Techno-Societal 2016 (eBook)

Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Societal Applications

Prashant M. Pawar, Babruvahan P. Ronge, R. Balasubramaniam, Sridevi Seshabhattar (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017 | 1st ed. 2018
XVII, 1150 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-53556-2 (ISBN)

Infos

This volume originates from the proceedings of a multidisciplinary conference, Techno-Societal 2016 in Maharashtra, India, that brings together faculty members of various engineering colleges to solve Indian regional relevant problems under the guidance of eminent researchers from various reputed organizations.

The focus is on technologies that help develop and improve society, in particular on issues such as the betterment of differently abled people, environment impact, livelihood, rural employment, agriculture, healthcare, energy, transport, sanitation, water, education.

This conference aims to help innovators to share their best practices or products developed to solve specific local problems which in turn may help the other researchers to take inspiration to solve problems in their region. On the other hand, technologies proposed by expert researchers may find applications in different regions. This back and forth process for local-global interaction will help in solving local problems by global approach and help in solving global problems by improving local conditions.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 7
Deployable Societal Technologies 18
1 Application of Nuclear Spin-Offs for Societal Development 19
1 AKRUTI Programme [1, 2] 20
2 Demonstration of AKRUTI 21
3 Observations 21
4 Rural Techno-entrepreneurship [3] 22
5 Consultancy 23
6 DAE Out Reach Centre (DAE ORC) [4, 2] 23
7 XII Plan Project—DTDDF [4] 24
8 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Model 24
9 Conclusion—CILLAGE 25
References 25
2 Role of BARC Technologies in Agriculture for Benefit of Farming Community in India 26
1 Technologies for Mutant Seeds 26
2 Technologies for Soil Health 27
3 Technologies for Pest Control 28
4 Food Preservation Technology 29
5 Conclusion 29
References 29
3 Use of Photochemical Machining Technology for Producing Metal Artwork 31
1 Introduction 31
2 Procedure 32
2.1 Using Electricity—Traditional Photochemical Machining Process 32
2.2 Without Electricity—Screen Printing Method 33
3 Development of PCM Process for Artisans 34
3.1 Photo Tool Development for Artisans 34
3.2 Selection of Metal 36
3.3 Workshops for Artisans 36
4 Commercial Product Development 37
4.1 Exhibition in Kartiki Vari at Pandharpur 37
4.2 Commercial Products 38
4.3 Generation Entrepreneurs for PCM Based Artwork 38
5 Conclusions 39
References 39
4 RuTAG IIT Bombay Floating Fish Cages for Livelihood Opportunities for Tribals in Dimbhe Area 41
1 Introduction 41
1.1 Objective 41
1.2 About Shashwat 42
2 Need for the Intervention 42
2.1 Dimbhe Dam and the Struggle of the Local Communities 42
2.2 Introducing Aquaculture in Dimbhe Dam 42
2.3 Challenges Faced by the Tribals 43
3 The RuTAG IIT Bombay Intervention 43
3.1 Literature Review 43
3.2 RuTAG IIT Bombay Fish Cage Structure 44
4 Impact Analysis 45
4.1 Livelihood 46
4.2 Women Empowerment 47
4.3 Rewards and Recognitions 47
5 Conclusion 48
6 Scope for Future Dissemination 48
7 Recommendations for Future Research 49
Acknowledgements 49
References 49
5 Evaluation of Multiple Hydrometerological Factors for Prioritization of Water Stress Areas in the Upper Yerala River Basin, Satara, Maharashtra, India 50
1 Introduction 50
2 Study Area 51
3 Methodology 53
4 Results and Discussions 54
4.1 Groundwater Recharge 54
4.2 Groundwater Draft 54
4.3 Population 56
4.4 Abstraction Structures 58
4.5 Groundwater Level 59
4.6 Rainfall 59
5 Conclusions 62
References 63
6 Design of Improved Biomass Cook Stove for Domestic Utility 65
1 Introduction 65
2 Experimental Studies on Improved Cook Stove 67
3 Results and Discussions 69
3.1 Results of IBCS Testing 69
3.1.1 Roti Making Test 73
3.2 Heat Transfer Analysis 73
4 Conclusions 74
References 74
7 Computational and Experimental Investigations on Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Household Applications 76
1 Introduction 76
2 Airfoil and Wind Turbine Basics 77
3 Computational Studies on Small Scale HAWT 78
4 Experimental Studies on Small Scale HAWT 80
5 Results and Discussions 81
6 Conclusions 84
References 84
8 Computational and Experimental Studies on Effect of Artificial Roughness on Performance of Solar Air Heater 85
1 Introduction 85
2 Methodology 86
3 Results and Discussions 89
4 Conclusions 94
References 94
9 Design and Development of Novel Mini Wind Power Turbine Set 95
1 Introduction 95
2 Design of Turbine 96
3 Fabrication of Turbine 96
4 Testing of Mini Wind Turbine 98
5 Conclusion 100
References 101
10 Treadle Pump Operation with Rotary Motion 102
1 Introduction 102
References 109
11 Biofuels—Sustainable Alternative to Petroleum (Fossil Fuels) and New Revenue for Farmers 110
1 Introduction 110
2 Present Scenario in India 111
3 Biofuel 111
3.1 Types of Biofuels 111
3.1.1 Ethanol 111
3.1.2 Biodiesel 112
4 Properties of Biofuel 112
4.1 Properties of Ethanol Oil Compared to the Petrol 112
4.2 Properties of Biodiesel Compared to Diesel Oil 112
5 Feedstock to Produce Biofuels 113
5.1 Ethanol 113
5.2 Biodiesel 113
6 Biofuel Production 113
6.1 Ethanol 114
6.2 Biodiesel 114
7 Sustainability of Biofuels with Respect to Petroleum Fuels 114
7.1 Effect on Engine Parameters and Emissions 114
7.1.1 Effect on Exhaust Emissions 114
7.1.2 Engine Performance 115
7.1.3 Durability of Engine 115
7.2 Environmental Considerations 115
7.3 Benefits to the Country 116
8 Biofuels as a New Revenue for the Farmer 116
9 Conclusion 117
References 117
12 Microcontroller Based Automatic Drip Irrigation System 118
1 Introduction 118
1.1 Components 119
2 Irrigation 119
2.1 Types of Irrigation 120
3 Methodology 120
4 System Architecture 121
5 Results and Discussions 122
6 Conclusion 124
References 124
13 Sustainable Raft Based Hydroponic System for Growing Spinach and Coriander 125
1 Introduction 125
2 Materials and Procedures 126
2.1 Seedlings and Cups 126
3 Results and Discussion 129
4 Conclusion 132
References 133
14 Effect of Change in Vacuum Pressure on the Performance of Solar Dryers 134
1 Introduction 134
2 Drying Process on Psychrometric Chart 135
3 Experimental Investigation 136
4 Results and Discussion 136
4.1 Drying Time Versus Weight of Grapes 136
4.2 Drying Time Versus Drying Rate 137
4.3 Drying Time Versus Moisture Content 138
4.4 Drying Time Versus Moisture Loss 138
5 Conclusions 139
References 139
15 Wireless Healthcare Monitoring System 141
1 Introduction 141
2 Literature Review 142
3 System Architecture 143
3.1 Node Architecture 144
3.2 System Flow Chart 144
3.3 Step of Flow Graph 144
4 Experimental Evaluation 145
4.1 Heartbeat and Stress Sensor 146
4.2 Temperature Sensor 147
4.3 Accelerometer Sensor 147
4.4 GUI and Alert Message 147
5 Conclusion 150
References 150
16 Optimization of Process Parameters for Shutter Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine 152
1 Introduction 152
2 Methodology 153
2.1 Experimentation Model of STVAWT 153
2.2 Design of Experiments 154
3 Results and Discussion 155
4 Conclusion 156
References 157
17 An Anthropometric Data of Cycle Rickshaw Operators to Approach Ergonomics in Cycle Rickshaw Design 158
1 Introduction 158
1.1 Cycle Rickshaw 158
1.2 Cycle Rickshaw Operators 159
2 Research Methodology for Pilot Study 159
2.1 Motivation and Research Objective 159
2.2 Research Instrument 160
2.3 Survey Administration 160
2.4 Respondents’ Profiles 160
2.5 Variables 160
2.6 Hypotheses 161
3 Results and Discussion 161
3.1 Anthropometric Data 161
3.2 Anthropology of Indian Cycle Rickshaw Operator 163
3.3 Hypothesis Testing 163
4 Variable Factors Consider for Ergonomic Design of Cycle Rickshaw Puller 167
4.1 Crank Length 167
4.2 Seat Tube Angle 168
4.3 Speed Ratio 168
4.4 Wheel Diameter 169
4.5 Load 169
4.6 Kinematics of Pedaling 169
5 Result Analysis 170
6 Conclusion 171
Acknowledgements 171
References 171
18 Analysis of Thermal Performance of Serpentine Tube in Tube Heat Exchanger 173
1 Introduction 174
2 Experimental Setup 175
3 Mathematical Analysis 176
3.1 Analytical Calculations 176
3.2 Numerical Calculations 177
4 Boundary Conditions 179
5 Result and Discussions 180
6 Conclusions 185
References 186
19 Experimental Performance Evaluation on S.I. Engine with Gasoline and Liquefied Petroleum Gas as Fuel 187
1 Introduction 187
2 Experimental Detail 188
2.1 Selection of Fuel 188
2.2 Experimental Setup 188
2.2.1 S.I. Engine 188
2.2.2 Fuel Intake System 188
2.2.3 Braking System 189
2.2.4 Coupling of Engine with Dynamometer and Speed Measurement 190
3 Experiment Test Parameter 191
3.1 Torque 191
3.2 Break Power 191
3.3 Exhaust Emissions 192
4 Results and Discussions 192
4.1 Exhaust Emissions 192
4.2 Break Power and Torque 193
4.3 Speed and Torque 194
5 Conclusion 195
References 195
20 A Review on the Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) Practices, Implementation and Study of Different Framework to Get the Area of Research in GSCM 196
1 Introduction 196
2 Literature Review on GSCM 197
2.1 Concept of GSCM 197
2.2 Principal and Practices of GSCM 198
2.3 Implementation and Frame Works 199
2.4 Evaluation and Performance of GSCM 200
3 Discussion and Conclusion 201
References 201
21 Design and Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost, Innovative, Efficient Small-Scale Wind Power Generation for Rural Community of India 203
1 Introduction 204
2 Design of HAWT System 205
2.1 Design of Blade 207
2.2 Selection of Aerofoil Section 208
3 Construction of HAWT 208
4 General Characteristics of 500 W Small Wind Turbine 210
5 Testing of HAWT 211
6 Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Axis Wind Machine 212
7 Performance Comparison 213
8 Conclusions 214
References 215
22 Design Modification of Biogas Digester to Avoid Scum Formation at the Surface 216
1 Introduction 216
2 Background Information 217
2.1 Biogas Characteristics 217
2.2 Failure Causes of Biogas Plant 218
2.3 Rheological Properties 218
3 Numerical Methods 219
3.1 Mixing 219
3.2 Governing Equations 220
4 Proposed Digester Design for Surface Velocity Improvement 223
4.1 Problem Statement 223
5 Result and Discussion 224
5.1 Based on Surface Velocity Maximization 225
6 Conclusion 227
References 228
Sensor, Image and Data Driven Societal Technologies 229
23 Social Influence as a Parameter to Prioritize Social Problems 230
1 Introduction 230
2 Background 231
3 Proposed Algorithm 231
4 Experimental Analysis 235
5 Conclusion 236
References 237
24 An Accident Detection System (ADS) for the Mumbai-Pune Expressway Using Vehicular Communication 238
1 Introduction 238
2 The Proposed ADS System 239
3 Framework Design for the ADS 241
3.1 Initial Handshaking 241
3.1.1 Vehicle Vi Meets the First RSU R(Id) 241
3.1.2 Verification of the Vehicle by the CCU 242
3.1.3 Shared Key Generation 242
3.2 Vehicle Message Dissemination 242
3.3 Vehicle Accident Data Processing 243
3.3.1 Speed Aggregation and Message Format 243
3.4 Central Control Unit 244
4 Conclusion 245
References 246
25 Data Mining Algorithms for Improving the Efficiency of Governance in Dynamic Social Systems: Case Study of Indian Caste and Tribe Reservations 247
1 Introduction 247
2 Conceptualization and Methodology 249
3 Data Analysis 249
4 Results and Interpretation 252
4.1 One-Class SVM Results 252
4.2 ONB Results 253
4.3 k-NN Results 254
4.4 PCA Results 255
4.5 Comparative Results 257
5 Conclusion and Reflection 258
Appendix 258
References 260
26 An Approach for PCA and GLCM Based MRI Image Classification 262
1 Introduction 262
2 Proposed Method 263
3 Proposed Methodology 263
3.1 Feature Extraction Using PCA 264
3.2 Feature Extraction Using GLCM 265
3.3 Classification 267
3.4 Segmentation 268
4 Morphological Operators 268
5 Results 268
6 Conclusion 271
References 271
27 Urban Tree Canopy Detection Using Object-Based Image Analysis Approach for High-Resolution Satellite Imagery 272
1 Introduction 272
2 Study Area 273
3 Methodology 273
4 Results and Discussion 275
5 Conclusion 277
References 278
28 Delamination Study of Sandwich Beam Coupled with Piezoelectric Actuator Using Cohesive Surface Behavior 279
1 Introduction 279
2 Material and Dimensions 281
3 Methodology 283
4 Results and Discussions 284
5 Conclusions 287
References 287
29 Development of Methodology for Transforming CT Images Indicating Location and Size of Lung Cancer Nodule 288
1 Introduction 288
2 Objectives of Study 289
3 Dataset 290
4 Proposed Method 290
5 Experimental Results 293
6 Conclusion 296
References 296
30 A Driver Assistance System Using ARM Processor for Lane and Obstacle Detection 297
1 Introduction 297
1.1 Lane Detection 298
1.2 Obstacle Detection 298
2 Proposed System Model 299
2.1 Ultrasonic Sensor 300
2.2 Front Side Camera 300
2.3 Backside Camera 300
2.4 Safety Indicators 301
2.5 Display 301
2.6 DC Motors 301
3 Implementation 301
3.1 Connection Diagram 302
3.2 Flowchart 302
4 Experimental Results 303
5 Conclusion and Result Analysis 306
References 307
31 Multimodel PID and RST Controller to Control CSTR Process Using Gain Scheduling Technique 308
1 Introduction 308
2 Modeling of CSTR Process 309
3 Multiple Model PID Control Design 310
4 Multiple Model Self-tuning Regulator (RST) Design 312
4.1 Recursive Least Square Algorithm 312
4.2 Self-tuning Pole-Placement Control 313
5 Simulation Results and Discussions 314
6 Conclusion 318
References 319
32 Silkworm Eggs Counting System Using Image Processing Algorithm 320
1 Introduction 320
2 Proposed Method 322
2.1 Image Acquisition 323
2.2 Color Conversion 323
2.3 Two Stage Segmentation 324
2.4 Area Based Thresholding 326
2.5 Object Counting 326
3 Result and Discussion 327
4 Conclusion 327
Acknowledgements 327
References 328
33 Compression of Medical Images Using Lifting Scheme Based Bi-orthogonal CDF Wavelet Coupled with Modified Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) Algorithm 329
1 Introduction 329
2 Lifting Scheme 329
2.1 Splitting 330
2.2 Lifting 330
2.3 Scaling 330
3 Bi-orthogonal Wavelets CDF 9/7 331
4 MSPIHT 332
5 Compression Quality Evaluation 333
6 Results 333
References 335
34 Various Traditional and Nature Inspired Approaches Used in Image Preprocessing 336
1 Introduction 336
2 Pre-processing 337
2.1 Layout Analysis/Zoning 337
2.2 Line Removal 337
2.3 Enhancing the Document (Cleaning and Smoothing) 337
2.4 Thresholding/Binarization 338
2.5 Deskewing 338
2.6 Despeckle 338
2.7 Normalization 339
2.8 Character Segmentation 339
2.8.1 Edge Detection 339
3 Character Recognition 340
3.1 Template/Matrix Matching 340
3.2 Feature Extraction 340
3.2.1 Moments 341
3.2.2 Histogram 341
3.2.3 Hough Transform 341
3.2.4 Fourier Descriptors 342
3.2.5 Orientation Features 342
3.2.6 Topological Features 342
4 Conclusion 342
References 343
35 FPGA Based Adaptive Filter for Removal of Electromyogram Noise from Electrocardiogram Signal 344
1 Introduction 344
2 Proposed System 345
2.1 MIT-BIH ECG Database 345
2.2 LMS Adaptive Algorithm 346
3 Implementation Techniques 347
4 Results and Discussion 349
5 Conclusion 352
References 352
36 Feature Extraction of Surface EMG Using Wavelet Transform for Identification of Motor Neuron Disorder 353
1 Introduction 353
2 Related Work 354
3 Methodologies 355
4 Results and Discussions 356
5 Conclusion 360
Acknowledgements 362
References 363
37 Early Diagnosis of Diabetes by Retinopathy 364
1 Introduction 364
2 Related Work 365
3 Proposed Methodology 366
3.1 Explanation 367
4 Implementation and Results 370
4.1 Results 375
5 Conclusion 376
Acknowledgements 376
References 376
38 Optimal Location of TCSC Using Evolutionary Optimization Techniques 378
1 Introduction 378
2 Modeling of TCSC 379
3 Objective Function 380
3.1 Minimize the Active Power Loss 380
3.2 Maintain Voltage Profile 381
3.3 Minimize the Installation Costs 381
4 Implementation of TLBO for the Optimal Placement of TCSC 381
5 Test Results and Discussion 384
6 Conclusion 385
References 386
39 MATLAB Simulation Analysis for Removing Artifacts from EEG Signals Using Adaptive Algorithms 387
1 Introduction 387
2 Database 387
3 Adaptive Filter Algorithms 388
3.1 Least Mean Square Algorithm 388
3.2 Normalized Least Mean Square Algorithm 388
4 Artifacts 388
4.1 Electro-oculogram (EOG) 389
4.2 Electromyogram (EMG) 389
4.3 Electrocardiogram (ECG) 389
5 Simulation Diagram 389
6 Results 390
6.1 Simulation Result for EOG Artifact Removing Using LMS Filter 390
6.2 Simulation Result for EOG Artifact Removing Using NLMS Filter 391
6.3 Simulation Result for EMG Artifact Removing Using LMS Filter 391
6.4 Simulation Result for EMG Artifact Removing Using NLMS Filter 392
6.5 Simulation Result for ECG Artifact Removing Using LMS Filter 392
6.6 Simulation Result for ECG Artifact Removing Using NLMS Filter 393
7 Conclusion 394
References 395
Mechatronics, Micro-Nano Related for Bio and Societal Applications 396
40 Effective Sensing Mechanisms and Techniques for Detection of E. coli Bacteria in Potable Water 397
1 Introduction 397
2 Tests for Water Contamination: Conventional and Contemporary 398
3 E. coli Biosensors: Substrates, Parameters and Techniques 399
4 Techniques Employed for E. coli Detection in Water 400
5 Challenges 404
6 Conclusion 404
Acknowledgements 404
References 404
41 Smart Materials for Biosensing Applications 406
1 Introduction 406
1.1 Smart Material Based Biosensors 407
2 Properties and Biosensing Application of the Smart Materials 408
2.1 Biosensing Properties of Smart Nanomaterial 408
2.2 Biosensing Properties of pH Sensitive Polymers 409
2.3 Biosensing Properties of Piezoelectric Materials 409
3 Fabrication Technique of Smart Materials and Strategies for Biosensing Modulation 410
3.1 Synthesis of Nanomaterial: Application in Biosensor 410
3.2 pH Sensitive and Stimuli Responsive Polymers Synthesis 412
3.3 Piezoelectric Materials for Biosensor Fabrication 412
4 Operating Principle of Biosensors Using Smart Materials 413
5 Conclusion and Outlook 414
Acknowledgements 414
References 414
42 Comparative Study to Improve Antenna Parameters of Multilayer Microstrip Patch Antenna 417
1 Introduction 417
2 Design Steps of Microstrip Antenna 418
3 Simulation Tool 420
4 Design Shapes 420
4.1 Simulated Results of Different Shape Multilayer MSA 420
5 Simulated Results of Multilayer Different Shapes MSA 421
5.1 Return Loss 421
5.2 Bandwidth 422
5.3 VSWR 423
5.4 Directivity 424
5.5 Gain 425
5.6 Radiation Pattern 426
6 Conclusion and Result Analysis 428
Acknowledgements 429
References 429
43 Investigation of Mechanical Behavior of Industry Waste and Al2O3 Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites by Powder Metallurgy Technique 430
1 Introduction 430
1.1 Matrix Material 431
1.2 Reinforcement Material 431
2 Experimentation 431
2.1 Metal Powder 432
2.2 Blending of Metal Powder 432
2.3 Compacting 433
2.4 Sintering 434
3 Results and Discussion 435
3.1 Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) 435
3.2 Impact Strength 436
4 Conclusions 437
References 438
44 Phase Sensitive Detector: Fabrication, Processing, and Applications 439
1 Introduction 439
2 Experimental Details 440
2.1 Design and Fabrication Process 440
2.2 Operating Mechanism of PSD 440
3 Results and Discussions 441
4 Conclusions 442
References 442
45 Microbial Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aspergillus flavus and Their Characterization 444
1 Introduction 444
2 Materials and Methods 445
2.1 Preparation of Cell Filtrate and Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles 445
2.2 UV-Visible Characterization 445
2.3 XRD Measurements 445
2.4 FTIR Measurements 446
2.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy 446
2.6 TEM Measurements 446
3 Result and Discussion 446
3.1 Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles 446
3.2 UV-Visible Spectra 447
3.3 XRD Analysis 447
3.4 SEM 448
3.5 FTIR Measurements 449
3.6 TEM 449
4 Conclusions 450
References 450
46 Shape Optimization of Microfluidic Pump Using Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach 452
1 Introduction 452
2 Numerical Modeling 453
2.1 Description of Micropump 453
2.2 Governing Equations 453
2.3 Boundary Conditions 454
3 Simulation Results and Parametric Study 454
3.1 Optimization of Divergence Angle and Diffuser Length 454
3.2 Optimization of Neck Width and Chamber Height 456
3.3 Optimization of Chamber Diameter and Diaphragm Thickness 457
4 Conclusion 457
References 458
47 Fabrication and Characterizations of Cu/CdS0.8Te0.2 Thin Film Schottky Junction Grown by Thermal Evaporation Technique 459
1 Introduction 459
2 Experimental 459
2.1 Preparation of Samples 460
3 Results and Discussion 460
3.1 XRD Analysis 460
3.2 SEM Analysis 461
3.3 Photo Sensing Analysis 462
3.4 I-V Characteristics of Schottky Diode 463
4 Conclusions 464
References 464
48 Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Mixed Crystals of Cadmium-Calcium Levo-Tartrate Dihydrate Grown in Silica Gel 466
1 Introduction 466
2 Experimental 466
3 Result and Discussion 467
3.1 Powder X-ray Diffraction 467
3.2 Thermal Analysis of CCT Crystal (TGA) 468
3.3 Kinetic Parameter of Dehydration and Decomposition 470
3.4 Thermodynamic Parameter of Dehydration and Decomposition 471
4 Conclusion 472
References 473
49 Numerical Study on Microchannel Heat Sink with Asymmetric Leaf Pattern 474
1 Introduction 474
2 Numerical Simulation 477
2.1 Geometry of Microchannel 477
2.2 Governing Equations 478
2.3 Boundary Conditions 479
3 Results and Discussion 481
3.1 Velocity and Temperature Profile 481
3.2 Heat Transfer Characteristics 483
3.3 Pressure Drop Characteristics 483
4 Conclusions 485
References 486
50 Experimental Study of Thermal Energy Storage System Using Nanofluid 487
1 Introduction 487
2 Experimental Setup 488
3 Results and Discussions 488
3.1 Charging Process 488
3.2 Discharging Process 491
4 Conclusions 491
References 492
51 An Approach to Harness Energy by SnO2 Thin Film Electrode by Thermal Evaporation 493
1 Introduction 493
2 Experimental Detail 494
3 Results and Discussion 495
3.1 Structural and Morphology Analysis 495
3.2 CV, Charge/Discharge and Cyclic Stability Study 495
4 Conclusion 497
Acknowledgements 497
References 497
52 Efficient Electrodeposited Nickel Oxide Thin Films for Supercapacitor Electrode 499
1 Introduction 499
2 Experimental Details 500
3 Result and Discussions 501
3.1 X-ray Diffraction Study 501
3.2 Surface Morphology Study 501
3.3 Wettability Study 501
4 Supercapacitive Studies 502
4.1 Cyclic Voltammetry 502
4.2 Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge Studies 503
5 Conclusions 503
Acknowledgements 503
References 504
53 Effect of Waiting Time on Opto-electronic Properties of Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films for Transparent Conducting Oxide Applications 505
1 Introduction 505
2 Results and Discussion 506
2.1 Optical Properties 506
2.2 Electrical Properties 507
2.3 Figure of Merit 508
3 Conclusions 508
Acknowledgements 508
References 508
54 Nanoflakes MnO2 Thin Film as a Supercapacitor Electrode 509
1 Introduction 509
2 Experimental Details 510
2.1 Chemicals 510
2.2 Synthesis of MnO2 Thin Films 510
2.3 Characterization Techniques 510
3 Results and Discussions 511
3.1 Structural and Surface Morphological Studies 511
3.2 Supercapacitive Studies 512
3.2.1 Cyclic Voltammetric Study 512
3.2.2 Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge Study 513
4 Conclusions 514
Acknowledgements 515
References 515
55 Experimental Studies on Curvilinear Laser Bending of Thin Sheets 516
1 Introduction 516
2 Experimental Setup 518
2.1 CO2 Laser Machine Setup 518
2.2 Workpiece Holding Fixture 518
2.3 Workpiece Details 520
2.4 Irradiation Details 520
2.5 Bend Angle Measurement 520
3 Analysis of Results 521
3.1 Studies on Bend Angle 521
3.1.1 Effect of Laser Power 521
3.1.2 Effect of Scan Speed 522
3.2 Parabolic Heating with Step Irradiations 522
3.3 Variation in Bend Angle Along Scanning Path (Edge Effect) 523
4 Conclusions 524
References 524
56 A Comparative Study on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Epoxy Composites Filled with Nano-ZrO2 and Nano-Al2O3 Fillers 526
1 Introduction 526
2 Experimental 528
2.1 Resin System 528
2.2 Fillers 528
2.3 Fabrication of Epoxy Nanocomposites 528
2.4 Characterization 529
3 Results and Discussion 530
3.1 Mechanical Properties 530
3.2 Tribological Properties 531
4 Conclusions 533
References 534
Lab-Level Advanced Societal Technologies 535
57 Synthesis of TiO2 Nanofibers for Solar Cells and Their Analysis Using Statistical Tool—ANOVA 536
1 Introduction 536
2 Experimental Procedure 537
2.1 Materials 537
2.2 Preparation of TiO2 537
2.3 Electrospinning Experiments 537
2.4 Design of Experiments 538
3 Characterization 539
4 Results and Discussion 540
4.1 Optimization by One-Way ANOVA 540
4.2 Interaction Plots 541
5 Applications 541
6 Conclusion 542
References 542
58 Development of Experimental Setup for Measurement of Stored Hydrogen in Solids by Volumetric Method 543
1 Introduction 543
2 High Pressure Experimental Setup 544
2.1 High Vacuum System and Pressure Sensor 544
2.2 Temperature Controller, Temperature Indicator and Thermocouples 545
2.3 Reactor and Measuring Chamber 545
3 Methodology 546
4 Calibration of Experimental Setup 548
5 Conclusion 550
Acknowledgements 550
References 550
59 Optimization of Biodiesel Synthesis from Karanja Oil Using Heterogeneous Catalyst by Transesterification Process 552
1 Introduction 552
1.1 Importance 552
1.2 Biodiesel 552
1.3 Heterogeneouscatalyst 553
1.4 Transesterification Process 553
1.5 Steps for Transesterification Process 553
2 Experimental Setup for Biodiesel Production by Transesterification Process 554
3 Different Parameters Affecting the Transesterification Process 555
4 Results by Variation of Different Parameters Obtained for Karanja Oil with CaO Catalyst Are as Follows 555
4.1 Effect of Molar Ratio 555
4.2 Effect of Catalyst % 556
4.3 Effect of Reaction Temperature 557
4.4 Effect of Reaction Time 557
4.5 Effect of Reaction Speed 559
5 Conclusion 559
References 560
60 Parametric Studies on Thermo-electric Power Generation Using Micro Combustor 561
1 Introduction 561
2 Experimental Methodology 562
2.1 Micro Combustor Configuration 562
2.2 Details of Experimental Method 563
3 Results and Discussions 564
3.1 Thermal Characteristics and Flame Stability Limit 564
3.1.1 Effect of Thermal Conductivity of Heating Cup 564
3.1.2 Effect of Porous Media on the Flame Stability 565
3.2 Integration of the Combustor and Thermoelectric Generators 567
4 Conclusion 568
References 568
61 Validation of in House PCR Using IS6110 for Detection of M. tuberculosis and Its Comparison with ZN Staining, Cultures and RT PCR Kit Methods 570
1 Introduction 570
2 Methodology 571
2.1 Sample Collection 571
2.2 Sample Processing 571
2.3 Mycobacterial DNA Extraction from Sputum 572
2.4 Analysis of Amplified Product 573
2.5 RT-PCR with Commercial Kit 573
2.6 Statistical Analysis 573
3 Results 574
3.1 In-House Conventional PCR 574
3.2 AFB Smear Negative—Culture Positive and PCR Positive 574
3.3 Comprehensive Comparison of Different Techniques 575
4 ROC Curve Analysis 576
5 Conclusion 578
References 578
62 Novel Method for Fabrication and Characterization Porous Structure Using Rapid Prototyping and Thermal Gradient Method 581
1 Introduction 581
2 Method of Preparation of Hydroxyapatite 582
3 Particle Size Distribution 583
4 Construction and Working Principle 583
5 Layer-Wise Slurry Deposition (LSD) Process 584
5.1 Mechanism 586
6 Characterization of Fabricated Hydroxyapatite Bio Film 587
6.1 FT-IR Analysis 587
6.2 SEM Analysis 588
6.3 XRD Analysis 589
6.4 Elemental Analysis 589
6.5 DTA and TGA Analysis 589
7 Conclusions 591
References 591
63 Role of Gene Xpert in Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis 592
1 Introduction 592
2 Materials and Methods 593
2.1 Method 593
3 Results and Discussion 594
4 Conclusion 595
References 596
64 Synthesis and Characterization of MoS2-Graphene Nanocomposite 597
1 Introduction 597
2 Experimental 598
2.1 Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets (RGO) 598
2.2 Synthesis of MoS2/Graphene Nanocomposite 598
2.3 Characterization 599
3 Results and Discussion 599
4 Conclusion 601
References 601
65 Heat Transfer Intensification with Different Width Swirl Generator 603
1 Introduction 603
2 Methodology 604
2.1 Experimental Procedure 604
2.2 Heat Transfer Calculations 604
2.2.1 Reynolds Number Evaluation 604
2.2.2 Nusselt Number Evaluation 605
2.2.3 Friction Factor Evaluation 606
3 Thermal Characteristic 607
3.1 Heat Transfer Characteristics 607
3.2 Overall Enhancement Characteristics 609
4 Conclusions 610
References 611
66 Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanorod Array on FTO Glass by Using Hydrothermal Method 612
1 Introduction 612
2 Experimental 613
2.1 Characterizations 614
3 Results and Discussion 614
4 Conclusions 615
Acknowledgements 616
References 616
67 Design and In-Vitro Evaluation of Nicorindil Biphasic Drug Delivery System for Angina Pectoris 617
1 Introduction 617
2 Materials 618
3 Methodology 619
3.1 Preparation of Fast Release Component [5] 619
3.2 Preparation of Prolonged-Release Component (Mini-Tablets) 619
3.3 Preparation of Multiple Compressed Tablets 620
3.4 Evaluation of Tablets [6, 7] 620
3.4.1 Weight Variation 620
3.4.2 In-Vitro Dissolution Studies 620
4 Results and Discussion 621
4.1 Friability 621
4.2 Hardness 621
4.3 Thickness 621
4.4 Drug Content 622
4.5 IR Spectra of F4 Formulation 622
References 624
68 SILAR Synthesis and Cyclic Voltammetric Study of PPy-Cu(OH)2 Composite Flexible Electrodes for Supercapacitors 625
1 Introduction 625
2 Experimentation 626
2.1 Precursors 626
2.2 Electrode Preparation 627
2.3 Characterizations 627
2.3.1 Structural Characterizations 627
2.3.2 Electrochemical Characterizations 628
3 Results and Discussion 628
3.1 Film Formation Mechanism 628
3.2 Physical Characterizations 629
3.3 Cyclic Voltammetry 630
4 Conclusions 631
References 632
69 Root Canal Filling Process Enhancement in Simulated Dental Blocks Using a Novel Device 633
1 Introduction 633
2 Materials and Methodology Adopted for Obturation of the Root Canal System 635
2.1 Obturation of the Root Canal System Involves 635
2.2 Filling Canals with GP Using Dual Energy Technique 635
3 Weight Analysis of Blocks After Filling GP 637
3.1 Comparison of Blocks 637
3.2 Weight Analysis of Dental Blocks 638
3.3 Evaluation of Percentage GP Enhancement in Simulated Dental Blocks 638
3.3.1 Blocks Utilized in the Current Study 638
3.3.2 Percentage Enhancement in GP Compaction (with and Without Vibration) 638
4 Mass of GP Compacted in Root Canal 638
5 Volume of Root Canal Based on Mass of Material Compacted 639
6 Statistical Analysis Using ‘Student-t test’ 639
6.1 Case 1: For Varying Excitation Frequencies 10–100 Hz at Dental Tip 639
6.2 Case 2: For Constant Excitation Frequencies of 50 Hz at Dental Tip 641
7 Statistical Analysis Using One Way Analysis of Variance 641
8 Conclusion 642
Acknowledgements 643
References 643
Manufacturing and Fabrication Processes for Societal Applications 644
70 Analysis of Surface Integrity and Dimensional Accuracy During Thin-Wall Machining 645
1 Introduction 645
2 Experimental Details 646
3 Results and Discussion 646
3.1 Analysis of Dimensional Accuracy 648
3.2 Analysis of Surface Finish and Surface Integrity 649
4 Conclusions 651
Acknowledgements 651
References 651
71 Wear Behaviour of D-Gun Sprayed Coatings on Ductile Cast Iron 653
1 Introduction 653
2 Experimental 654
2.1 Materials and Coatings 654
2.2 Coating Powders 655
2.3 Deposition of Coatings by Detonation Spray Process 655
2.4 Wear Test Using Pin-on-Disc Apparatus 656
2.4.1 Experimental Set up 656
2.4.2 Sliding Wear Studies 656
2.4.3 Wear Rate 657
2.4.4 Wear Volume 657
2.5 Field Trial and Assessment 658
3 Result and Discussion 659
3.1 Wear Behavior 659
3.1.1 Laboratory Test 659
3.1.2 Field Trial Observations 660
3.1.3 Weight Loss and Wear Rate Assessment 660
4 Conclusions 661
References 661
72 Experimental Analysis of Different Compositions of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composite and Its Application in Leaf Spring 662
1 Introduction 662
2 Experimental Procedure 663
2.1 Materials and Methods 663
3 Results and Discussion 664
3.1 Mechanical Testing 664
3.2 Experimental Testing Using FFT Analyzer 666
3.2.1 Modal Analysis 666
3.2.2 Comparison Between Experimental and FEA Results 668
3.2.3 Comparison Between Steel and Composite Leaf Spring 668
4 Conclusions 669
References 669
73 Development of a Friction Welded Bimetallic Joints Between Titanium and 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel 671
1 Introduction 671
2 Experimental Method 672
3 Results and Discussion 673
3.1 Mechanical Properties 673
3.2 Microstructural Observations 676
3.3 Fracture Morphology Studies 677
4 Conclusion 678
References 678
74 Developing an Empirical Relationship to Predict Tensile Strength and Micro Hardness of Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloy Joints 680
1 Introduction 680
2 Experimental 680
2.1 Selection of Material 681
2.2 Identification of Important Friction Stir Welding Parameters 681
2.3 Development of Design Matrix 682
2.4 Selection of Mathematical Model 682
2.5 Development of Model for Tensile Strength 685
2.6 Development of Model for Percentage Elongation 687
2.7 Development of Model for Micro Hardness 688
3 Conclusions 689
References 689
75 New Design Approach of Helical Coil Spring for Longitudinal and Translational Invariance by Using Finite Element Analysis 690
1 Introduction 690
2 Design of Helical Coil Spring 690
2.1 Variation of Maximum Shear Stress Theoretically and Maximum Shear Stress Analytically with Load 691
3 Finite Element Analysis of Helical Compression Spring by Using ANSYS 691
4 Experimental Approach for Analysis 693
4.1 Testing of Helical Compression Spring for Load and Deflection 693
5 Probabilistic Design of Helical Coil Spring for Longitudinal Invariance by Using Finite Element Method 694
6 Probabilistic Design of Helical Coil Spring for Translational Invariance by Using Finite Element Method 696
7 Result and Discussion 696
7.1 Comparison Based on Load Verses Deflection 696
7.2 Comparison Results of Maximum Shear Stress and Deflection 696
8 Conclusion 699
References 699
76 Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness Optimization in WEDM on Tool Steel EN-31 Using Taguchi Approach 700
1 Introduction 700
2 Materials and Methods 702
3 Design of Experiments 703
4 Taguchi’s Optimization Technique 704
5 Results and Discussion 706
5.1 Effect on Material Removal Rate (MRR) 706
5.2 Effect on Surface Roughness (SR) 708
6 Confirmation Experiment and Conclusion 710
References 711
77 Automatic Gear Change Mechanism for Two-Wheeler Automobiles 712
1 Introduction 712
2 System Description 713
2.1 Complete Product Package 713
2.2 Selection of Sensors, Controller and Actuator 714
2.3 Interfacing and Control 716
2.4 Adaptation with Existing Automobile 717
3 Results 719
4 Discussion and Future Scope 720
4.1 Discussion and Comparison with Existing Methods 720
4.2 Future Scope 721
5 Conclusion 721
References 721
78 Analysis of Water Lubricated Bearing with Different Features to Improve the Performance: Green Tribology 722
1 Introduction 722
2 Model of Plain Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing 723
3 CFD Model—Analysis 724
3.1 Governing Equations 724
3.2 Parameters and Variables 724
3.2.1 Parameters 724
3.2.2 Variables 724
3.3 Material Properties and Boundary Conditions 725
3.3.1 Material Properties 725
3.3.2 Boundary Conditions 725
3.4 Analysis and Results 726
3.4.1 Analysis of Plain Journal Bearing 726
3.4.2 Results of Plain Journal Bearing 726
3.4.3 Analysis of Journal Bearing with Different Surface Features 727
3.4.4 Results of Journal Bearing with Different Surface Features 728
4 Conclusions 729
References 729
79 Design and Construction of Briefcase Type Portable Solar Dryer 731
1 Introduction 731
2 Constructions 733
2.1 Solar Panel 733
2.2 Battery 733
2.3 Exhaust Fans 733
2.4 Reflector 733
2.5 Glass 734
2.6 Heating Element 734
2.7 Assembly 734
3 Experimentation 735
3.1 Experimentation on Potato 735
3.2 Experimentation on Tulasi 736
4 Conclusions 737
References 738
80 Crashworthiness Improvement for Rollover of Bus Using FEA 739
1 Introduction 739
2 Rollover Analysis of Bus 740
2.1 Theory of Rollover Test on Bus 741
3 Finite Element Modelling 741
3.1 CAD Model (Geometric Model) 741
3.2 Meshing of Bus Structure 742
4 Numerical Analysis 743
4.1 Design Suggestions for New Bus Model 743
4.2 Rollover with Redesigned Model (Stiffer/New Model) 745
5 Results 745
6 Conclusion 745
References 746
81 Optimization of P-GMAW Welding Parameters Using Taguchi Technique for SS304L Pipes 747
1 Introduction 747
2 Literature Review 748
3 Experimental Details 749
3.1 Material Selection 749
3.2 Taguchi Technique 750
3.3 S/N Ratio 750
3.4 Experimental Parameter 751
3.5 Experimental Work 751
4 ANOVA Table and Response Calculation 753
5 Result and Discussion 754
6 Verification Experiment 756
7 Conclusion 756
Acknowledgements 757
References 757
82 Impact Analysis and Topology Optimization of Pultruded Automotive Bumper 758
1 Introduction 758
2 Theoretical Calculations 759
3 Material Data 759
3.1 Correlation with FEA 759
4 Experimental Data 760
4.1 Three Point Bend Test 760
4.2 Ball Impact Test 760
5 FEA Analysis 762
5.1 Three Point Bend Test 762
5.2 Ball Drop Test 762
6 Result and Discussions 763
7 Topology Optimization 764
7.1 Load Tracking in Impact 764
7.2 Cross Section Optimization 764
7.3 Result and Discussions 766
8 Conclusion 766
References 766
83 Simulation of Micro-indentation Process of Black NiAl Coated Aluminum Substrate Using FEM 767
1 Introduction 767
2 Material Preparation and Experimentation 768
2.1 Coating Process of Black NiAl Coating on Aluminum Substrate 768
2.2 Micro-indentation Experiment 768
3 Finite Element Procedure 769
4 Results and Discussion 771
4.1 Experimental Results 771
4.2 Finite Element Analysis 772
5 Conclusion 775
References 775
84 Assembly Method of Pre Twisted Steam Turbine Blades 776
1 Introduction 776
2 Method of Pre Twisted Steam Turbine Blade Assembly 778
3 System of Pre Twisted Blade Assembly 778
3.1 Detailed View of Blade Assembly 778
3.2 Drawing Description 778
3.3 Fixture Assembly 782
3.4 Closing Blade Assembly 783
4 Assembly Procedure 784
5 Natural Frequency Test of Pre Twisted Blades 785
5.1 Measurement System 785
5.2 Measurements 785
5.3 Procedure 785
5.4 Comparison of Natural Frequency of Old Rotor Assembly and New Rotor Assembly 786
6 Conclusions 788
References 788
85 Thermal Performance of Parabolic Dish Water Heater with Helical Coiled Receiver 789
1 Introduction 790
2 Test Set Up and System Parameters 791
3 Calculations 793
3.1 Useful Heat Gain by the Water 793
3.2 Calculation of Heat Losses from the Receiver 793
4 Uncertainty Analysis 794
5 Results and Discussion 795
5.1 Effect of Wind Velocity on Overall Heat Loss Coefficient and Collector Efficiency 795
5.2 Effect of Heat Loss on Collector Efficiency and Heat Gain 796
5.3 Effect of Receiver Temperature on Temperature Gradient and Collector Efficiency 797
5.4 Effect of Beam Solar Radiation and Wind Velocity on Collector Efficiency 798
5.5 Effect of Overall Heat Loss Coefficient and Receiver Temperature on Collector Efficiency 798
6 Conclusions 799
References 800
86 Application of MOORA Method for Friction Stir Welding Tool Material Selection 801
1 Introduction 802
2 FSW Tool Material Selection 805
2.1 FSW Tool Material Selection Criteria 805
2.2 Application of MOORA Method for FSW Tool Material Selection 807
3 Conclusions 809
Acknowledgements 809
References 809
87 Development of Prototype of Light Passenger Quarter Car for Improved Vehicle Ride Characteristics 811
1 Introduction 811
2 Development of Prototype of Quarter Car 813
2.1 2 DOF P-QCSS Model 814
2.2 2 DOF HA-QCSS Model 815
3 Simulation Analysis 816
3.1 Development of Program in SIMULINK for 2 DOF P-QCSS Model 816
3.2 Development of Program in SIMULINK 2 DOF HA-QCSS Model 818
4 Experimental Analysis 819
4.1 Experimental Results of 2 DOF P-QCSS and HA-QCSS 819
4.2 Simulation Results of 2 DOF P-QCSS and HA-QCSS 821
5 Conclusion 822
References 822
88 Sheet Metal Piercing Punch Material Selection Using Complex Proportional Assessment Method 824
1 Introduction 824
2 Multi-criteria Decision-Making Method 825
2.1 Complex Proportional Assessment Method 825
3 Illustrative Example 828
3.1 COPRAS Method 829
4 Conclusion 831
References 831
89 Investigation of Thermal Performance of FRP Parabolic Trough Collector Using Different Receivers 833
1 Introduction 833
2 Theory of Basic Thermal Performance 835
2.1 Overall Loss Coefficient and Heat Correlations 836
2.2 Heat Transfer Coefficient Between the Absorber Tube and the Cover 837
2.3 Heat Transfer Coefficient on the Inside Surface of the Absorber Tube 837
3 System Description 837
4 Experimental Procedure 839
5 Results and Discussions 839
6 Conclusions 842
Acknowledgements 843
References 843
90 Investigation of Load Carrying Capacity for Steering System with Polymer Helical Rack and Pinion Gear 844
1 Introduction 844
2 Design of Steering Rack and Pinion Gear Box 845
2.1 Loading Condition for Steering Gear Box 845
2.2 Selection of Suitable Gear Module 845
2.3 Design of Helical Rack and Pinion Gear Pair by AGMA Approach 846
3 Finite Element Analysis of Steering Gear Box 848
3.1 Finite Element Analysis of Nylon 6/6 Gear Pair 848
3.2 Finite Element Analysis of Delrin Gear Pair 848
4 Experimental Stress Analysis of Steering Gear Box 851
4.1 Experimental Strain Analysis Test Observations and Results 851
5 Result and Discussion 852
5.1 Design, FEA and ESA Comparative Results of Gear Pair 852
5.2 Weight and Cost Analysis of Gear Pair 854
5.3 LifeSpan of Gear 854
5.4 Societal Application of Gear Pair 854
6 Conclusion 855
References 855
91 Dry Sliding Wear Performance Optimization of MoS2 Filled PTFE Composites Using Taguchi Approach 856
1 Introduction 856
2 Wear Testing 857
3 Experimental Design 858
4 Results and Discussion 859
4.1 Statistical Analysis of Wear Rate 859
4.2 Confirmation Experiment 863
5 SEM and EDX Results 864
6 Conclusions 865
References 866
92 Tribological Behavior of Al6061 Alloy Reinforced with Fly Ash Particles 867
1 Introduction 867
2 Methodology 868
3 Results and Discussions 868
3.1 Wear Test 868
3.2 Microstructure 872
4 Conclusion 874
References 875
93 A Study on Partial Automation of Lac Bangle Manufacturing in Pandharpur 876
1 Introduction 876
2 Literature Survey 877
2.1 History of Lac Bangles 877
2.2 Traditional Procedure of Bangle Making 877
2.3 Drawbacks of the Traditional Process 879
2.4 Lac Bangles Manufacturing Survey in Pandharpur 879
2.5 Swot Analysis 880
3 Automation in the Lac Bangle Manufacturing Process 881
3.1 Automation Is a Key for Survival of Lac Bangle Manufacturers 881
3.2 Lac Bangle Manufacturing Through Partial Automation 881
3.3 Scope for Automation in Lac Bangle Manufacturing 881
4 Suggestions Based on the Study 882
References 883
94 Parametric Optimization for Photochemical Machining of Copper Using Grey Relational Method 884
1 Introduction 884
2 Materials and Methods 885
2.1 Material 885
2.2 Experimental Procedure 885
2.3 Selection of Parameters 886
2.4 Taguchi Design of Experiments 887
2.5 Photo Tool Analysis 887
2.6 Experimentation 887
3 Results and Discussion 889
3.1 Effect of Process Parameters on Edge Deviation (ED) 890
3.2 Effect of Process Parameters on Material Removal Rate (MRR) 890
3.3 Optimization Using Grey Relational Analysis 891
3.4 Use of the Study for Societal Application 893
4 Conclusions 893
References 894
Infrastructure Developments for Societal Applications 895
95 Buried Pipelines Deformation Behavior in Different Soils Using Geofoam 896
1 Introduction 896
2 Motivation Behind Present Study 897
3 Model Materials 897
3.1 Soil 897
3.2 Geofoam 899
3.3 HDPE Pipe 899
4 Model Test Package and Test Procedure 900
5 Test Program 901
6 Analysis and Interpretation 902
7 Results and Discussion 903
8 Conclusions 903
References 904
96 A Time Dependent Scour Around Circular Piers Under Unsteady Flow 905
1 Introduction 905
2 Experimental Set up and Procedure 907
3 Modification in Existing Flume 908
4 Result and Discussion 909
5 Conclusion 916
References 916
97 Implementation of Methodology for Wastewater Treatment from Textile Industry 917
1 Introduction 917
2 Intended Beneficiaries 918
3 Methods 918
4 Physicochemical Waste Water Treatment 919
5 Hardware Project 920
6 Chemical Components 921
7 Results 922
8 Conclusion 923
References 923
98 Improving Torsional Seismic Response of Plan Asymmetric Structures Using Energy Dissipating Devices 924
1 Introduction 924
1.1 Background to the Study 924
1.2 Structural Irregularity in Buildings 925
1.3 Basic Principles of Seismic Response Control 925
1.4 Seismic Response Reduction by Visco-elastic Devices 926
2 Seismic Analysis Considerations 927
2.1 Torsion in Plan Asymmetric Buildings 927
2.2 Mathematical Modeling of Visco-elastic Device Response 928
2.2.1 Maxwell Spring-Dashpot Model 928
2.2.2 Kelvin–Voight Model 928
3 Methodology of Present Study 929
3.1 Strong Motions 929
3.2 Visco-elastic Device Design 929
3.3 Plan Asymmetric Buildings 929
3.4 Performance Requirement 931
3.5 Device Optimum Placement Strategy 931
3.6 Performance Evaluation and Optimized Selection 931
4 Results and Discussion 932
4.1 Results for L Shape Building 933
5 Conclusions 934
References 934
99 Optimization of Cables in Cable Stayed Bridge 935
1 Introduction 935
2 Optimization Methods of Cable Stayed Bridge 936
3 The Analysis Programme 937
4 Description of Bridge 937
4.1 Location of Project Site, Geometry and Cross Section of Bankot Bridge 937
4.2 Properties Considered for Elements in Model 939
4.3 Midas Model and Methodology of Analysis 942
5 Optimisation Technique Implemented in MIDAS 943
6 Results 943
7 Conclusion 946
References 946
100 Vibration Isolation of Single-Degree-Freedom System Using Permanent Magnets 947
1 Introduction 947
2 Methodology 948
2.1 Problem Statement 948
2.2 Procedure 949
3 Results and Discussions 950
3.1 Results 950
4 Conclusion 954
5 Future Scope 954
References 955
101 Study on Behavior of Externally Bonded RC Beams Using Armid Fiber Sheets 956
1 Introduction 956
2 Experimental Investigation 957
2.1 Details of the Beam Specimen 957
2.2 Preparation of Test Specimen 957
2.3 Test Setup 959
2.4 Test Result 960
2.5 Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity 960
3 Finite Element Modeling 961
3.1 Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity 962
4 Conclusions 964
References 964
Journal Papers 964
Books 965
 ACI/IS Codes 965
ICT Based Societal Technologies 966
102 Forecasting Monsoon Rainfall Over India Based on Global Climate Parameters 967
1 Introduction 967
2 Data 970
3 Methodology 970
3.1 Seasonal ISMR Prediction 971
4 Discussion 974
5 Conclusions 975
References 975
103 Augmented Reality in Higher Education Supported with Web 2.0: A Case Study in Chemistry Course 977
1 Introduct?on 977
2 Literature Review 978
3 Research Methodology 979
3.1 Prototype Architecture 979
3.2 Experimental Setup 979
3.2.1 Measurement Instruments 981
4 Data Analysis and Findings 982
4.1 Overall Cognitive Performance 982
5 Conclusion 984
Acknowledgements 985
References 985
104 Implementation of QoS Based Policer in Routers for Next Generation Network (NGN) 986
1 Introduction 986
2 Related Work 987
2.1 Literature Survey 987
2.2 QoS Mapping 988
3 Modeling Traffic on QoS Based Router for NGN 991
4 Simulation Results and Analysis 992
5 Conclusion 993
References 993
105 Wireless Sensor Networks for Societal Applications 995
1 Introduction 995
2 Applications of Sensor Networks 996
2.1 Environmental Applications 997
2.2 Military Applications 997
2.3 Home Applications 998
2.4 Health Applications 999
2.5 Other Commercial Applications 999
3 Motivating Parameters of WSN Design 1000
3.1 Fault Tolerance 1000
3.2 Flexibility 1001
3.3 Hardware Cost of SN 1002
3.4 Hardware Bounds 1002
3.5 WSN Technology 1003
3.6 Nature 1004
3.7 Transmission Channel for WSN 1005
3.8 Power Intake for WSN 1006
4 Architecture of SN 1007
5 Conclusion 1009
References 1010
106 Topology-Hiding Multipath Routing Protocol: A Modified Approach for Wireless Network 1013
1 Introduction 1013
2 Related Works 1014
3 Modified Topology-Hiding Multipath Routing Protocol (M-THMR) 1015
4 Experimental Evaluations 1018
4.1 Simulation Setup 1018
4.2 Performance Analysis 1019
5 Conclusion 1021
References 1021
107 A Cloud Computing Based WSNs for Agriculture Management 1023
1 Introduction 1023
2 Proposed System 1024
2.1 WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) 1024
2.2 Ardunio 1025
2.3 Personal Computer 1025
2.4 Thingspeak 1026
2.5 Mobile/PC (Visualization) 1026
3 System Flow Chart 1027
4 Results and Discussions 1028
5 Conclusion 1029
Acknowledgements 1029
References 1029
108 Analysis on an MHT Based Integrity Authentication Framework for Cloud Data Security 1030
1 Introduction 1030
2 Related Work 1031
3 Problem Statement Analysis 1031
4 System Design 1031
4.1 Data Owner 1032
4.2 Cloud Service Provider 1032
4.3 Merkle Hash Tree 1032
4.4 Trusted Third Party 1033
5 Implementation 1033
5.1 System Requirements 1033
5.2 Setup 1033
5.3 Encryption Phase 1033
5.4 Key Generation Phase 1034
5.5 Decryption Phase 1034
5.6 Data Update and Verification 1034
5.7 Public Auditing with All Replica 1034
6 Performance Analysis 1035
7 Conclusion 1036
References 1036
109 Historical Drought Analysis of Maharashtra State by Using SPI Index 1038
1 Introduction 1038
2 Objectives of Work 1039
3 Data 1039
4 Methodology 1040
5 Results and Discussions 1042
6 Conclusions 1045
References 1045
110 Statistical Downscaling of GCM Output for Generating Future Rainfall Scenarios Using SDSM for Upper Godavari Basin, Maharashtra 1046
1 Introduction 1046
2 Downscaling 1047
2.1 Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) 1047
3 Study Area 1047
3.1 Data Used 1049
4 Methodology 1049
5 Results and Discussions 1049
5.1 Climate Change Scenarios (CCCma Under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) by Downscaling Future Rainfall 1050
6 Conclusion 1052
References 1052
111 Design of MIMO Antenna for WLAN and Wi-Max Application 1053
1 Introduction 1053
2 Single Antenna Design 1054
2.1 Designing of UWB MSA Antenna 1054
2.2 Antenna Simulation Analysis 1055
3 MIMO Antenna Design and Analysis 1058
4 Comparison of Single Antenna and MIMO Antenna 1061
5 Conclusion 1061
References 1061
112 Secure Ration Dispensing System Using HAN and Geofencing Through Li-Fi 1062
1 Introduction 1062
2 Design and Implementation 1063
2.1 Human Area Networking (HAN) 1063
2.2 Geofencing Through Li-Fi 1064
2.3 Implementation 1065
3 Working 1067
4 Benefits 1068
5 Limitations 1068
6 Results 1069
7 Conclusion 1069
8 Future Scope 1069
References 1070
113 Enhanced Digital Image Watermarking in Combination with Encryption 1071
1 Introduction 1071
1.1 Proposed Method 1072
1.2 Proposed Methodology 1073
2 Experiments and Results 1074
3 Conclusion 1078
References 1078
114 SNR Versus BER Performance and Effect of Changes in Hysteresis on Different Modes of IEEE 802.11a 1079
1 Introduction 1079
2 OFDM Principles 1080
3 Effect of Changes in Hysteresis on Different Modes 1081
4 Different Fading Modes 1082
4.1 Dispersive Fading Mode 1082
4.2 Flat Fading 1082
4.3 No Fading Mode 1083
5 Simulation Environment 1083
6 Conclusions 1087
Acknowledgements 1087
References 1087

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 16.6.2017
• Zusatzinfo: XVII, 1150 p. 713 illus., 565 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Fahrzeugbau / Schiffbau
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Advanced Technologies for Energy • Advanced Technologies for Transportation • Advanced Technologies for Water Transportation • ICT Based Societal Technologies • Manufacturing Processes for Societal Applications • materials engineering • Rural and Agricultural Technologies • Sensor, Image and Data Driven Societal Technologies • Wind Turbine Technology
• ISBN-10: 3-319-53556-0 / 3319535560
• ISBN-13: 978-3-319-53556-2 / 9783319535562