques for Fabrication of Nanocoatings 202
7.2.1 Vapour Phase Method 202
7.2.1.1 Physical Vapour Deposition 203
7.2.1.2 Chemical Vapour Deposition 204
7.2.1.3 Plasma Arc 205
7.2.1.4 Flame Synthesis 207
7.2.1.5 Laser Ablation 207
7.2.2 Liquid Phase Method 208
7.2.2.1 Electrochemical 208
7.2.2.2 Precipitation 208
7.2.2.3 Sol–Gel 210
7.2.2.4 Hydrothermal 212
7.2.2.5 Microemulsion 213
7.3 Research and Development in Nanocoatings 213
7.4 Application of Nanocoatings 214
References 215
8 Electronic Behavior of Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistor 218
Abstract 218
8.1 Introduction 218
8.2 Fabrication of nc-Si Based TFTs 220
8.3 Conduction Models 228
8.4 Electrical Instability 232
8.4.1 Powell’s Model 233
8.4.2 Libsch’s Model 237
8.4.3 Nathan’s Model 238
8.5 Conclusion 239
References 240
9 Molecular Electronics 243
Abstract 243
9.1 Introduction 244
9.2 What Is Molecular Electronics? 244
9.3 First-Generation Molecular Devices 245
9.4 Second Generation of Molecular Devices 250
9.5 Third Generation of Molecular Devices 253
9.5.1 Current Transport Through Single 1,4-Benzenedithiol (BDT) and 1,4-Benzenedimethanedithiol (BDMT) Molecules 258
9.5.2 Current Transport Through Single DNA 261
9.6 Theoretical Aspect for Conduction Through Single Molecule 264
9.7 Outlook and Open Questions 266
References 267
10 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes—A Review 269
Abstract 269
10.1 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes–A Review 270
10.2 Inorganic LEDs 271
10.3 Organic LEDs 272
10.4 Characteristics of OLED 276
10.5 Fabrication Steps of Bio-WPLED [7] 287
10.6 Characteristics of Laboratory Made Prototype Typical Device 289
10.7 Conclusion 294
References 294
11 Hematological Complications and Rouleaux Formation of Blood Components (Leukocytes and Platelet Cells) and Parameters 296
Abstract 296
11.1 Introduction 297
11.2 Materials and Methods 298
11.2.1 Sample Type I for Leukocytes 298
11.2.2 Sample Type II for Platelet Cells 298
11.3 Effects of Glucose on Blood Cells 299
11.3.1 Results 299
11.3.2 Regions of Interest of WBCs for Sugar Analyte 299
11.3.3 Statistical Comparison Under Glucose [C6H12O6] 301
11.3.4 Discussions and Conclusive Remarks 301
11.4 Effects of Salt (NaCl) on WBCs and Platelet Cells 305
11.4.1 Materials and Methods 307
11.4.2 Results 307
11.4.3 Regions of Interest for WBCs Under Salt 307
11.4.4 Regions of Interest for Platelet Cells Under Salt 307
11.5 Discussions 307
11.6 Effects of Distilled Water on Blood Cells 310
11.6.1 Results 311
11.6.2 Regions of Interest for WBCs Under Water 311
11.6.3 Regions of Interest for Platelet Cells Under Water 311
11.7 Statistical Comparison of Blood Components and Parameters Under Pure Water (H2O) 311
11.8 Results and Discussions 314
11.9 Summary 317
References 320
12 Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells (QDSSCs) 322
Abstract 322
12.1 Introduction 322
12.2 QDSSC Structure 323
12.3 Working Principle 324
12.4 Conclusions 327
References 328

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 20.10.2017
• Reihe/Serie: Advanced Structured Materials
• Reihe/Serie: Advanced Structured Materials
• Zusatzinfo: XIII, 321 p. 195 illus., 110 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Singapore
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Carbon Nanomaterials • Graphene • nanobiotechnology • Nanocomposites • nanotechnology
• ISBN-10: 981-10-6214-5 / 9811062145
• ISBN-13: 978-981-10-6214-8 / 9789811062148